fiber lasers and amplifiers - university of arizona...project #7: edfa output input pump laser...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Fiber lasers and amplifiers - University of Arizona...Project #7: EDFA Output Input Pump laser Er-doped fiber WDM Er-doped fiber amplifier Isolator Amplifier construction Gain, ASE,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040900/5e7030ac5d45413b2239ea6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fiber lasers and amplifiers
by: Khanh Kieu
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Project #7: EDFA
Output
Input
Pump laser Er-doped fiber
WDM
Er-doped fiber amplifier
Isolator
Er-doped fiber
WDM
IsolatorOutput
coupler
Ring fiber laser
Amplifier construction
Gain,
ASE,
Output vs pump
Co- or counter pump?
Laser construction
Lasing threshold
Spectral narrowing
Output vs pump power
Laser modes
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Project #7: EDFA
Output
Input
Pump laser Er-doped fiber
WDM
Er-doped fiber amplifier
Isolator
Amplifier construction
Gain,
ASE,
Output vs pump
Co- or counter pump?
980 nmPump laser characterization EDFA gain measurement
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Project #7: EDFA
Output
Input
Pump laser Er-doped fiber
WDM
Er-doped fiber amplifier
Isolator
Amplifier construction
Gain,
ASE,
Output vs pump
Co- or counter pump?
No seed signal With seed signal
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Project #7: Fiber laser
Er-doped fiber
WDM
IsolatorOutput
coupler
Laser construction
Lasing threshold
Spectral narrowing
Output vs pump power
Laser modes
Spectral domain measurements
with an OSA
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Project #7: Fiber laser
Er-doped fiber
WDM
IsolatorOutput
coupler
Laser construction
Lasing threshold
Spectral narrowing
Output vs pump power
Laser modes
Mode beating measurement with
RF analyzer
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Outlines
• Introduction
• History
• Active fibers
• Laser performance
• Cladding pump technology
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Introduction
• 1964: Townes, Basov and Prokhorov
• 1971: Gabor
• 1981: Bloembergen and Schawlow
• 1997: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji and Phillips
• 2000: Alferov and Kroemer
• 2005: Hänsch an Hall
Nobel Prize in Physics awarded for contribution related to laser
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History
First laser was demonstrated in 1960 by T. Maiman
First fiber laser was demonstrated in 1963 E. Snitzer
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The first laser paper!
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Who invented the laser?
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Who invented the laser?
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Who invented the laser?
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Who invented the laser?
• Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow
• Gordon Gould
• N. Basov and A. Prokhorov
• Nico Blombergen
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How does a laser work?
Pump
Active medium
HR mirror
OC
Output
Lasers tend to operate in a mode so that the optical
field in the cavity sees smallest loss per cavity round trip
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How does a laser work?
We need to have 3 things put together in a certain way to make a laser:
1. Pump to create a population inversion
2. Gain medium where the population inversion occurs
3. Cavity to provide a positive feedback for the field to build up
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Laser characteristics
• Directional emission
• Clear lasing threshold
• Spectral narrowing
• Gain medium
• Pump
• Cavity
Required components:
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Why are people still doing research in
lasers?
Requirements:
• New wavelength bands
• Maximum average output power
• Maximum peak output power
• Minimum output pulse duration
• Maximum power efficiency
• Minimum cost
The physics of laser operation is well
understood. But there is always need
for better and cheaper lasers. Also,
there are still a lot of applications’
requirements that current technology
can not satisfy.
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laser market
Laserfocusworld.com
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Laserfocusworld.com
Materials processing & lithographyIncludes lasers used for all types of metal processing (welding, cutting, annealing, drilling);
semiconductor and microelectronics manufacturing (lithography, scribing, defect repair, via
drilling); marking of all materials; and other materials processing (such as cutting and welding
organics, rapid prototyping, micromachining, and grating manufacture). Also includes lasers
for lithography.
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Laserfocusworld.com
Communications & optical storageIncludes all laser diodes used in telecommunications, data communications, and optical storage
applications, including pumps for optical amplifiers.
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Active fibers
Nd
3+, Y
b3
+
Er3
+
Tm
3+, H
o3
+
Bi 3
+
Er3+
, ZB
LA
NPr3
+
Pr3+
(49
1n
m,5
20
nm
,60
5nm
,69
5nm
)
1m 1.5m 2m 3m0.5m
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Advantages of fiber format
• High efficiency
• Air-cooled
• Direct diode pumping
• Compact
• Alignment free
• Reliable
• Low cost
• Performance
Fiber format removes the strict
requirement of heat management
which is normally very critical in
solid-state lasers
But there are also disadvantages:
• Long gain media
• High nonlinearity
• Polarization stability
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Laser design
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Fiber laser performance
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mJ energy femtosecond fiber
laser: > 1GW peak power!
Tünnermann’s group
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What can fiber laser do?
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Cladding pump technology
http://www.rp-photonics.com/double_clad_fibers.html
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Cladding pump technology
(Goldberg, Opt. Lett. 1999)(US patent # 5,864,644)
GTWave technology (credit: D. Payne)
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Beam combination
(credit: D. Payne)