THETRANSTEC GROUP

THE

FHWA/TPF FHWA/TPF Intelligent Compaction StudyIntelligent Compaction Study

ByByGeorge Chang, PhD, PEGeorge Chang, PhD, PE

The Transtec GroupThe Transtec Group

THETRANSTEC GROUP

THE

AcknowledgementAcknowledgementVDOT VDOT –– Brian Diefenderfer and Trenton ClarkBrian Diefenderfer and Trenton ClarkSuperior Paving Superior Paving –– Dave Helmick, James Dave Helmick, James Mitchell, Chris Griffith, Todd Atkins, and etc.Mitchell, Chris Griffith, Todd Atkins, and etc.Volvo Volvo –– Dale Starry, Chad Fluent, Mohammad Dale Starry, Chad Fluent, Mohammad Siam.Siam.OU OU –– Prof. Sesh Commuri and students.Prof. Sesh Commuri and students.Sakai Sakai –– Todd MansellTodd MansellKessler Kessler –– Larry and Virginia AickenLarry and Virginia AickenTrimble Trimble –– Pete Kaz and Bruce HanesPete Kaz and Bruce HanesKeystone Precision Keystone Precision –– Mike WinsorMike Winsor

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Transportation Pooled Fund #954Transportation Pooled Fund #954

““Accelerated implementation of intelligent Accelerated implementation of intelligent compaction for embankment subgrade compaction for embankment subgrade soil, aggregate base, and asphalt soil, aggregate base, and asphalt pavement materialpavement material””33--year IC study for all the above materialsyear IC study for all the above materials12 participating States12 participating States12+ field demonstration12+ field demonstration

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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MN

KS

TXMS

IN

NY

PA

VA

MD

ND

GA

WI

200820092010

IC Field Demo Schedule

Mini demo

2 demos

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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ObjectivesObjectives

Accelerated development of QC/QA Accelerated development of QC/QA specifications for subgrade soils, aggregate specifications for subgrade soils, aggregate base and asphalt pavement materialsbase and asphalt pavement materialsDevelop an experienced and knowledgeable IC Develop an experienced and knowledgeable IC expertise base within Pool Fund participating expertise base within Pool Fund participating State State DOTsDOTsIdentify and prioritize needed improvements to Identify and prioritize needed improvements to and/or research of IC equipment and field and/or research of IC equipment and field QC/QA testing equipmentQC/QA testing equipment

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Prioritization of IC ImprovementsPrioritization of IC Improvements

Simplifying IC usageSimplifying IC usageAchieving greater IC value, cost benefit, Achieving greater IC value, cost benefit, etc.etc.Improved accuracyImproved accuracy

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Task Working Group (TWG)Task Working Group (TWG)Mr. Victor Gallivan

FHWACOTR

Dr. George K. Chang, P.E.Transtec Group, Inc.

PI

Dr. David WhiteIowa State University

Co-PI

Mr. Larry L. MichaelAsphalt Technology Consultants

Co-PI

Mr. Jason DickTranstec Group, Inc.

Programmer

Mr. David Merritt andMr. Dennis Turner

Transtec Group, Inc.Technical Writers

Mr. Bob HoranAsphalt Institute

IC Facilitator

Pooled Fund StateRepresentatives

Dr. Rob O. Rasmussen, P.E.Transtec Group, Inc.

Project Management Support

IC Roller VendorRepresentatives

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Application of Material TypesApplication of Material Types

Type I Type I : Non: Non--cohesive subgrade soilcohesive subgrade soilType II Type II : Cohesive subgrade soils: Cohesive subgrade soilsType IIIType III : Aggregate base material: Aggregate base materialType IVType IV : Asphalt pavement material: Asphalt pavement materialType VType V : Stabilized base material: Stabilized base material

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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IC Roller RequirementsIC Roller Requirements

Continuous rollerContinuous roller--integrated measurement integrated measurement systemsystemRealReal--Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Position System (GPS) based mappingPosition System (GPS) based mappingRealReal--time onboard display and integrated time onboard display and integrated software reporting systemsoftware reporting system(Optional) Feedback control(Optional) Feedback control

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Participating Soil/SB RollersParticipating Soil/SB Rollers

BomagBomag AmericaAmerica

CaterpillarCaterpillar

AmmannAmmann/Case/Case DynapacDynapac

Sakai AmericaSakai America

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Participating Asphalt RollersParticipating Asphalt RollersBomagBomag AmericaAmerica

CaterpillarCaterpillarAmmannAmmann/Case/Case DynapacDynapac

Sakai AmericaSakai America VolvoVolvo

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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CaterpillarCMV, RMV, MDP

DynapacCMV

BomagEVIB

SakaiCCV

Ammann/CASEkb

Roller Measurement ValuesRoller Measurement Values

Courtesy of Dr. David White

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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InIn--Situ Testing MethodsSitu Testing Methods

Which tests can be used as companion tests to RMV?

Impact ForceFrom Rollers 300 mm 

LWD/FWD200 mm 

LWDNuclear 

Density Gauge

DynamicCone Penetrometer

2.1 m

2.1 m

0.3 m 0.2 m 0.3 m

1.0 m

X X X X X X X X2.1 m

Distance = Roller travel in 0.5 sec.

In‐situ spot  test measurements

Influence depths are assumed ~ 1 x B (width)

Area over witch the roller MV’s are averaged

Courtesy of Dr. David White

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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InIn--Situ Test Methods for HMASitu Test Methods for HMANGNG

PSPAPSPA

NNGNNG

LWDLWD--aa

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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LWDLWD

FWDFWD

DCPDCP NGNG

PLTPLT DSPADSPA BCDBCD

In Situ Test Methods for Soils/SB/STB

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Key Findings

Values of mapping existing support before construction or overlaySignificant improvements of rolling patterns, thus, consistent productsImprovement of roller operators’ acountability

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Key Findings (contKey Findings (cont’’d)d)Construction processConstruction process--control greatly control greatly improvedimprovedICIC--MVsMVs correlate to various incorrelate to various in--situ point situ point measurementsmeasurementsMeasurement influence depth varies Measurement influence depth varies depending on technology and site depending on technology and site conditionsconditionsMachine operation parameters influence Machine operation parameters influence MVsMVs

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Ultimate Goals of TPF ICUltimate Goals of TPF IC

Gain the knowledge needed to develop Gain the knowledge needed to develop credible and productive credible and productive IC specificationsIC specifications for future projectsfor future projects

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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Future IC Spec

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 7 0R a n g e = 1 5D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 1 0 0

S ta tio n 2 7 5 + 0 0 to 2 7 7 + 0 0

< 1%< 29<70%<1%29 ‐ 3470‐80%3%34 ‐ 3880‐90%52%38 ‐ 5590‐130%45%55>130%

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 7 3R a n g e = 2 3D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 1 5 0

S ta tio n 2 7 3 + 0 0 to 2 7 5 + 0 0

< 1%< 29<70%4%29 ‐ 3470‐80%6%34 ‐ 3880‐90%59%38 ‐ 5590‐130%31%55>130%

IC DataCCV% Target

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E x p e r im e n ta l V a r io g ra mE x p o n e n tia l V a r io g ra m

N u g g e t = 0S ill = 7 3R a n g e = 2 3D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 1 5 0

S ta tio n 2 7 3 + 0 0 to 2 7 5 + 0 0

< 1%< 29<70%4%29 ‐ 3470‐80%6%34 ‐ 3880‐90%59%38 ‐ 5590‐130%31%55>130%

IC DataCCV% Target

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 4 3R a n g e = 1 2D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 7 4

S ta t io n 2 7 3 + 0 0 to 2 7 1 + 0 0

0%< 29<70%<1%29 ‐ 3470‐80%4%34 ‐ 3880‐90%79%38 ‐ 5590‐130%17%55>130%

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 4 3R a n g e = 1 2D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 7 4

S ta t io n 2 7 3 + 0 0 to 2 7 1 + 0 0

0%< 29<70%<1%29 ‐ 3470‐80%4%34 ‐ 3880‐90%79%38 ‐ 5590‐130%17%55>130%

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 3 5R a n g e = 8D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 4 8

S ta t io n 2 7 1 + 0 0 to 2 6 9 + 0 0

< 1%< 29<70%1%29 ‐ 3470‐80%4%34 ‐ 3880‐90%83%38 ‐ 5590‐130%10%55>130%

IC DataCCV% Target

L a g D is ta n c e (h )0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0

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N u g g e t = 0S ill = 3 5R a n g e = 8D is ta n c e to A s ym p to tic "S ill" = 4 8

S ta t io n 2 7 1 + 0 0 to 2 6 9 + 0 0

< 1%< 29<70%1%29 ‐ 3470‐80%4%34 ‐ 3880‐90%83%38 ‐ 5590‐130%10%55>130%

IC DataCCV% Target

Courtesy of Dr. David White

THETRANSTEC GROUP

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IC Clearing HouseIC Clearing House

www.IntelligentCompaction.com