fgya 2006 01 prsnttn postharveststanddevconference gyprotocolsforhybridpoplarplantationsatabpacificf
DESCRIPTION
https://foothillsri.ca/sites/default/files/null/FGYA_2006_01_Prsnttn_PostHarvestStandDevConference_GYProtocolsforHybridPoplarPlantationsatABPacificForestIndustries.pdfTRANSCRIPT
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Growth & Yield Protocols for Hybrid Poplar Plantations at Alberta-Pacific
Forest Industries Inc.
Barb Thomas
January 31, 2006
Post-Harvest Stand Development Conference
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Outline
• Scope of Poplar Program
• Hybrid Poplars
• Growth & Yield Protocols
• Growth & Yield Equations
• Growth & Yield Expectations and Challenges
• New Model Development
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Alberta-Pacific’sForest Management
Agreement Area
annualharvest
CanadaCanada
Calgary
AlbertaAlberta
Mill SiteEdmonton
Alberta-Pacific’sForest Management
Agreement Area
annualharvest
• Boreal Mixedwood
• 58,000 km2
or 5.8 million ha
Forest Management
Agreement area
• Al-Pac’s annual
allowable cut
– 2.2 million m3
deciduous
– 370,000 m3
coniferous
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Private Wood Supply Shortage
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
AAC M3/yr
Mill NeedsM3/yr
Mill Requires
• 2.7 Million m3 / yr AAC
• 2.2 Million m3 / yr (FMA area)
• Approximately 350,000 m3 private wood purchases
• Remainder chip purchases
In 20 years it is estimated 400,000 m3 needed from plantations to meet projected short fall from private wood and mill efficiencies.
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• New timber supply analysis
deletes 31,679 ha for
anticipated oil sands mines
(10-year horizon)
Anticipate
conservatively
5,000 ha annually
to be cleared over
next 20-years.
550 annually from
seismic alone.
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Edmonton
White Area of
Alberta = Private
ownership
Green Area
of Alberta =
Crown land
Aspen Parkland/
Converted to Agriculture
Al-Pac’s FMA area is within the
Boreal Forest
Al –Pac’s Poplar Farm
Management Area
(PFMA) 200 km radius from
Mill Site
Mill Site
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Farm Land
Forest Land N
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Millsite
50 km
100 km 150 km 200 km
N
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Al-Pac Poplar Farm Land Distribution
1299.78
1636.49
585.48
1575.66
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 - 50 km 51 - 100 km 101 - 150 km 151 - 200 km
Radius From Dispatch
Hecta
res
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Scope of Project
• Plant 1200 hectares per year for 20 year rotation
• Final project size 24,800 hectares
– 24,000 ha leased, 800ha Al –Pac owned land
• Lease terms 20 years (can extend)
• Expected growth rate 14-16 m3 MAI
– ~ 400,000 m3/yr at harvest
• Current planting stock = hybrid poplar
– 5 clones currently recommended for planting
• Comprehensive R&D breeding & testing program
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Why Hybrids?
• Hybrid vigour & reduced rotation length -
clonal off-spring that exhibit
superior growth compared to either parent
species
A B
AB
x
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hybrid aspen pure aspen
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Growth and Yield
10- yrs, 18-yrs, 4-yrs, 10-yrs
HYBRIDS
HYBRIDS
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Current State of the Poplar Farm Program
• Implementing best practices & investigating new
herbicide options
• 4,006 ha planted (16% of target)
– Typical annual plant of 1,200 ha
• Anticipate introduction of new operational clones
by 2010.
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80% of crop conversions from
as hay or pasture land
20% of crop conversions is
agricultural cropland
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Intensive poplar farms ~17% of future fibre
to come from farms
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Outline
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Protocol
Determination of a ‘stand’ delineated by:
• Age
• Spacing
• Clone
• Same culture (eg: stock-type, biosolid application)
For a given field or portion of a field
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Protocol
Two Types of Sampling:
• 1. Permanent sample plots
– Established in yrs 1-3
– 12-tree plots
– Soil sampling also conducted for: soil type & pH
– Survival, DBH, height measured at yrs: 4, 7, 11, 16 & ~20
– If req’d, winter dieback, browse, insect attack etc. also recorded
– # of PSP’s per stand
• Stands < 5ha, no PSP
• Stands < 10 ha, 2 plots
• Remaining stands require 4 plots per 20 ha’s
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Protocol
1. Permanent sample plots
North
Finish
START
Tree #1
Tree #2
Tree #3
Tree #4
Tree #8
Tree #7
Tree #6
Tree #5 Tree #12
Tree #11
Tree #10
Tree #9
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Protocol
• 2. Temporary sample plots
– Initiated in year 3 (survival only prior)
– 2–trees per hectare per stand to a maximum of 30 trees
– Annual measurement, height and DBH only
– Selection of trees random
• COMPARE BETWEEN METHODS
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Protocol coding
• Program is divided into 7 regions
Data
Code
Region included
1 Westlock, Barrhead, Lac Ste Anne counties
2 Athabasca area, lesser Slave Lake counties
3 Smoky Lake, Thorhild counties
4 Bonnyville, St. Paul counties
5 Mill-site area, Wandering River area
6 Lakeland county
7
Sturgeon, Strathcona, Lamont, Two Hills, Beaver
counties
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Protocol coding
• Stock Type
Data
Code
Stock Type
1 Bareroot
2 OWD (Over-winter dormant)
3 Hot-lifted
4 Cuttings
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Tree Measurements
2003 planting 2000 planting Data recording
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22.5 cm in 18 years
Yields 6-8 times the volume/ha when compared to native stands.
2 weeks 2½ months
7 years
Growth and Yield
Remaining growth took 17 years
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Growth and Yield
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
18 MAI
Al -Pac Data
14 MAI
M3
Years
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Growth and Yield
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
18 MAI
Al -Pac Data
14 MAI
M3
Years
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Growth and Yield
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
18 MAI
Al -Pac Data
14 MAI
Best Clone + Best
Practices
M3
Years
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
• A Grower’s Guide to Hybrid Poplar, MNR Ontario, 1991
• Developed in eastern Ontario
• 407 observations from a range of hybrid poplar clones
(mostly P. deltoides x P. nigra clones)
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
• General individual tree stem volume equation:
= EXP(-1.064079+1.562891*LN(DBH in cm)
+0.101423*(HT in m))*1.013689/1000
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
• Mean annual increment (MAI):
(Individual volume (m3) x stems per ha x % survival)/age
• Current annual increment (CAI):
Yr 2 volume (m3) x stems per ha x % survival – Yr 1
volume (m3) x stems per ha x % survival
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
DBH (cm)
Walker 5-year 10-year 20yrs 1100t/ha MAI
Height (m) 8.6 28 27 m3/ha
5-year 7.8 0.022278 24.51 4.90
10-year 12.7 0.231704 254.87 25.49
20-year 17 0.338574 372.43 18.62
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
DBH (cm)
Walker 5-year 10-year 20yrs 1100t/ha MAI
Height (m) 8.6 28 27 m3/ha
5-year 7.8 0.022278 24.51 4.90
10-year 12.7 0.231704 254.87 25.49
20-year 17 0.338574 372.43 18.62
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
Example
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 3 5 7 9
11
13
15
17
19
21
Years
m3
m3/ha
MAI
CAI
Mean MAI = 14
Mean CAI = 20
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Volume equation for hybrid poplars
Example
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Years
m3
m3/ha
MAI
CAI
50.0, CAI
18.2, MAI
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Impact of clone variation
Individual tree volumes in a block planting of 10 hybrid poplar clones
Clones
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Yea
r 4
Vol
ume
cm3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
24
25
26
2393
2400
2404
2405
2408
2414
2592
de f ef ef bc b bc cd de a
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Impact of spacing x clone interaction
Spacing, 1 = 1320 sph, 2 = 1090 sph, 3 = 943 sph
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Vo
lum
e y
ea
r 4
(cm
3)
0
2
4
6
8
2.5 x 3 m
3 x 3 m
3.5 x 3 m
24 25 26 2393 2400 2404 2405 2408 2414 2592
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Impact of spacing on individual tree volume
Individual tree volumes at three spacings for 10 hybrid poplar clones
Spacing
1 2 3
Ye
ar
4 V
olu
me c
m3
0
1
2
3
4
1320 sph (2.5 x 3.0 m)
1090 sph (3.0 x 3.0 m)
943 sph (3.5 x 3.0 m)
a b a
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Volume per hectare at three spacings Year 4 volumes per hectare at three spacings for 10 hybrid poplar clones
spacing
1 2 3
m3
/ h
a
0
1
2
3
4
5
1320 sph (2.5 x 3.0 m)
1090 sph (3.0 x 3.0 m)
943 sph (3.5 x 3.0 m)
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Other impacts
• Insect and disease
• Climate changes
(extremes)
• Moose
• Weeds
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Developing a new model?
• Different hybrid poplars grown in AB vs Ontario
• Different environmental/site factors
• Unknown what impact this might be having on our
projected volume estimates
• Dr. Thompson Nunifu joined group in 2003/04
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Thompson’s work
• Conducted a study with limited samples (10 clones)
• Tested Kozak’s (1988) variable-exponent taper
equation
• Compared results with Ontario equation
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d1
Breast height
(1.3m)
Ht
d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11
Ht – 1.3
x
x
x x x x x x x
x
d2
Main stem, showing points where discs cut.
d1 = 0.3m, d2 =1.3m, remaining discs taken at equal
intervals x = (Ht - 1.3)/10.
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Comparison between Models
Region Stand
Number
PSP Number
Average DBH (cm)
Average
Height (m)
Tree Density
(stems/ha)
Volume (m3/ha)
Taper Model
Ontario Volume tables
5.00 1.00 1.00 9.44 8.87 1000.00 28.38 30.87
5.00 1.00 2.00 8.21 7.78 1111.11 20.61 23.90
5.00 1.00 3.00 8.85 8.56 1333.33 31.87 35.44
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Model Comparison
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Taper Model Volume (m3)
On
tari
o T
able
Vo
lum
e (m
3)
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Outcome & Next steps
• Ontario equation appears to over-estimate volumes
• Model testing was weak wrt sample size & age of trees
• Currently measure ALL trees harvested for any study
requiring whole trees (eg: wood quality, carbon, etc.)
• Will revisit modified model when sufficient data
available to ensure the results are robust
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Acknowledgements
• Poplar Farm Research Team
– Dave Kamelchuk, Line Blackburn (now in QB)
• Poplar Farm Operations Team
– In particular Chuck Kaiser,
Al Bertschi, Joanna Ramsum
• Dr. Thompson Nunifu
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Fgya 2006 01 prsnttn postharveststanddevconference practicalityversatilityandvalidityasguidingprinci
Afgo 2010 10 prsnttn confpresforestsandcarbonpositivefeedbacktoclimatechangeoropportunitiesforclimat
Fgya 2007 08 prpsl friaa0708provincialprojectsinitiativemonitoringanddecisionsupportforforestmanagem
Fgya 2006 02 prsnttn postharveststanddevconference individualtreenonspatialmodelinginborealmixedwood