ffHE EVENING STAR f with Sunday Morning; Edition.

"'WASHINGTON, D. C.

{WEDNESDAY, February 7, 1934

fCHEODOHE W. NOYES..Editor

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The Battle of Paris. A couple of weeks ago, when

Camille Chautemps. then premier, called upon Prance to present a united front against elements bent upon the overthrow of the republic, the appeal struck most observers, both at home and abroad, as a spectacular political gesture to bolster a doomed and tottering cabinet. A few days later the Chautemps ministry bowed before the rising storm of popular disapproval and quit office in confusion and despair.

In the lurid light of events at Paris

yesterday and last night, it must be

admitted that M. Chautemps’ warning had somewhat more foundation than circumstances seemed to warrant when it was uttered. When infuriated mobs

*re fired upon by police and the Republican Guard and ridden down roughshod by cavalry in the Place de la Concorde, the Rue de Rivoli and the Place de la Madeline, resulting in

a casualty list, admittedly incomplete, of perhaps a score killed and un-

countable hundreds more or less seri- ously wounded, and in the midst of ■wild disorder the Ministry of Marine Is set afire—in the presence ol such

excesses, it is difficult to deny that at

least the incipient signs of “the terror” are manifest, and that firm, quick action is called for if the existing order Is to be maintained.

indicative oi me subversive nature

of the day’s mad events were the re-

peated attempts of the mob to storm

the Chamber of Deputies, in which the sorely distracted new premier, M.

Daladier. presented his cabinet. As

ft result of the government's program

pledging a thorough clean-up of the Stavisky-Bayonne S40,000,000 pawn- shop swindle, M. Daladier won three successive and substantial votes of

confidence, but they were cast amid

the crackle of pistol and machine gun fire outside as police and military de-

tachments engaged in pitched battle to restrain the mob. Today Premier Daladier and his ministers resigned, leaving France without an organized administration and throwing the sit- uation once more into confusion.

That blood did not flow more freely on both banks of the Seine, amid the rioting in the Place de la Con- corde and around the Chamber, is little short of a miracle. To what limits the Indiscriminate forces ar-

rayed in opposition to the government — Royalists, Communists, Fascists, Socialists and war veterans—are pre- pared to go in the effort to upset the

parliamentary regime time alone can telL The government can no longer be In doubt that it faces a desperately perilous situation. A too aggressive show of force could easily inflame popular feeling to a point where civil war might be unavoidable. All the Ingredients for such strife seem to be

present. Cool heads and strong hands •re necessary In Paris at this criti- cal moment if France is not to be plunged into gravest national tur- moil. The time for makeshift pallia- tives has quite obviously passed, and the moment for vigorous affirmative ftction arrived, if catastrophe is to be ■verted.

Will the crisis produce “the man”?

Gold revaluation has taken place and so far has produced no results Shat for sensational quality could not

be compared with a series of sudden changes in the temperrfure.

Airplane finance appears to reflect the liabilities of actual sky travel in matters of high flying and the sud-

den crash.

Dickens’ Day. St ever Americans are tempted to

»dd to the list of annual occasions celebrated In February, there surely will be many who wiU Indorse the birthday anniversary of Charles Dick- ens. He shares with Shakespeare and the editors of the King James Bible the distinction of teaching successive generations the language and the Idealism of the British race, and there already are thousands who commemo- rate him on February 7. He has a

permanent and honored place in the calendar of a multitude's memory.

Of course, the reasons are legion why it should be so. "Certainly the most popular and perhaps the greatest Ot the great English novelists,” the author of "The Pickwick Papers,” Uavid Copperfleld,” "Oliver Twist,” Nicholas Nickleby,” "The Old Curi-

celty Shop” and ”A Christmas Carol”

was co much In advance of his own

proper time that it appears incredible Chat it is one hundred and twenty- two years since he opened his eyes on the human scene in which he was

destined to play an unparalleled role. Be was a modernist and his thought gtill has application at this present moment. The problems with which he grappled differ little from those

with which President Roosevelt cur-

fently is struggling—poverty, disease, aelflshness and ignorance. Any

> »

reader may take up any of his worto, open It at random and find mirrored In the page the issues of 1934.

But that Is not to say that Dickens

labored In vain or that no progress has been made toward the correction of the Ills he Indicted. On the con-

trary, he has a monument In every

church, school, hospital, prison, social

center and legislature In the world —even In distent Russia, where he

ranks as a “best seller" six decades after his death. As boy and man he saw' and suffered, and out of his ex-

perience he wrote the chronicle of an

age in letters of fire whose brilliance has not faded. By the power of the blaze In his own soul he Illuminated the spirits of others and outworn so-

cial fetishes were burned away—still are being cleansed from the earth. He was the supreme journalist of the nineteenth century, and he employed his genius as an honest Journalist should—for the benefit of his fellow-

men. Moreover, his Influence persists, and it may be presumed that It will not pass until the changes and re-

forms he advocated have been effected.

It will live as long as It Is needed. And even when the forces against

which he tolled have been vanquished he will be remembered. Generations yet to follow will read him with grati- tude. The prophet of the forgotten classes,' he never will be among the forgotten men.

C. W. A. Without End. The Civil Works Administration,

I employing something like 4,000,000 men and women and costing about $70,000,000 a week, is looking more

and more like a permanent institu-

tion. It is one of those things that, once started, seem to have no end. Under the original appropriation the C. W. A. would have expired this

month. To start the ball roUlng last

Fall $400,000,000 was allocated from the public works fund. A pending appropriation bill carries $450,000,000 for civil works and $500,000,000 for

relief for the destitute and unem- ployed without the works feature at-

tached. Provision Is made, however, that the operation of the funds will be not hard and fast, but may be

interchangeable. The plan of th*

Roosevelt administration has been to carry the civil works program up to May 1, in the hope that the re-

covery of private business and sea-

sonal demand for labor would take up

much of the slack.

Members of Congress, both House and Senate, have reached the conclu- sion, however, that the civil works

program is really popular and, fur-

thermore, that it is directly effective. Also In the civil works army there

are something like 4,000,000 votes and

an election is in the offing. Demands were made In the House, and will be renewed in the Senate, that the ap-

propriation for the Civil Works Ad- ministration be mightily increased, there is talk now of bring the ap-

propriation up to $2,000,000,000 or

even $2,500,000,000. As long as the money holds out and

the credit of the United States Gov-

ernment remains good the demands for such expenditures of money will continue. The only question Is how

long will the money hold out? Pres- ident Roosevelt strongly urged that

the Congress should not go beyond the budget figures, pointing out that a deficit of $9,000,000,000 might be ex-

pected for two fiscal years, 1934 and

1935, and that the public debt would go above $30,000,000,000 during the year 1935. He has asked Congress to

call some kind of a halt, so that the country shall not go into the red for the fiscal year 1936.

Government spending, however, particularly when it puts millions of

persons on the pay roll and other millions on a veritable “dole,” is like a snowball rolling down hill. It is

difficult, almost impossible, to stop. And unless it be stopped there is al- ways the danger of an avalanche which will carry with it the entire

financial structure of the Govern-

ment and the country. If the Civil Works Administration

is to be continued as long as there are unemployed in this country and as long as there are applicants for

jobs with the Government, it will never end. Even in the days of great prosperity in this country the number of unemployed was put down in the

neighborhood of 3,000,000. Many of

these persons either would or could not work. It appeared. Furthermore, there is always the prospect of many men and women preferring to work for the Civil Works Administration rather than for private Industry. Al- ready the charge has been made that the wages paid the civil workers out- pace the wages paid for labor pri- vately employed.

It required the pessimistic audacity of a Hitler to propose euthanasia. He has revealed the eagerness of people to Join anything—even a sulcida club.

The Bloody Ground of Paris. The scenes now being enacted In

Paris with the semblance of a revo-

lution are mainly on historic ground, deeply stained with the blood of the people of France. The center of the disturbance is the Place de la Con-

corde, fronting on the Seine, the great open space flanked by the gar- dens of the Tuileries on the east and the Champs-Elysees on the west. Across the Seine to the south is the Chamber of Deputies, object of the

attack of the mob yesterday. On the other side is the Ministry of Marine, fired by the crowd and badly dam-

aged. In the center of the Place de la Concorde, where now stands an

obelisk from Luxor, stood the guillo- tine in the last days of the Terror, where Louis XVI and Marie Antoin- ette were executed, most notable of the many hundreds of victims of “The Widow.” A short distance to the north is the Church of the Made- line, and a little to the east of that

is the opera. At both of these build- ings rioting occurred yesterday.

The Paris of today is quite different from that of the times of the Terror, nearly a century and a half ago, for in the reign of Napoleon in the capi-

tal was greatly changed through ths execution of a comprehensive work under Baron Hauaamann, prefect of the Seine, who modernized the metro-

polis, cut wide avenues and boule- vards through congested quarters on a plan of radiation which was primar- ily designed, apart from the consider- ation of civic beauty, for strategic purposes In the event of popular up- risings. Whereas Bonaparte’s “whiff of grapeshot,” which was the final blow that put an end to the revolu- tionary excesses, was delivered at close range In the Rue St. Honore, at the Church of St. Roch, now there are

In the heart of Baris several points of military advantage permitting control of disorderly assemblages much more

effectively than In the red days of the overthrow of the monarchy, and even In the later times of the Commune following the Franco-German War. It was In the course of this latter dis- order In 1871 that the last great change In the appearance of the French capital was effected In the burning of the Tuileries Palace, which stood between the Place de la Con-

corde^nd the Louvre. The site of that royal residence, to which the unfortu- nate Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were removed from Versailles—whence they were taken to the Temple, long since destroyed—and which was occu-

pied by Napoleon I, and his successors In power, including his unfortunate nephew, Napoleon III, is now a beauti- ful garden park.

Gold Is banished from circulation, trade and wages are supervised by the Government and the man who be- lieves the world owes him a living is invited to collect. Even If a strict censorship were attempted, the world would still have an abundance to talk about

After using for a number of years the prescriptions of the Tammany In- dian medicine men. Dr. Royal Cope- land will probably find it easier to limit his professional responsibilities to a plain, old-fashioned pharma- copela.

The problem of budget balancing will become more and even more dif- ficult than was expected If conspir- acies to defraud continue to develop. A situation threatens which no corps of expert accountants can hope to keep track of.

It will not be surprising If Huey Long should find his ability to In- terest the public fading. His old tricks have ceased to amuse and there is little prospect of his learning any new ones.

France set out to gather in as much of the gold as possible and now seemi

a little disappointed that Uncle Sam

appears disinclined to show signs of Irritation over so slight a matter.

SHOOTING STARS.

BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.

Morals and Mechanics. Oh, human beings try to tell

An ever-truthful story; Bach day that passes seems to swell

The wave reformatory. But the machines that measure light,

Both gaseous and electric, Our wrathful censure they invito

As our remarks grow hectic.

George Washington; that hero bold. Makes truth seem sadly sweeter

As we see falsehoods fierce unfold

Upon the taximeter. Oh, human effort seems but small,

Whatever its persistence. When to mendacity we call

Mechanical assistance. —

The Point Under Suspicion. “They say," said one young woman,

“that he is a distinguished foreign millionaire.”

“Yes,” replied the other, who is

older; “there's no question concerning his distinguished foreign air. But I

have my doubts about the million."

Misplaced Attention.

Well-meaning man has seldom said

The thing precisely that he ought; He slights her dainty homemade

bread And suavely flatters what she

bought

Agreed With Him. "I think,” said the comedian, "that

some of the humor which I have in- troduced is strictly up to date."

"Yes,” replied the friend who has

a gentle method of saying unkind things, "there is no doubt of that There is a great popular craze for the antique at present”

Egotism. De pride ob some dat makes er show

Is ‘nufT ter claim yoh laughter; De tu’key b’lleves folks feeds him so

’Case he’s so fine, dey h&fter.

A Single Objection. “Now, that’s what I call a clever

idea,’’ said the man who grows en-

thusiastic. “To what do you refer?” Inquired

the business man.

"That perpetual calendar. All you have to do Is to shift the numbers around in the right way. and there you have the date before your eyes And It’s just as good for one year as

It is for another.’’ “Yes. There’s only one combina-

tion of circumstances which can in- terfere with its usefulness.”

“What is that?” "Sometimes you forget what day of

the month it is, and don’t know just how to set the thing.”

Reminiscence. *1 used to be able to take a dollar

and fill a market basket.” “It’s different now.” “Very. To start with, it costs me

the dollar to buy the basket.”

The Three-Cent Stamp. Prom the Atlanta Constitution.

The only redeeming feature of con-

tinuing the three-cent letter postage is prevention of chain letters being revived.

THIS AND THAT I BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL.

____»

The fascination of a gutter for a child remains something of a mys- tery.

The law of gravity has no more effect than a good gutter, with or without water. Its attraction Is Just as powerful.

The average Ud simply cannot ra- slst a nice gutter.

It had rather play In one than In all the backyards In the world.

In the old days, undoubtedly gone beyond recall, the good mother of a perfectly proper child had a healthy fear of one epithet:

“Gutter snipe 1” * * * *

Perhaps that was an Importation from the mother oountries, where class distinctions were more tightly drawn, where little counts and dukes did not play In gutters, where the children of the commoners probably did.

In the 80s and 90s, at any rate,, In the United States, mothers did not care to have their children called "gutter snipes’’ by other mothers, par- ticularly.

There was, accordingly, a very strenuous effort made by them to pre- vent their little ones from more than a casual acquaintance with the fasci- nating city brooklets.

Even In the proverbial rainstorms, which filled village gutters to over-

flowing, the children were not sup- posed to pay too much attention to them.

European children, according to the classic stories, always found great amusement In sailing paper boats. Even Asian little ones got fun out of it, too, for the Indian poet. Rabindra- nath Tagore, in one of his volumes, has a poem devoted to the sport.

di dr ^ 4,

Washington children were ever fortunate In their gutters.

Neat curbstones, Impounding plenty of fluid, with capable sewers to carry off the excess, have provided plenty of playgrounds of this type.

Never, however, do we recall having seen a child sail a paper boat in a Washington gutter.

It may have been done In the big rainstorm of the Summer of 1913, but this observer over the years does not recall It even then.

His best remembrance of gutter play is connected with a moet hu- miliating incident.

He must have been all of 8 years old; a very great age, Indeed, when one is 8 years old!

That Innocent youngster of long ago played in the soft Summer eve- ning with about a score of other In- nocent youngsters, presumably of the same age.

Where they all came from he did not know, but there they were, run-

ning up and down the sidewalk, mak- ing Incursions Into the gutters.

* * * *

Now at that time In the history of the National Capital it was the custom to sprinkle the streets of that section shortly before dusk.

The sprinkler wagon always drew the attention of the children, who followed It In droves the entire length of the block, then as now one of the very longest In the entire city.

Nice dirty water swirled along the curbs, making black eddies for every child who dared the whirlpool.

The hero of this episode had some- how gotten hold of a small American flag, for it was in the Spanish-Amerl- can War days, when flags were In- tensely popular.

Who knows what causes a child to do anything?

I-

Our hero (and he still Is, of course) suddenly began to drag the flag through the murky water.

He ran and whooped, trailing the banner of his country.

* * * * Just at this point a Terribly Upset

Lady appeared upon the scene. All she saw was the Star Spangled

Banner getting a good wetting. Perhaps she belonged to a flag so-

ciety. or something. Or was there a

society, In those days, to tell the folks how to hang a flag and how to treat a flag?

We don’t know. But the Upset Lady seised the be-

draggled colors In one hand, and the urchin In the other.

"You terrible little boyl” she screamed. "How dare you Insult the flag of your country?”

The terrible little boy, who had no Idea In the world of Insulting the flag of his country, or the flag of any other country, for that matter, looked with open mouth.

* * * *

"You have Insulted the flag I” she roared again.

Hie urchin didn't know anything about that, but he did begin to realize that some one had taken his toy of the moment away from him.

So he began to roar In his turn. As this story has come down

through the ages the hero (for such we insist he was) Anally retrieved his very lack-luster banner, on the prom- ise that he would drag It through no more gutters, filled or unfilled.

The lady did not take Into account the simple fact that children often do what they do for no reason whatso- ever that they or any one else can

discover. * * * *

That name, Mellyloogoo, far In- stance, which this same boy of yester- year fastened upon one of his small playmates.

At this date he has forgotten whether It was a term of derision or

praise, but, at any rate, It was a mouthful.

The boy who became Mellyloogoo had a perfectly normal, orthodox cog- nomen. but the new one stuck.

He became Mellyloogoo to hla own

parents. In time, as he had Instantly to Ws comrades of the vacant lots— and gutters.

No doubt today. In the great City of New York, where he Is a successful lawyer, If he were to hear that old familiar greeting behind him, that striking old hall of the '‘gang,'’ he would turn his head instantly to see

an old friend. * * * *

Children love gutters, there can be no doubt of this.

Whether it Is the primitive instinct toward a stream, or rather the possi- bilities of a stream, or whether it is the fascination of the street Itself which calls, children of all ages, up- bringings and home environment like to play In them.

No doubt nowadays the street exer-

cises more fascination owing to the danger which roars up and down In It, sliding so swiftly by on rubber feet.

The modem gutter, to the modem child. Is just one step forward into danger.

The child, playing In the gutter, feels itself standing on the border of adventure. It answers to the same call which drew Columbus across the unknown sea. peopled the great West of our own United States, and today sends men regularly to the South Pole.

-—-1 WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS

BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE.

Efforts are afoot to persuade Herbert Hoover to make a public address on

the new state of the Union while he is in the East on private business. If time allowed, it was thought he might appropriately speak on Lincoln’s birth-

day, as he did a year ago, and in the

same surroundings—before the rock- ribbed Republican Union League Club of New York City. His friends feel

that a Nation-wide hook-up should be

part of the scheme, in order that Mr.

Hoover’s views may be heard by the

whole country. Since leaving office, the former president has resolutely refused every sort of importunity to discuss national affairs. Speeches, in- terviews, radio talks, magazine articles, have all been turned down at Palo Alto. Mr. Hoover has conferred with countless close friends and former

political associates and carried on a voluminous correspondence. But every- thing said or written was “off the record.’’ It’s doubtful whether the Californian thinks the time has yet come when he could usefully unburden himself. The eve of this year’s con-

gressional elections may be the hour when Republican leaders can convince him of the appropriateness of a clarion message to party faithful.

4c * * *

Charles Summer Lobingler, professor of comparative law In the National University at Washington and former United States judge in China and the Philippines, is the author of a mono-

graph just published as a Senate doc- ument entitled, “Obsolete Features of Our Federal Constitution,” namely the electoral college, the method of amendment and the presidential “blanket” veto. Judge Lobingler’s work was carried out In co-operation with three Senators—(1), Norris, Re-

publican Progressive, of Nebraska, who

proposes the abolition of the electoral college and the substitution of pro- portional representation; (2), Pope, Democrat, of Idaho, who would sub- stitute for article 5 of the Constitu- tion a method of amendment by pop- ular ratification, together with Initia- tion of amendments by the people of the several States, and (3), McCur- ran. Democrat, of Nevada, who advo- cates an amendment authorizing the President to veto obnoxious items in appropriation bills and other fiscal measures without rejecting the meas- ures altogether.

* * * *

In Representative Edith Nourse Rogers, Republican, of Massachusetts, the United States foreign service has a friend at court. Mrs. Rogers' In- terest in Americans on duty abroad springs from the fact that the author of the Rogers law, which seeks to make the diplomatic and consular service a merit and career branch of the Government, was her late hus- band, whose seat the lady from Lowell now occupies. Mrs. Rogers, who sometimes calls herself “Congressman” Rogers, is working hard to induce the House to compensate members of the foreign service for the heavy loss they suffer nowadays, when they cash pay checks In depreciated foreign curren- cies.

* * * *

No one has detected the slightest sign of cold feet in Senator Royal S. Copeland of New York, as a result of he disclosure that Roosevelt admlnls- ;ration influence may be thrown be- hind some rival for the physiclan- sateman’s toga. Senator Copeland's rote-getting qualities are famed. He bolds the unique record of having run ihead of both A1 Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt In New York In 1928, when

t

they were candidates, respectively, for President and Governor. Cope- land's radio talks and syndicated health articles have built up an Im- mense personal following for him, especially among women. Those who vote in New York are relied upon to go to bat for the doctor in serried ranks whenever his fortunes are at stake. Meantime the Senator wears his red carnation at the same jaunty angle and in all other ways radiates accustomed composure.

* * * *

Galleries were packed and standing room at a premium while the Mac- Cracken contempt proceedings held the Senate’s attention this week. The at- mosphere had all the electrical ten- sity of one of the Hill’s ’’big days." The Chamber’s many lawyers were in their element, because of the legal- istic questions involved, especially the

point of "privilege" raised by Mr. MacCracken as to the confidential nature of relations between attorney and client. Senator Black of Ala- bama made a strong Impression with his dispassionate, court-like presenta- tion of the issues. The Alabaman is one of the youngsters of the Senate, as ages go, being just 48 this month. Through his outstanding work as chairman of the special committee to investigate air and ocean mail con- tracts he has inherited the place held (by the late “Tom” Walsh of Mon- tana as the Senate’s champion in- vestigator. Senate lawyers of dis- tinction who joined In the contempt debate Included Borah of Idaho. Reed of Pennsylvania, McCarran of Ne- vada and Lewis of Illinois.

W

I Petitions representing about a mil-

lion names have reached the House of Representatives protesting against alleged "radia censorship.” The peti- tioners are shooting at the determina- tion of broadcasting stations to keep off the air the propaganda sponsored by an organization, which is assailing one of the country’s biggest religious denominations. The broadcasters’ at- titude is that the wave lengths must be kept free from religious persecution and argument, especially of abusive character, under any and all circum- stances. Hie petitions, which arrive from some part of the country almost daily, are referred to the House Com- mittee an Merchant Marine, Radio and Fisheries, of which Representative Schuyler Otis Bland, Democrat, of Virginia, is chairman.

* * * *

Robert Lincoln O’Brien, chairman of the United States Tariff Commis- sion (Harvard 91), in a recent ad- dress before the Harvard Club of Washington, boasted that his alma mater has now caught up with Wil- liam and Mary CoUege by having landed four of her sons in the presi- dency of the United States—two Adamses and two Roosevelts. "Har- vard Presidents,” O’Brien explained, “work in pairs, like plumbers.” Wil- liam and Mary is still ahead in the total number of years her graduates occupied the White House, but Har- vard win match her in that respect, too, Mr. O’Brien observed, “when F. D. R. gets his second term.” As to Yale, the tariff chairman said, the best Old Eli has been able to achieve was one President—Taft—In addition to "a lock and a laundry.” From Princeton have come two Presidents— Madison and Wilson.

(Ooprrlaht. 1934.)

New Deal Nomenclature. From the Omaha World-Herald.

It was all right for city folks, ad- miring the recovery program, to name their babies Nlra, but what is • farmer to do—call his child Aaa?

4

NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM

Mar gar at Gtcrmond.

THE GROSS OP PEACE. By Philip Gibbs. New York: Doubled!?. Doran ti Co., Inc.

When Sir Philip Gibbs writes about the war tha long fhtin of evils which have fallen upon humanity be- cause of It, his work rings with the authority of knowledge and experience. For he was among the first of Eng- land’s valiant heroes to witness the merciless charge of the four horsemen of prophecy as they swept out of the New Testament into Western Europe In the Fall of 1914 and for four long and weary years wrought death and destruction in Prance and Belgium. He saw and knew the Great War at Its worst, and since then be has seen the same Influences which made that devastation possible blind and stag- nate the Intellects of those upon whom has devolved the task of devising a code of Justice between nations, de- signed to guarantee to the youth of the world the privilege of life, to pre- vent the necessity of ever again drenching the earth with the blood of young manhood.

Ever since his war duties came to an end Sir Philip Gibbs has devoted a large part of his time to the writ- ing of books which are Intended to promote an Intelligent understanding of the crime and the futility of war and to lead the thoughts of the peo- pli * of the earth out of the channels of hatred which breed conflict. His Idealism Is not that of those misguided chasers after illusive rainbows, but Is founded upon the substantial knowl- edge that the world must be Intelli- gently educated' Into peace and not blindly legislated Into a state of false security.

No novel wmcn has been produced during the past sixteen years has con- tained so strong an argument against war as does "The Cross of Peace." From beginning to end It Is an appeal to the leaders of men to apply logic and reason rather than selfishness and hypocrisy In meeting the prob- lems and in shaping the destinies of nations.

Armand G&tlere*, the hero of the novel, has won every’ honor for bravery and achievement In the service of his country which the government of Prance can bestow. Tbe war has

ended, and after his release as a Ger- man prisoner he has been restored to

military duty with the army of occu- pation, where he is billeted for a time in the fine old home of Heinrich von Menzel. The old German and his wife are hostile, but that la to be expected, for the whole of Germany is hostUe to the army of occupation. TTiere Is no resentment, however. In the heart of young Otto von Menzel, who becomes friendly immediately with Gatlere* and grows to admire him greatly.

Resentment In Germany over the charge of war guilt Is a familiar story to the world, as Is also the fact that its people refused to admit defeat. But It must always be remembered by those who were not within the bor- ders of that unfortunate nation dur- ing the war that the German people were deliberately educated to the be- lief that they were waging a war of defense and that France was the aggressor. It must also be remem- bered that the Kaiser was supreme and that any display of a belief in his fallibility was punishable by death. Even the fact that he proved himself to be so base a coward as to desert his people in their hour of need has failed, even unto this day, to awaken the masses to a recognition of the crime Into which they were plunged by the power-mad fiend who now lives in peaceful exile.

It was therefore into this hostile atmosphere that the army of occupa- tion marched and took possession of the Ruhr. To Gatleres the entire situ- ation was a stupid performance. He had fought and bled in the trenches, had seen his comrades mown down like grass, had despaired with them and for them. But his was more of a spiritual despair, because to him the war seemed a denial of all human reason and intelligence. In young Otto he found the promise of a new spirit in the world, an enlightened concept of a new order which should grow out of *the four years of night- mare. He became acquainted with the New Youth movement and its work, and through Otto laid the founda- tions for a campaign of education which should become world-wide.

The blunder of the Ruhr occupa- tion became daily more evident to Gatleres. It was an easy enough mat- ter lor distinguished politicians and officials miles away to order French drivers to run the coal trains, but it was a very different and difficult problem to those anxious experts who stood in the middle of that gigantic spider's web of steel and iron, of rail- ways, mines and machines about which they knew nothing. It was another demonstration of the blind- ness of theorists and politicians to logic and reason.

Throughout the period of occupa- tion Gatleres keeps in touch with Otto and others who have become devoted to the cause of a new world plan in which international peace shall reign, and then he returns to his home and takes up the po6t of professor of history in Lycee In Avig- non. His work for peace continuea, and among his students he makes many converts. For a while all goes well, but after a time his work and ius semuneiits oecome Known, ana troubles heap upon him.

Prom this point in the story the author gives an accurate account of the twin growths of communism and pacifism which have swept over the world hand-in-hand through the mis- guided efforts of so-called leaders whose understanding of the methods of peace has been as stupid and as futile as the negotiations of those wise politicians whose conferences have ended In failure.

Gatieres is sacrificed on the altar of his belief, but through him Sir Philip Gibb6 has presented the rise of Fascism and Hitlerism and the gen- eral condition in Europe today—so re- cently has he completed his book—in a manner to set the world in a line of thought which may eventually bear fruit. Gatieres is a pacifist, as la Sir Philip, but he is guided by logic and reason In his work for the ideal in which he has implicit belief. Some day, despite the gathering clouds which now make the pathway obscure, the way will be found to save from destruction the youth of the world. When that time comes, it will be to the credit of the author of “The Cross of Peace” that his work has laid the solid foundation upon which an intelligent and humane world plan can be erected for the welfare of mankind.

Car Capacity. Prom the NasbvlUa Tennessean.

When some automobile manufac- turers say "five-passenger” we idly wonder If they are, by any chanoe, thinking of midgets.

Neglected. Prom the Oakland Tribune.

“The movies may go In for Shake- speare.” And it Is about time the old fellow had some adequate recogni- tion.

Elder Freshmen. from the Christian Science Monitor.

Ohio State University's 95 fresh- men over 25 years old probably are regarded rather highly, even by the sophomores.

d

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY YRIDCR1CI. BASKIN.

Any reader can get the answer to any question by writing to our Infor- mation Bureau in Washington, D. O. This offer applies strictly to Informa- tion. The bureau oan not give advice on legal, and financial mat- ters. It does not attempt to settle domestic troubles or undertake ex-

haustive research on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and Inclose two cents In coin or

stamps for return postage. Do not use post cards. The reply Is sent di- rect to the Inquirer. Address The Evening 8tar Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskln, Director, Wash- ington, D. O.

Q. Why weren’t cattle Included In the agricultural adjustment act for production control and adjustment payments?—L. 8.

A. At the request of cattlemen, beef cattle were not designated as basic commodities and thus were not eli- gible for these provisions. Requests for an amendment to the act, defin- ing beef cattle as a basic commodity, are being received.

Q. Where la the headquarters of the United Mine Workers of America? —8. B.

A. In Indianapolis, Ind. The or- ganisation has just voted to move the headquarters to Washington, D. C.

Q. What caused our war with Mexico?—O. X.

A. The crisis which brought about the war with Mexico was precipitated by the annexation of Texas. Mexico had never recognized or accepted the independence of Texas. An argu- ment arose over a boundry question between Mexico and Texas. Presi- dent Polk accepted the Texan point of view and ordered Gen. Taylor into the disputed zone. By the Americans this was regarded as an act of de- fense, but it was denounced by the Mexicans as an invasion of their country.

Q. What color are ordinary coral reefs?—I. B.

A Ordinary coral reefs axe a whitish color and consist of white calcareous lramework. The precious red coral is found widespread on the borders and around the islands of the Mediterranean Sea. Black coral which grows to ft considerable height and thickness Is in the tropical water off Australia.

—

Q. Who produced "Parsifal” the first time in this country?—o. N.

A Walter Damrosch produced this Wagnerian opera for the first time in the United States in 1896.

Q. How large is the puma?—D. C. A. The puma or mountain lion is

not a very large animal compared to other wild cats. It measures about 7 to 8 feet In total length, including the tail, and a full-grown specimen weighs about 200 pounds, and stands not more than 3 feet at the withers.

Q. Why was Santo Domingo chang- ed to Hispaniola?—R. N.

A. There has always been some confusion about the name of the second largest of the West Indian Islands, because of the fact that two republics occupy It. It has been called the Island of Haiti or the Island of Santo Domingo. Very re- cently, however, the name was chang- ed back to the original name, His- paniola. The change was made by the United States Georgraphic Board.

Q. How many Indian reservations are there?—M. C.

A. There are approximately 160 Indian reservations In the United States, most of which are west of the Mississippi River.

Q. Is the oil removed from the coconuts and a substitute placed therein. I notice those you buy are neither very oily nor milky and there seems to be a soft opening. I would like this explained —E. G.

A. The liquid in the coconut Is un- touched. While It Is In some sections a popular belief that water is put in In place of the milk, this Is not cor- rect. The coconuts reach the market Just as they are taken from the trees. The three dents in the end are part of the physiological make-up of the coco- nut. The tissue at that point Is not so dense and woody and the covering Is thinner. There Is considerable misunderstanding regarding the na-

ture of cononut milk. It Is a very thin watery, almost transparent, liquid of a sweetish taste.

Please aescriDe me ancient

Hanging Gardens of Babylon.—W. H. A. According to accepted belief the

gardens were constructed by King Nebuchadnezzar as a pleasure resort for his Median wife, Amytis, whom he had brought from a mountainous re-

gion and who had wearied of the level plains of her adopted country. The square inclosure measuring about 400 feet each way contained flower gardens, groves and avenues of trees, with fountains and banquet rooms distributed at intervals. The entire area was raised in terraces by means of tiers of masonry to heights of from 75 to 300 feet. Water for ir- rigation purposes was pumped from the Euphrates River by a device said to resemble the screw of Archimedes.

Q Is there any silver in a 5-cent

piece?—C. P. C. A. It cointains no silver. It is

composed of 75 per cent copper and 25 per cent nickel.

Q. What is the height and weight of Postmaster General Farley?—E. C.

A. Postmaster General James A. Farley Is 6 feet 2 Vi Inches In height and weighs 220 pounds.

Q. What Is the origin and meaning of the expression, He Is the apple ol her eye?—L. M.

A. The apple of the eye means the pupil, because it was anciently sup- posed to be a round solid ball like an

apple. The expression is used in ref- erence to an object of great affection and admiration. Q. When was the Grand Central

Terminal in New York City built? How large is it?—P. A. S.

A. It was begun in 1903 and was

opened in 1913. The approximate cost of the Grand Central Terminal Building was $10,000,000. The main station building at the street level is 600 leet long, 300 feet wide, and 105 feet high; below the street level it is 745 feet long and 480 feet wide. The floor space of the station could ac-

commodate 30,000 people at one time. There are 42 tracks on the upper level and 25 on the lower; the area is 79 acres and will accommodate 1,149 cars.

Q. What was Mata Hari’s real name?—J. 8. T.

A. Her father was Adam Zelle. She was named Marguerite Gertrude. She married Capt. Rudolph MacLeod, but was afterward divorced. She was

registered in the German secret ser-

vice as H-21.

Q. When was the Davy Burnes Cottage demolished?—I. D. B.

A. This cottage, which stood on the farm included in the original site of the City of Washington, was re- moved on May 23, 1894. It had stood since 1748.

Q. When does the Metropolitan Opera season close this year?—T. P.

A. The Metropolitan Opera season nms for 14 weeks, from December 26, 1933, to April 1, 1934.

Q. In what part of Russia is the purest Russian spoken?—F. A. L.

A. The purest Russian is spoken in Moscow. Leningrad and other large cities of European Russia.

Q. How many buildings or parts of buldings were used by the War De- partment during the World War?— M. D. W.

A. In all there were 77.

French Moves Interpreted As Step Toward Strong Man

4 France’s need of a strong man in

the crisis growing out of a national financial swindle is read by the Amer- ican public Into the demonstrations in that country. The cabinet change by which Daladier succeeded Chau-

temps Is Interpreted as a step in the direction of effective handling of af- fairs.

"Of immediate interest, which over-

shadow* the aspirations of the Royal- ists,” according to the Boston Tran-

script, ‘‘is the quest for the strong man who can shape existing institu-

tions to his leadership.” The Tran-

script believes it probable that "France will find a way out of her troubles without resort to a king or a dictator of twentieth century model.” The In-

dianapolis Star observes that "Dala- dier served as premier from January to October of last year, so that he bounces back to his first place after an unusually brief Interval,” and con- cludes that “the country needs politi- cal stability, but little improvement is likely so long as irresponsible Depu- ties play so loosely with the responsi- bilities of public office.”

"When an affair like the Stavinsky scandal is brought to light.” says the Richmond News Leader, “the extrem- ists always claim that the cabinet had a hand in the thievery.” That paper draws a comparison between the new

premier and his predecessor, stating that “Chautemps was not strong”; that “his cabinet was drawn almost entirely from the Radical-Socialists, with lupport neither of the Repub- lican* on the right nor of the Social- ists on the left, with a precarious life from the outset,” and that "Daladier may be able to command some Re- publican following, but he, too, will not succeed In bringing the Socialists into his cabinet.”

a lie vn&muu auuuuc vuuuuucs

“the scandal has given the Royalists more hope than they have had in years," but points out that in that country “politics is capitalizing on outraged personal feelings.”

“The Frenchman does not trust his politicians,” avers the PhUadelphia Public Ledger, with the thought that “in setting up a 'cabinet of public safety’ the French leaders acknowl- edge and proclaim that the present ‘crisis’ Is no ordinary incident in the ups and downs of the French govern- ment.” The Public Ledger offers the analysis of the forces involved: “When Royalists stage riots In Paris they are ordinarily not protesting merely about the dishonesty or Inefficiency of the government of the day. They are pro- testing against the Republican regime Itself. And even though the ‘newsboys of the King’ may have been put up to their disturbing antics by politicians with ulterior motives, there Is strong evidence that the French are won- dering whether one cabinet Is not much like another. The French. In fact, are In a mood to welcome a dic- tatorship, If an honest dictator could be found for them.”

“Those who know Daladler and the

position he has to face are fearful that even If he succeeds his cabinet will not have a very long life,” says

4

the Scranton Times, while the Colum- bus Evening Dispatch, starting with the view that "perhaps what follows may affect the International outlook of almost every nation In the world.” suggests as to the selection of a strong man: "A Fascist France, added to a

Fascist Germany and a Fascist Italy, would make Europe a worse hotbed of suspicions and hatreds than it is now even. It is to be hoped that the French keep their heads and do not surrender their sovereignty to an am- bitious demagogue, who might easily stir up more trouble.”

The Hartford Times believes that France ‘'promises to survive its latest crisis with a renewed sense of need for internal unity,” while the Rock- ford Register-Republic suggests the "future availability of Herriot as a French leader,” putting emphasis on his belief that French obligations to this country should be recognized, and the Haverhill Gazette finds it signifi- cant that "Daladier is reported favor- able to direct negotiations with Ger- many on the questions of armament and the Saar Basin.”

"Democratic government Is facing a serious threat,” in the judgment of the Watertown Daily Times, while conceding that “if Premier Daladier cleans up the scandal and proceeds energetically to punish any high offi- cials involved, It will do much to win for him the confidence of the nation.” The Troy (N. Y.) Record advises that "France is accustomed to political scandals and knows how to handle such Irregularities.” The Owensboro Messenger holds that "for the first time in a generation the cries of the Royalists are something more than the vocal eccentricities of ridiculously little groups of fanatics,” but the Chester Times sees “no rerival of Royalist spirit.”

Dangerous Precedent.

Prom the Texarkana Gazette. The Philadelphia judge who im-

posed fines on jurors who acquitted a defendant in a racketeering case undoubtedly touched a popular chord. The public has grown weary of seeing criminals win acquittals; this judge, asserting bluntly that the verdict was a miscarriage of justice, deprived the jurors of their fees—amounting to $21 apiece—and dismissed them from further service.

Salutary as this action may seem, however. It sets a bed precedent.

The jury system may be clumsy and woefully inefficient sometimes, but It still represents a bulwark of popular liberties. You do not have to think long to see that it would be weakened very seriously if Jurors gen- erally knew that the court might fine them If they fail to return verdicts of guilty.

Whatever It does, the Jury Is sup- posed to function on its own, and not to be a rubber stamp for the Judge.

No Monopoly. Prom the Roanoke Times.

It is perfectly true that children should be seen and not heard. Bpt that doesn’t mean that their parents should have a monopoly on making all the noise.

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