fetal retardation
TRANSCRIPT
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FACTORS
CAUSING FETALGROWTH
RETARDATION
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MATERNAL FACTORS CAUSING FETAL
GROWTH RETARDATION
Cyanotic heart disease
Chronic lung disease
Malnutrition
Severe anemia
Smoking
Surgical bypass proceduresDrug addiction
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PLACENTAL FACTORS CAUSING FETAL
GROWTH RETARDATION
Circumvallate placenta
Abnormal implantation site
Abruptio placenta
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FETAL FACTORS CAUSING FETAL
GROWTH RETARDATION
Congenital anomalies
Trisomies
Intrauterine infections
AIDS
TORCH
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TOXOPLASMOSIS, OTHER AGENTS, RUBELLA,CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HERPES SIMPLEX
Infection with any of these may cause a
constellation of similar symptoms in
affected newborns. These may include fever;
difficulties feeding; small areas of bleedingunder the skin, enlargement of the liver and
spleen; yellowish discoloration of the skin,
whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes
(jaundice); hearing impairment;abnormalities of the eyes.
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Itendhere...
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CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE
also known as bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD)
Chronic lung disease is a condition in
which damaged tissue in a newborn
baby's lungs causes breathing and
health problems.
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CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE
also called Right-to-left cardiac
shunt; Right-to-left circulatory shunt
Cyanotic heart disease is a heart
defect, present at birth (congenital),
that results in low blood oxygen levels.
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ANEMIA
Normally during pregnancy, erythroid
hyperplasia of the marrow occurs, and RBC
mass increases. However, a
disproportionate increase in plasma volumeresults in hemodilution (hydremia of
pregnancy): Hct decreases from between 38
and 45% in healthy women who are not
pregnant to about 34% during late singlepregnancy and to 30% during late multifetal
pregnancy.
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MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition is the condition that
occurs when your body does not
get enough nutrients.
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SURGERY DURING PREGNANCY
Major surgery, particularly intra-
abdominal, increases risk of preterm
labor and fetal death. However, surgery
is tolerated well by pregnant women
and the fetus when appropriate
supportive care and anesthesia
(maintaining BP and oxygenation atnormal levels) are provided, sophysicians should not be reluctant to
operate; delaying treatment of an
abdominal emergency is far more
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SMOKING
Smoking during pregnancy affects
you and your baby's health before,
during, and after your baby is born. The nicotine (the addictive
substance in cigarettes), carbon
monoxide, and numerous other
poisons you inhale from a cigarette
are carried through your
bloodstream and go directly to your
baby.
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DRUG ADDICTION
Taking drugs during pregnancy also increases
the chance of birth defects, premature babies,
underweight babies, and stillborn births.
Exposure to drugs such as marijuana -- alsocalled weed, ganja, dope, or pot -- and alcohol
before birth has been shown to cause behavior
problems in early childhood. These drugs can
also affect the child's memory andattentiveness. In addition, some findings show
that babies born to women who use cocaine,
alcohol, or tobacco when they are pregnant
may have brain structure changes that persist
into early adolescence.
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CIRCUMVALLATEPLACENTA
A circumvallate placenta is a placenta
that does not form properly. This
placental abnormality occurs in less
than two percent of pregnancies and it
is not the fault of anything the mother
does or does not do. It occurs because
of variations in placental developmentthat are beyond the control of the
body that the fetus is gestating in.
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ABNORMAL IMPLANTATION SITE
The abnormally implanted gestation
grows and draws its blood supply
from the site of abnormal
implantation. As the gestation
enlarges, it creates the potential for
organ rupture, because only the
uterine cavity is designed to expandand accommodate fetal development.
Ectopic pregnancy can lead to massive
hemorrhage, infertility, or death.
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ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
Abruptio placentae is premature
separation of a normally implanted
placenta from the uterus after 20 wkgestation. It is an obstetric
emergency. Manifestations may
include vaginal bleeding, uterine
pain and tenderness, hemorrhagicshock, and disseminated
intravascular coagulation.
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CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
The risk of having a child with
congenital anomalies is higher if a
parent or a sibling has acongenital anomalies -- the risk
increases from eight in 1,000 to
16 in 1,000.
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TRISOMY
all individuals with Trisomy are affected by
mental retardation and distinctive malformations
of the skull and facial (craniofacial) region. In
some instances, additional physicalabnormalities may also be present, such as other
skeletal defects, structural malformations of the
heart that are present at birth (congenital heart
defects), and/or other findings. In some cases,
the trisomy appears to result from a balancedchromosomal rearrangement in one of the
parents; in others, it is thought to arise from
errors very early in embryonic development that
occur for unknown reasons.
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AIDS
Most aids infections in children
are passed from mother to child
during pregnancy, labor anddelivery, or breastfeeding.