fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (fasd)
DESCRIPTION
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). What is FASD?. Facts about FASD. FASD affects 1 in 100 live births In Minnesota, more than 8,500 babies are born each year with prenatal exposure to alcohol (Cite: CDC, 2011/SAMHSA, 2006) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
(FASD)
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What is FASD?
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Facts about FASD
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FASD affects 1 in 100 live births
In Minnesota, more than 8,500 babies are born each year with prenatal exposure to alcohol (Cite: CDC, 2011/SAMHSA, 2006)
Nationally 1 in 13 pregnant women report alcohol use (CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 20, 2012)
FASD occurs in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups
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FASD in comparison
Three major known causes of intellectual disability •Down Syndrome •Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) •Fragile X Syndrome
Alcohol use during pregnancy is the leading known preventable cause of intellectual disabilities and birth defects in the United States.
Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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What are Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
(FASD)? • A set of physical, behavioral, and cognitive
disorders seen in individuals exposed to alcohol prenatally
• Lifetime disability with brain injury that never goes away
• Broad range (spectrum) of characteristics that vary from person to person
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The FASD UmbrellaFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Partial Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (pFAS)
Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) replaced by ARBD & ARND in 2006
Alcohol-Related Birth Defects
(ARBD)
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)
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Areas of Diagnostic Evaluation
1. Facial Dysmorphia
2. Growth Problems
3. Central Nervous System Abnormalities
4. History of Maternal Alcohol Exposure
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FASD is NOT a diagnosis
• FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• PFAS Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• ARND Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental
Disorder
• ARBD Alcohol-Related Birth Defects
• FAE Fetal Alcohol Effects (Outdated term)
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Alcohol is alcohol
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Teratogen
• Alcohol is a teratogen—a substance that the fetus is exposed to that impedes growth and disrupts normal development.
Spring 2013 MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 10
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“No amount of alcohol consumption can be considered safe during pregnancy.”
Surgeon General’s Advisory on Alcohol Use in Pregnancy - U.S. Surgeon General Richard H. Carmona, February 21, 2005.
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Factors that affect each pregnancy
Risks with Known Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: • Not always going to result in an FASD • Manifestations are unique in each individual
Factors that affect each pregnancy: • Blood alcohol concentration of the mother • Binge drinking is especially harmful • Timing of the exposure • Resiliency of the fetus • Metabolism and diet of the mother Source: Davies & Bledsoe, 2005
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MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 13
National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS), 2004; Adapted from Moore, 1993.
Feb 2013
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Areas of the brain most affected
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Prenatal exposure to alcohol causes permanent
brain injury that never goes away.
Mattson, S.N.; Jernigan, T.L.; and Riley, E.P. 1994. MRI and prenatal alcohol exposure: Images provide insight into FAS. Alcohol Health & Research World 18(1):49–52.
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FAS Facial Characteristics
Thin upper lipPalpebral fissures
Smooth, long philtrumCDC 2004Might also have: Low set ears, flat mid-face, up-turned nose, small chin, and epicanthal folds.
FAS Facial Characteristics – Image courtesy of FASTAR..
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Ethnicities and Characteristic FAS Facial
Features
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FASD is an invisible disability
• Attention deficits • Hyperactivity • Memory deficits • Difficulty with abstract
concepts • Inability to manage
money
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Invisible Disability
Difficulty with the passage of time Difficulty learning from consequences Immature social behavior Inappropriately friendly to strangers Lack of control over emotions Poor impulse control Poor judgment
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Sensory Challenges• Sensory processing disorders
– Brain “misreads” information from senses, which affects learning and behaviors
• Other challenges– Sensory seeking– Sensory avoiding
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Behavior Challenges• Hyperactivity/impulsiveness – ADHD
common• Stubborness – perseveration issues• Passivity• High-risk behaviors• Sleep disorders• Hypersensivity• Depression• Anxiety
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Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Information Processing
MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 23
• input (taking information in from the senses)
• integration (interpreting information, making sense of it)
• memory (storing information for later use, connecting with previous experiences)
• output (response, behavior)
Feb 2013
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Look at the chart and say the color not the word
YELLOW BLUE ORANGE BLACK RED GREENPURPLE YELLOW REDORANGE GREEN BLACK BLUE RED PURPLE
LEFT-RIGHT CONFLICTYour right brain tried to say the color but your
left brain insists on reading the word.
MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 24Feb 2013
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Modify Expectations• Individuals with an FASD may break rules
repeatedly because they forget them or cannot apply them
• Accept that the individual may have unique learning challenges
• The emotional and social age of adults with an FASD is often lower than their chronological age
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Strategies for Success• Environmental modifications• Social reminders• Self-awareness• Proactive, not reactive
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Strategies for Success• Timers• Picture schedules• Songs• Routines
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Recognize strengths• Highly verbal• Artistic, musical• Athletic• Long-term visual
memory• Willing• Helpful • Loyal•
• Generous• Hard working,
energetic• Forgiving• Spontaneous• Friendly, outgoing• Want to succeed
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Don’t Try Harder Try Differently
If you’ve told a child a thousand times and he still does not understand, then it is not the child who is the slow learner. - Walter Barbee
MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 29Feb 2013
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Resources
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Online Resources• General Information on FASD
– Center for Disease Control and Prevention, FAS site
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas
– FASD Unit @ the Univ of Washington School of Medicine
• http://depts.washington.edu/fadu/
– MOFAS Resource Directory – • http://www.mofas.org
MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 31
MN Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
31Feb 2013
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Contact Information:MOFASPhone: 651-917-2370www.mofas.org