fertilising turfgrasses - bowls scotland · fertilising turfgrasses neil mitchell ... for a healthy...
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FERTILISING
TURFGRASSES
Neil Mitchell Area Sales Manager
Greentech Sportsturf Ltd
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Fertiliser
A fertiliser is any material of natural or
synthetic origin (other than liming
materials) that is applied to soils or to
plant tissue to supply one or more plant
nutrients essential to the growth of the
plant…..
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Why do we fertilise?
to ENHANCE GROWTH
for a HEALTHY TURF
to IMPROVE THE PLAYING SURFACE
for PRESENTATION/COLOUR
to OUTCOMPETE WEEDS
to FIGHT DISEASE AND PESTS
# Bowls is played on grass and not
colour
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Fertilisation - The Problem
Turfgrass nutrition is not a precise science:
-No simple criterion, such as yield, exists to
measure success
-Quality is largely subjective
-Greatly affected by: Fertiliser source
Application rate
Application timing
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Fertiliser Products
DRY or SOLID - granular
- powder
LIQUID - soil applied
- foliar applied
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Cation Exchange Capacity
Is the soils ability or capability for nutrient
holding to exchange nutrient solution to
the plant
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Where Do Nutrients Go?
Input Output
Fertilisation. Clipping removal
Atmospheric Gaseous loss
deposition. Conversion
Soil organic matter Leaching
decomposition.
Plant Available
Nutrient Pool
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Granular
Fertilisers
Particle Sizing
& Uniformity
SIZE really
does matter!
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Granular Fertilisers
Particle Sizing / Uniformity
- SGN 100, etc
- uniformity reflects spreadability
- uniformity is the relationship between
the largest particle and the smallest, the
goal is to have identical spreading
characteristics
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Size Guide Number (SGN)
Size Guide Number is the “average particle diameter” of the product expressed in millimeters multiplied by 100.
For Example:
A product with an average particle size of 1.5mm will have
an SGN of 150.
The lower the SGN number, the smaller the particle size.
2.4 mm 1.5 mm 1.0 mm
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Uniform Particle Distribution
Segregation Analysis
Multi sized
particles
segregate
Evenly sized particles
remain consistent
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Uniform Particle Distribution
Spreadability
Varying particle sizes and density cause irregular ballistic
behavior resulting in inconsistent delivery of product.
Non-
Uniform
Blend
Uniform
Blend
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Uniform Particle Distribution
Spreadability
Uniform Product
Uniform Particle Distribution
Non-Uniform Product
Uneven Particle Distribution
3.3 mm / 1.9 m
1.0 mm / 1.6 m
0.5 mm / 1.3 m
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Uniform Particle Distribution
Summary
The more consistently sized the product
particles, the more evenly the product will
be distributed and the more effectively it
will perform.
This is the first step in assuring
Uniform Particle Distribution which
results in consistent coverage and
maximum performance.
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HOMOGENOUS – means that all the
nutrient declared in the analysis are
present in each and every granule
BLENDED – means that all the nutrient
declared in the analysis are present in
individual granules, blended together in
the mix
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Turfgrass Nutrition
Plants require at least 16 elements to
sustain maximum growth and
development
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ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS
Nutrient Symbol Nutrient Symbol Basic Nutrients Primary Nutrients Carbon C Nitrogen N
Hydrogen H Phosphorus P
Oxygen O Potassium K
Secondary Nutrients Micronutrients
Calcium Ca Iron Fe
Magnesium Mg Manganese Mn
Sulfur S Zinc Zn
Silicon Si Copper Cu
Molybdenum Mo
Boron B
Chlorine Cl
Sodium Na
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Basic Elements
All plants require carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen
> Plants gather carbon in the form of
carbon dioxide from the air during
photosynthesis
> Plants sequester hydrogen from water
> Plants obtain oxygen from the air
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Macronutrients
Turfgrass must obtain six nutrients in
relatively large amounts from the soil
> Primary nutrients
Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium
> Secondary nutrients
Sulfur, Magnesium & Calcium
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Micronutrients
Turf must also obtain at least seven other
nutrients in relatively small amounts from the
soil
> Iron
> Manganese
> Zinc
> Copper
> Boron
> Molybdenum
> Chlorine
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Which Nutrients have the
Greatest Impact on Turf?
Greatest:
- Nitrogen (N)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Potassium (K)
- Iron (Fe)
Lesser extent:
- Mg, Ca, S
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Chlorophyll molecule
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Nitrogen Sources
Standard (fast) Release.
> Urea
> Ammonium sulphate
> Potassium sulphate
> Ammonium nitrate
> Potassium nitrate
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Standard (fast) Release
Disadvantages:
> May over stimulate
growth
> High salt index
> Cost and/or
inconvenience of
repeated applications
Advantages:
> Quick acting
> Low cost
> Granular forms are
easily spread as
opposed to powders
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Standard (fast) Release
To minimize fert burn potential:
> use low rates
> apply to dry turf, to avoid fert
sticking to the leaf
> water in
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Nitrogen Sources
Phased (slow) Release.
>MU – methylene urea
>PRC – polymer resin coated
>PSCU – polymer sulphur coated urea
>MESA – meth ex sulphate ammonia
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Phased Release
Advantages:
>longer lasting
>fewer applications
required
>lower leaching losses
>lower salt index
Disadvantages:
>higher cost
>N availability
dependant on
environmental factors
>recovery may be low
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GRASS BREEDING : A Time-consuming Process
Cross Selection Isolation Performance testing Multiplication Official tests List
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