fermi liquid theory - eth zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/fermi-liquid.pdf · fermi liquid theory...

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Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions are described by almost independent fermionic quasiparticles state of Fermi liquid described simply by quasiparticle distribution Phenomenological Theory by Landau energy functional: deviation from ground state ground state distribution filled Fermi sea spin index

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Page 1: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory

Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theoryelementary excitations of interacting Fermions are described by almost independent fermionic quasiparticles

state of Fermi liquid described simply by quasiparticle distribution

Phenomenological Theory by Landauenergy functional:

deviation from ground state ground state distribution

filled Fermi seaspin index

Page 2: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory

effective quasiparticle spectrum:

bare quasiparticle spectrum: Fermi velocity:

density of states at :Fermi volume conserved

effectivemass

Page 3: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory

couplings:symmetric(charge)

antisymmetric(spin)

spherical symmetry: Legendre Polynomials

Landau parameters:

charge

spin

Page 4: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory - physical properties

specific heat:

compressibility:

spin susceptibility:

change ofFermi volume

spin splittingof Fermi sea

Tthermal softeningof Fermi surface

Page 5: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory - Gallilei invariance

momentum shift for all particles

shifted Fermi sea

''bare particle'' view quasiparticle view

current density

quasiparticlemotion

inducedmotion

intrinsic consistency

Page 6: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory - 3He Fermi liquid

diminished enhancedenhanced

strong short-range repulsion

Fermi liquid

longer-ranged attraction

superfluid

Page 7: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Hamiltonian

contact interaction„perturbation“

kinetic energy

Fermi liquid theoryLandau parameters

Rayleigh-Schrödingerperturbation theory

Page 8: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

energy:

Distribution functioncharacterizes unperturbed state

Page 9: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

Page 10: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

Fermi sea

Page 11: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

Fermi sea

cutoff

interactionrange

weak K-dependence

„screening“

Page 12: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

cancels

relabeling

Page 13: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

Page 14: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Rayleigh-Schrödinger

variation:

Page 15: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Page 16: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Lindhard function

Page 17: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Lindhard function

Page 18: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Page 19: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Page 20: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Page 21: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Landau parameters:

Page 22: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

Landau parameters:

repulsive interaction

Page 23: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

repulsive interaction

less compressible more spinpolarizable

higher effective mass

ferromagnetism

Page 24: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

distribution function

ground state

Page 25: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

distribution function

3-dimensional Fermigas

Page 26: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory Microscopic considerations

distribution function

Z quasiparticle weight

Page 27: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Fermi liquid theory one-dimensional systems

Landau parameters

breakdown of perturbation approach !

Page 28: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

distribution function

1-dimensional Fermigas non-perturbative

Fermi liquid theory one-dimensional systems

Page 29: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

distribution function

1-dimensional Fermigas

non-perturbative

Z=0

no quasiparticleweight

not a Fermi liquid

TomonagaLuttinger

liquid

Fermi liquid theory one-dimensional systems

Page 30: Fermi liquid theory - ETH Zedu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/fs11/sst/Fermi-liquid.pdf · Fermi liquid theory Concept of Landau's Fermi liquid theory elementary excitations of interacting Fermions

Z=0

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquidno quasiparticles

Fermi liquid behavior disappearsexcitations:

collective modes (bosonization of Fermions)

separation of charge and spin excitations

charge spin

Fermi liquid theory one-dimensional systems