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Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL49(6),p.309-318,1998
Notes
F且齢r脆e魂e脚s旛睡M⑪醜9⑪齢g蹴o就且醜
Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN*and Satoshi HAMAsAKI**
Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN and Satoshi HAMAsAKI(1998)Fluorite deposits in Mongolia●B銘泥060乙sz67∂.ノψα7z,vol.49(6),P.309-318,5figs.,3tables.
an outline.
Aもstract:Fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,
gold and coal in Mongolia.The reserve of fluorite of Mongolia ranks fifth in the world.There are
more than600fluorite deposits in Mongolia.Especially eastem and central parts of Mongolia are
important for economical fluorite deposits.Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are
hydrothermal type,and can be divided into two groups by their genetical relation to magmatic
rocks.One group has relation to volcanic rock,and the other to plutonic rock.The former is
classified in epithermal fluorite deposit and fluorite(1eposit in carbonatite host.The latter is
classified in bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite,albitite,Mo/Sn-W and pegmatite deposit。The total
annual production of fluorite reached527,000t in1995.At present Bor-Ond6r,A(1ag,Bujgar,Zuun-
Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Org6n an(1Delgerkhaan deposits are in commercial production,and
further exploration is being carrie(l out.Bor-Ond6r is the biggest mining and processing complex.
1.豆慮ro撫ctio聾
In Mongolia,fluorite is one of the leading economic
minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and
coa1.Mongoliaフs production of fluorite is about l5%
in the world(MMAJ,1993)。In Mongolia,fluorite was
used to prevent decay of milk before,and nowadays
it is mainly used for production of aluminum,iron,
hy(lrofluoric aci(1,specia191ass and special optical
glass.The first fluorite deposit in Mongolia was
found in1933,and the first economical fluorite
deposit,Dojiru,in1939.After the World War II,
several economic cooperations with Soviet Union
and China promoted the exploration and discovery
of many fluorite (ieposits in central an(1 eastern
Mongolia(Kishimoto,1982)。
General descriptions of fluorite deposits in
Mongolia were reported by Marinov(1958,1980),
Kalenov and Khasin(1965),Konstantinov an(l Zimina
(1966),Kovalenko αα乙(1976),Khrapov6渉召乙(1977),
Ontoev6オαよ(1977),Kotovαα1.(1979),Ontoev(3渉召1。
(1979a),Volchanskaya and Korytov(1980),Shuvalov
α磁(1980),Batjargalα認(1982,1985),Kan(iinov
and Dobrolyubov(1984),Koshelev(1985)and Jamsran6雄よ(1986).
Mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of fluorite
deposits in Mongolia have been studiedby Lkhamsuren
and Batjarga1(1975),Naumov apd Ivanova(1975),
Lkhamsuren(1976,1984,1988),Lkhamsuren6渉召乙
*Mongolian Tec㎞cal University,Ulaanbaatar-46,Mongolia
**Mineral and Fuel Resources Department,GSJ
(1979),Ontoev α 6zよ (!979b),Korytov 6オ6zよ (1980),
Frikh-Khar and Volchanskaya(1982),Tumenbayar6齢乙
(1986),Voinkov and Lkhamsuren(1986),Tumenbayar
(1987)and Batjargal and Lkhamsuren(1987).
In this paper,we review classification an(i charac-
teristics of fluorite deposits in Mongolia mainly
based on mineral assemblage and ore genesis.
2.0聡t㎞e of geo且ogy a脳丑geo且ogical str眼ct慰e of Mo聾go藍a
Mongolia is situated in the folding zone between
the Siberian and North China Platforms (Janshin,
1989).The folding zone was formed by several orogenic
mo〉ements in Precambrian and Paleozoic、The zone
consists of ophiolite,high-pressure metamorphic rocks,
granitic intrusions,arctic volcanic rocks an(l several
large-scale strike-slip faults.The age of metamorphism
and granitoids become younger toward southemarea.Therefore,the folding zone is accretional zone,
which was formed by subduction of oceanic plate
and island arc to Siberian Plate(MMAJ,1991).In
eastem part of Mongolia,many volcanic and granitic
rocks of Jurassic to Cretaceous are also(iistributed.
Mongolia is rich in many kinds of mineral resources.
Many fluorite deposits are distributed especially in
central and eastem parts of Mongolia(Eig。1)。The
fluorite mineralization of late Jurassic to early
Cretaceous is important for economical fluorite
deposits(MMAJ,1993).
Keywords:Fluorite deposits,Mongolia,eastem and central
parts,hydrothermal type,volcanic rocks,plutonic rocks
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20 Chuluu七一Tsagaan-Deエ
21 Eguzer
22 頚bdoto
25 工kh-Khairk伽
24 Baga-gazariin-chuluu
25 Mushugai一幽udag
26 A1七an_Boom
27 現1脚一伽oo
28 Go可kho
29 Zuun-Bayan
Fig.1Schematic metallogenic map of fluorite mineralization in Mongolia(modified from Lkhamsuren,
1988).1-4:Premesozoic rocks(L Proterozoic basement in Caledonian folding area,2:Early Paleozoic
basement in Hercynian folding area,3:Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic granite,4:Various ages of
carbonate-chert and carbonate formations),5:Mesozoic rocks(molasse and coal-bearing molasseformations,with some volcanic rocks),6-9:Volcanic rocks(6:Basalt,andesitic basalt,trachy・basalt and
trachy andesite,71Dacite to rhyolite and trachy rhyolite,8:Trachy andesite,trachy rhyolite and andesite
to rhyolite,9:Potassium alkaline basalt),10-15:Intrusive rocks(10:Gabbro,11:Diabase and dolerite,
121Potassium alkaline ultrabasite,13:Potassuim alkaline ultrabasite with carbonatites,14:Alkalinebasaltoid,15:Rocks which are genetically not related with fluorite mineralization in composition and age),
16-21:Fluorite mineralization types(16:Epithermal fluorite(leposit l main mineral assemblage is,a:
quartz-fluorite(1arge and small deposit),b:calcite・quartz-fluorite,c:barite-quartz-fluorite,d:sulfide-
quartz-fluorite an(i e: a(iularia一(1uartz-fluol・ite,17: Fluorite deposit in carbonatite host,18: Fluorite-
bearing albitite,19:Fluorite-bearing pegmatite,20:Mo-W and W-Sn deposit,21:Bertrandite-phenacite-
fluorite deposit),22:Main regional and deep fault,23:Deep fault and fracture zone.
3.F互眼面teδe脚s置tsi盟Mo聖go且i盆
3.1C亘ass亘f亙cat豊o遡off賊oritede紗os豊ts
There are morethan600fluoritedepositsin Mongolia
(Jamsran6渉召乙,19861Lkhamsuren,1988)。Fluorite
deposits in eastern Mongolia have been classified by
:Kalenov and Khasin(1965),Konstantinv and Zimina
(1966),Marinov(1980)andFillipova6砿(1984).Jamsran
6厩乙(1986)and Lkhamsuren(1988)have classified all
types of fluorite deposits in Mongolia more mimtely.
Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are of
hydrothermal type,and can be divided into two
groups by their genetical relation to magmatic rocks.
One group has relation to volcanic rocks,an(i the
other to plutonic rocks。The former is classified as
epithermal fluorite deposits and carbonatite hosted
deposits.The latter is classified as bertran(iite一
phenacite-fluorite deposits,albitite,tin-tungsten vein,
tungsten-molyb(1enum vein,greizen and pegmatites
depending on main mineral assemblage. Theclassification is summarized in Table l.
3.2E瞬the瓢a旦撫瓠ted.e夢osit Epithermal fluorite deposit is the only economical
deposit type in Mongolia at present。Quartz and
fluorite are major minerals.Jamsranε臨乙(1986)and
Lkhamsuren(1988)distinguished five nゴneral assemblage
types of epithermal f1口orite deposits based on major
minerals in the ore body.The types are L quartz-
fluorite,2: calcite-quartz-fluorite,3: barite-quartz-
fluorite,4: a(iuralia-quartz-fluorite and 5: sulfide-
quartz-fluorite. Quartz-fluorite type is the most
dominant in occurrence.Most of calcite-quartz-fluorite
type was formed by hydrothermal metasomatism of
一310一
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Table l Classification of fluorite deposits in Mongolia.
Deposittype Shapeofdepos孟tMineralassemblage Representative
deposit
Geneticalrelated
rock
radiometric
age(Ma)Mainminerals Minorminerals
1 Epithermalfluorite
deposit
vembrecciate(1
disseminated
iぼegular
metasomadcbody
lense
Qtz,FlKaQ,Cal,Adu,
Fe-Mn-oxide
Berkh Delger㎞aan
Khar二Airag AdagBor-Ond6r Orgδn Alkalinebasalt
Highpotassium
trackybasalt
tarackyrhyolite
Highalkaline
differenciatedftom
basalt-tracky
rhyoliteseries
131-116
Ca1,Qtz,Fl Py,Se,Adu,Chp,Sid
Zuun-Tsagaan-Del
Chuluut-Tsagaan-Del
B両gar Khongor
Bar,Qtz,F1 Py,Gln,Ca1 Gal-shar
Adu,Qtz,Fl Kao,Ca1,Fe-Mnoxide Dojir
Slf,Qtz,F1Py,Gln,Sph,Tet,Cin,
Dik,ChpIdermeg-Bayan-Khaan
2Fluoritedepositin
carbonatitehost
veln
disseminated
instock
Ap,Mgt,F1Fd,Ca1,Bar,Cel,Qtz,
DoMushugai-Khudag
Alkaline
ultramaficrock153-136
Qtz,Ca∀Ce1,F1 B肛,Ank,Bst,Phg
3Bertran(iite-Phenacite一
負uoritedeposit
disseminated
irregu1訂Qtz,F,Brd,Ph,FI Br1,Py Dulaan-OvOQ
Highalkaline
granidCin往USiOn154-180
4 Albititedisseminated
irregular
Ab,Qtz,Fし,Mc,
Nboxide,Bst
Ta-Nb-TiGxide,Cてy,11m,Cbt,
Tt,Pyc,Zr,Arf,Rbe,Lpd
Altan-Boom
Buura1-KhangaiAlkalinegranitoid
5
Mo-Wdeposit 9「elzen
vemstockwork
Qtz,W,Mo,FlBrl,Mc,Tpz,Py,Gln,
Sph,Bi
Eguzer
Ikh-khair-khan Granite
Alaskite
126-210
W-Sndeposit Qtz,W,Cas,FlTpz,Zin,Sch,Py,Gln,
Sph,Bi
Baga-gazariin-chuluu
Modoto175-205
6 Pegmatite
1enticular
columnar
vem
Mc,Qtz,F1 Mica,Ab,Tm,Tpz,BrlGory㎞o
Zuun-bayanGranite 205-220
〔abbreviation〕Ab:albite,Adu:a(iuralia,Ank:ankerite,Ap:apatite,Arf二arfvedsonite,Barl barite,Bi:bismuthinite,Brd:bertrandite,BrL bery1,Bst:bastnacite,
Cas:cassiterite,Ca1:calcite,Cbt:columbite,Cell celestite,Cinl cimabar,Chp:chalcopyrite,Cry:cryolite,Dik:dickite,Do:dolomite,Fd:feldspar,F1:fluorite,
Glnl galena,Ilml ilmenite,Kao:kaolinite,恥d:1epidolite,Mc:microcline,Mgt:magnetite,Mo:molybdenite,Pyc:pyrochlore,Ph:phenacite,Phg:phlogopite,
Py:pyrite,Qtz:quartz,Rbe:riebeckite,Sch:scheelite,Se:sericite,Si(1:siderite,Slf:sulfi(ie,Sph:sphalerite,Tet:terahedrite,Tm:tou㎝aline,Tpz:topaz,
Tt:tantalite,W二wolframite,Zin:zinnwaldite,Zrl zircon
limestone.Fluorite content in ore of these types is36
to64%,and exceptionally very high grade,90.0-98.5
%,at Berkh deposit.
The deposits occur as veins,irregular and lense-
like shape,and in brecciated and disseminated zone.
The vein deposits are dominant in occurrence.The
veinsarelto30mthickand30to1300mlong,exceptionally3000mlongatBor、Ond6rdeposit.
Otherwise60-70mthickveinswereobservedatKhongor an(i Bujgar deposits. Host rocks are
precambrian schists,proterozoic limestones,paleozoic
granites,mesozoic basalts,rhyolites,basaltic and
rhyolitic tuffs.For example,the deposits are Iong
fluorite veins in granite at Berkh(Fig.2),several
veins in basalt and andesite at Zuun-Tsagaan-Del
(Fig.3),large veins in volcanogenic rocks at Bor-
Ond6r(Fig.4),ore bo(lies in volcano-tectonic structure
at Khongor(Fig.5)and metasomatic bodies and lense-
1ike shape at Bujgar.Ratios of quartz to fluorite,
two main minerals,vary in a wide range.Quartz
commonly occurs as chalcedony・like,fine・grained or
columnar crystals.Fluorite in ore is frequently coarse-
grained,massive,columnar,rarely fine-grained an(i
microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline.Fluorite occurs
in various colors,for example,violet,dark violet,
green and bluish-green.Fluorite in late stage has a
pale color or is colorless.The formation temperature
of all types o:f fluorite is270to l20℃based on the fluid
inclusion study.Ra(1iometric age of the epithermal
fluorite deposits varies from l31to l16Ma(Kandinov
and Dobrolyubov,!984).The representative deposits
are Berkh,Khar-Airag,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Bor-Onddr,Org6n,Chuluut-Tsagaan-De1,Khongor,Gal-
shar,Dojir and Tsagaan-elgen.
3.3F旦服磁te晶e夢osit量ncarbon&tite恥ost
The carbonatite hosted deposits were(iiscovered
in southem Mongolia(Baskina and Volchanskaya,
1976).The deposits occur as veins,in disseminated
zone,stock and cone dyke.The vein deposits are
dominant in occurrence.Based on the major mineral
assemblage,they can be distinguished into two kinds
of veinsl1)fluorite-apatite・magnetite-quartz,2)fluorite-
calcite or celestite-quartz which are accompanied
with feldspar,barite,dolomite,ankerite,bastnasite,
phlogopite as minor minerals.They are5to70m in
lengthand3to30minthickness.Fluoritecontentis30-40%in ore.The veins are related to alkaline
intrusive rocks or syenites. Radiometric a喜e of
alkaline volcano-plutonic complex is l53to135Ma
(Kovalenkoα磁,19761Baskina6渉認,1978)。Therepresentative deposit is Mushugai-Khudag.
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Fig.2Geological map of Berkh deposit(:Khrapov6オ4よ,1977).1-2:Permian granite(11Biotite-homblende
porphyritic granite,2=Coarse biotite granite),3-61Dike(3:Aplitic granite,4:Quartz porphyry,5:Di-
abase porphyry,6:Gabbro to diorite),7:Fluorite vein,8:Boundary of granite phase,9:Fault.
3.4Bertran([ite一のhena,cite-fluorite deposit
Bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite(ieposits are foun(i in
central Mongolia(Kostyrev6砲乙,19771Korytov6麺乙,
1978).Theyareveinswithupto1.5mthickness,andlocated in a fractured zone with a few ten meters
length and up to10m thickness in the exocontact of the
early Mesozoic subalkaline granite massifs.Main
minerals are quartz,feldspar,bertrandite,phenacite
and fluorite,and minor minerals are beryl and pyrite.
The maximum content of fluorite in ore is30%。The
fluorite is richer in feldspar-fluorite veins with
phenacite.Althoμgh bertrandite is a characteristic
mineral for this deposit type,it is not found today.
Radiometric age of the deposits varies from154to
l80Ma(Kotov6砲よ,1979).
3.5Albitite
Metasomatic albitite formation related to alkaline
granite and syenite is confined to activated(ieep faults
in Iate Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.The albitite is
characterized by high content of Y,Zr,Nb,Ta,Be,
Sn and REE,which may be included in pyrochlore,
zircon,columbite and cryolite with bastnasite and
fluorite(Yashina,1975,1982)。Zonal albitite wasformed as a result of multistage post-magmatic activities.
Main minerals are albite,quartz,fluorite,microcline
and bastnasite,and minor minerals are cryolite,lepi-
dolite,ilmenite,columbite,tantalite,riebeckite,
arfvedsonite and so on。Representative occurrences
are Buura1-Khangai and Aaltan-Boom.
3.6Mo-W and W-Sn de夢osit
Rare metal-bearing fluorite depositsassociated
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early Cretaceous(basalt,andesite,andesitic basalt),2:Breccias of rhyolite,trachy rhyolite and quartz
porphyry,3:Quratz-fluorite vein(sometimes with calcite),41Brecciated and intensive argi11ized zone with
veinlets disseminated fluorite mineralization,5:Ankerite-siderite-calcite vein,6:Fracture zone,7:Dip
angle of vein and fault,8:Number of ore body.
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Fig.4 Schematic vertical cross section of Bor-Ond6r
deposit(Koshelev,1985).1-21Upper Jurassic to lower
Cretaceous rock (1: Basalt and andesite,2=Basalbreccia),3:Lower Permian quartz porphyry・and tuff,4:
Quartz-fluorite vein,51Argillize(1zone,6:Fault,7=Bore hole。
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Fig.5Geological scheme of volcano-tectonic fluorite・bearing structure of Khongor deposit(Batjargal6緬乙,
1979)。1-4:Upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous volcanogenic formation,(11Lava and dike of trachy
rhyolite or quartz latite,2:Dacite and dacitic porphyrite,3:Trachy andesitic agglomerate and trachy
andesite,4:Lava and tuff breccia of basalt or andesite),5:Precambrian mica-argillic schists with
limestone interlayers,6=Quatemary sediment,7:Secondary quartzite,8:Fluorite ore body,9:Kaolinite
distribution area,10:Felsic dike and subvolcanic intrusion,11:Mafic dike,12:Fault and fracture.
with molybdenum-tungsten and tungsten-tin
mineralization occur as greisen or veins.Ivanova
(1972, !976) studied geology, mineralogy and
geochemistry of fluorite-bea血g Mo-W and W-Sn
deposits in eastem Mongolia.Typical deposits are
Eguzer,Baga-gazariin-chuluu,Ikh-Klhairkhan,Elstei,
Buren-Tsogt,Tumen-Tsogt and Modoto.Especially
in Eguzer Mo-W deposit,fluorite is concentrated in
greizen,vein an(i shatter zone.In this(ieposit fluorite
crystallized in two stages.In the early stage fluorite
was formed at460-220℃in association with quartz,
wolframite,bery1,molybdenite and topaz.In the late
stage fluorite was formed at200-100℃with chlorite,
pyrite,calcite an(i siderite.Ore-bearing greisens an(i
greisenedgrar丘teporphyriesare400-500mindiameter
and30-40minthickness.Quartz-wolframiteveinsin
homfelsare70-80minlengthandO.1-0.6minwidth.
3.7 Pegmatite
Mesozoic granitoids containing fluorite in pegmatite
are located in near-margin part of eastem Mongolian
volcanic belt.These pegmatites are mainly composed
of quartz and feldspar,and accompanied with fluorite,
topaz,beryl,tourmaline,albite,biotite an(1magnetite。
They frequently have a symmetric zonal structure。
The formation temperature of fluorite is250-130℃
an(i rarely480-250℃for early stage.Representative
deposits are Gorykho,Zuun-Bayan,Janchivlan and
Bayan-Tsogt.
4. Prodl賦ct五〇聡0££互盟or童te
Eastem and central parts of Mongolia are more
productive for economical fluorite(ieposits.Especially
in the mesozoic volcanic belt of eastem Mongolia,Iarge fluorite deposits such as Bor-Ond6r,Adag,Ber㎞,
Delgerkhaan,Zuun-Tsagaan-Del,Chuluut-Tsagaan-Deland Orgδn are located(Table2,Fig.1).
The total reserve of fluorite in Mongolia amounts
to l8.4million tons.The reserve ranks fifth in the
一・314一
FJ麗07動646ρos露s乞%ノ厚o%go露6z6乙んhごz窺sz6名6η6渉ごzl.ノ)
Table2Main fluorite deposits in Mongolia
Lα7884ゆosむ (proved reserve of about2-20血11ion tons)
1.Bor-Ond6r
2,Adag
3.Ber㎞
4。Delgerkhaan
5.Zuun-Tsagaan-DeI
l:8躍ut-Tsagaan層De1
S脚ZZ4εpos鉱
1.Khar-Airag
2。Tsagaan-elgen
3.Khamar-Us
4.Tsagaan-Takhilch
5.Doj廿
6.Kh勾uu-Ulaan
7.Saikhan-Uu1
8.Baruun-Tsagaan-De1
9.Chimid
10.Shuvuutai
11.Bor-tolgoi
12.Ga1-shar
13.猛uviin-Ovgor
14。]Khongor
15.Main㎞ant
16.B両gar
Epithennal vein type deposit
}Epithe一田metas・m飢icdep・sit
(prove(i reserve of about O.2-2.O n1丘11ion tons)
Epithem飢veintypedeposit
}Epithe一一etas・m飢icdep・sit
world.Fluorite is one of the lea(iing economic
minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and
coal in Mongolia.The first production of fluorite
began at Berkh deposit in l954.In the middle19707s,
the joint enterprise of Soviet Union and Mongolia,
Mongolsovsvetmet,has been published,and Mongolo-
Czechoslovak has followe(i in l980。They account for
a large ratio of fluorite production in Mongolia.The
total annual pro(iuction of fluorite reached527,000t
in l995(Table3).Fluorite is mined by opencut and
gallery.The opencut produces63%of the total ores.
At present Bor-On(iδr,Adag,Bujgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-
De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Org6n and Delgerkhaan、(1eposits
are in commercial production.Further exploration ineach mine is being carried.out.Bor-Ondδr is the biggest
mining and processing complex(Damdinsuren,1995).
Table3 Production of fluorite of Mongolia(NationalEconomy of Mongolia,1984,1990,1995)。
year 1000t
1960 40.3
1965 49.6
1970 76.9
1975 290.6
1980 603.5
1985 786.8
1990 512.1
1995 527.0
5. Co壼c亘聡s置o醜s
Fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals
the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and coal in
Mongolia.There are more than600fluorite deposits
in Mongolia.Especially eastem and central parts of
Mongolia are important for economical fluoritedeposits.Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are
hydrothermal type,and canbe divided into two groups
based on their genetical relation to magmatic rocks.
One group has relation-to volcanic rocks,and the other
toplutonicrocks.Theformerisclassifiedinepithemalfluorite deposit and carbonatite hosted nuorite deposit.
The Iatter is classified in bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite,
albitite,Mo/Sn-Wand pegmatite deposit.
The reserve of fluorite of Mongolia ranks fifth in
the worl(i.The total annual production of f1Uorite
reached527,000t in1995.At present Bor一()nd6r,Ad3g,
Bujgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Orgδn and
Delgerkhaan deposits are in commercial production,
一315一
B麗llαわz〔ゾ孟hθGεologづ6αl S麗7⑳θッρ∫ノ41)αη,Vり1.49,〈b.6,ヱ998
an(i further exploration is being carried out.Bor-
Ond6r is the biggest mining and processing complex.
Ack聾,ow且edgem銀t:The authers aregrateful to Ms.M.
Higuchi and Dr。Y.Sakamaki oftheJapanIhtemational
Cooperation Agency for translating Japanese into
Mongolian and Mongolian/Russian into Englishrespectively.We also thank Dr.Y.Kanazawa of the
Geological survey of Japan for detailed comments as
reviewer,Dr.S.Murao and H.Hirano oftheGeological
survey of Japan for helpful suggestions。
Re歪ere醜ces
Baskina,V.A.and Volchanskaya,1.K.(1976)
New type of rare metal mineralization in
the southem Mongolia related with alkaline
volcanicrocks.P伽z3げ、46碗翻夕げS6伽66s 6ゾσSS1~,228,670-672(in Russian).
Baskina,V.A.,Volchanskaya,1.K.,Gmdsambuu,
Ts.and Nikitina,1.N.(1978)Celestine min-
eralization of southem Mongolia.Pzo6684初gs げ云h6 乙GS:ネ~ノ10α46ηz夕 (1ゾSo乞6%66s, (380109づαzl
s67勿s,5,96-105(in Russian).
Batjarga1,Sh.and Lkhamsuren,J。(1987) Ore
structure of deposits of epithermal fluorspar
ore-formation in Mongolia。Soづ.丁名襯s.6ゾ
πづ%6名召lo9ズoα1〃z6s6z6盟z(ゾ云h6ノぜo%golゑ召.Poそy一
渉hθo.動s読痂ε,9,16-39(in Russian).
Batjarga1,Sh.,Lkhamsuren,J.,Tumenbayar,B. and Shiiter,N.(1982)Geologic-stmctural and
mineralogica1-geochemical features of fluo-
rite mineralization in territory of the MPR
and仕しeir practical signi丘cance.∫‘撫ゆz6あh初フ7,
2(39),6-14,U伽励α磁7(in Mongolia with
Russian abstract).
Batjarga1,Sh.,Shiiter,N.and Lkhamsuren,J.(1979)
Fluorite-bearing volcano-tectonic structute.
“Khongor”in central Mongolia.S6づ.丁名襯s.
躍o多zgol.S孟ごz彪乙秒zぎzノ.,2(68),37-47(in Russian).
BatjargaI,Sh.,Tumenbayar,B.,Lkhamsuren,J.and
Shiiter,N.(1985)Typomorphismoffluoritefrom
endogenic mesozoicdeosits of east Mongolial
probrems of geology and metallogeny of
eastem Mongolia.P706.6ゾ1刀S6ガ.Co塚げ Khε窺1¢%.Gεol.αゆ¢4痂o%,127-138,U伽舶αα如7
(in Russian).
Damdinsuren,M.(1995)Mongolia’s Mineral Re-
sources And Mineral Industry.∠4s加∫o%7照1
げ昭痂9,臨y/」懸e1995,26-31.
Fillipova,1.B.,Suetenko,0.D.and Khasin,R.A.
(1984)Mesozoic paleogeodynamic situations
and some features of metallogeny of eastem
Mongolia.G60109夕観4〃’魏雇R6soκ膨sげ 〃’oπgol襯P60卿ンsR6カκ1砒,亘夏,27-46,〃losoo躍
(in Russian).
Frikh-Khar,D.1.and Volchanskaya,1.K.(1982)
Relations of the fluorite and rare-earth
mineralization in Mongolia.皿釧柳.五4Gα).
/1ゐsオπz(7孟s.Tわぎ1乞sσ。,p.225.
Jamsran,M.,Lkhamsuren,J.,LObolensky,A.A.,
Badamgarav,J.,Batjargal,Sh.,Lbolenskaya,
R.V。,Tumenybayar,B.and Shitter,N.(1986)
Metallogeny of Mongolia l FLUORITE.伽伽勿 α〆G6010gy σ%4 (360/)h夕sズ6s. S狛67」σ多z 4づzノゑsズo%
。40αゴ.(ゾS6乞USS1~.Rのπ’ηt,9,1-48(in Russian)
Janshin,A.L.(α豆ef Ed.)(1989)Geological formation
map of Mongolian Poeple’s Republic,1:
1500000.∠40躍6吻α翫%肋,〃ros60”.
Ivanova(1972)Geochemicalcon磁廿onsoffoma百on of wolframite deposits.〃Fos60卿,“翫魏召”,
152p.(in Russian).
Ivanova(1976)Mineralogy and geochemistry of the tmgsten deposits of Mongolia.〃’osoo躍,
“翫z6hゲ,260p.(in Russian).
Kalenov,A.D.and Khasin,R.A.(1965)Age and
some natural distribution and prospective of
fluorite mineralization in eastem Mongolia.
1.So漉紹6010劇,4,36-48(inRussian).
Kandinov,M.N.and Dobrolyubov,V.A.(1984)
Natural distribution and prospective fluorite-
bearing ofeastem andcentral Mongolia.(セo⑳
伽嗣伽6癬他SO縦6Sげ乃40%gol伽P60卿奪 R砂zの1廊,II,〃’os60zθ,165-176(in Russian).
Khrapov,A.A。,Zimina,N.A.,Konstatinov,N.
F.and Kalita,E.D.(1977) FLUORSPAR.
G60108夕硯4雌彫名81ノ~6SO縦6Sげ』40%gol襯
P60卿クSノ~吻61私皿,餓%脚1吻OS魏,κOS60ω.
〈セ4昭,493-552(in Russian).
Kishimoto,F。(1982)Fluorite deposits in Mongolia.
Chゑsh舜z6%6名os,329,25-34(in Japanese).
Konstantinov,N.F.and Zimina,N.A.(1966)About
economic-genetical types of:fluorite deposits
of Mongolia.〃碗吻砒ゾ060Jo野φ〃lo%gol翻 P60墾り16奪ム~勿z661乞CノレZos60ω,161-167(in Russian).
Korytov,F.Ya.,Kandinov,M.N.,Khrapov,A.A.and
Dobrolyubov,V.A.(1980)Staged development
and zonality of mineral formation on some
fluorite deposits of eastem Mongolia.G6010野
翻面伽粥1刀砂OS髭Sげ』40%gol宛,1,沼40SOO2〃,
“〈セ4矧”,172-175(in Russian)。
Korytov,F.Ya.,Khrapov,A.A.andKandinov,M.N.
(1978)About phenacite-fluorite mineralization
of Mongolia.P妙6zsげz40擁翻夕げSo魏66sげ 乙8S:去~,242,190-191(in Russian).
Koshelev,Ju.Ya.(1985) Epithennal fluohte(ieposits
of eastem Mongolian volcar丘c belt..〈吻os獅醜
“.〈セ4z召”,1-135(in Russian).
Kostyrev,N.F.,Sengee,D.and Volkov,L.S. (1977)First discovery of fluorite-bertrandite-
phenacite ore-formation in the territory of
Mongolia.“κh惚襯娩初”,4,14-16(in Russian).
Kotov,P.A.,Sambalkhundev,Ts。and Kotova, A.1.(1979)In position about age of fluorite
一316一
Flz607髭6461)os露sづπノ匠o%901毎6乙hh召ηzsz6名召7z6置α1.ノ
deposits of Mongolian-Transbaikalian fluorite
province.G60109加100館s加6あo御擁翫加召l
D魏ガ傭魏げDのOS髭3げ1吻07伽渉〃伽翻1 五~6soz6名66ε」%孟h67セ77%o勿y(ゾノ匠o%801毎多z P6ρ汐16奪
R砂z661づ6,ノ砿osoozo,142-151(in Russian).
Kovalenko,V.1.,Vladykin,N.V.and Konusova,
V.V.(1976)An occurrence of concentrated
rare earth mineralization in southem part of
Govi desert.P砂6鴬げz40α46ηzly6ゾSo彪%66sげ
USSR,23(》,209-213(in Russian).
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the fluorite occurrences in eastem Mongolia.
25差h/OC.ノ16s加z6応,Canberra,3,810-811.
Lkhamsuren,J.(1984)Conditions and mechanism o:f the:fluid inclusions formation in different
genesis fluorite in the territory of the MPR.
2πhノ㏄.∠4δs劒6な.〃iosoo躍,5,97-98(in Russian).
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U乙磁励磁如7,1-354(in Russian,unpublished).
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changes of fluorite crystal morphology in
endogenic deposits of the Mongolia.S6魏差旗
Tzα7zsα6だoη (≧プノ匠づ7zε7ごzJo9づαzlノ匠z6sθz6窺 (≧プオh8
〃Fo%gol乞伽S嬬6砺初.,UZ磁励磁如7,5,75-85 (in Russian).
Lkhamsuren,J.,Ba匂argal Sh.and Shitter,N.(1979)
Temperature conditions ofthefluoritefo㎜ation
in Klhongor(ieposit according to the study of
gas-1iqui(i inclusions in Huorite crystals.S6吻肱
助6鴬6ゾ〃碗gol宛ηS鰯6砒吻.,UZ磁励磁云醐 2,87-96(in Russian).
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fluorite deposits in eastem Mongolia.So∂獅
G6010gy,9,’164-167(in Russian).
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eastem Mongolia.1.G6010劇げOz6D6ヵo麟, 2,99-103(in Russian).
M.M.A.J.(1991)Geology and ore deposits in
Mongolia.・4δzoα4加嬬,105,46P.(in Japanese).
M.M.A.J.(1993)Mongolia’s mineral resources
and the potentia1.ノ1670召4ノ匠力zづ%9ノ勿わ7ηzαあo多z,
268,25-37(in Japanese).
National Economy ofthe Mongolia(1984)Central
Statistical Board of the Mongolia。S翅魏6αl
Col乙6痂oη初ヱ984.U乙磁励磁如7.
National Economy of the Mongolia(1990)Central
Statistical Board of the Mongolia.S翅翻oα1
001♂66房o盟初ヱ990,UZ磁励磁如7.
National Economy of the Mongolia(1995)Central
Statistical Board of the Mongolia.S翅ゑsオ初l
Coll60吻%初ヱ995,Ul磁幼磁如7.
Naumov,V.B.andIvanova,G.F.(1975)Themob頒c conditions of fluorite formation in wolframite
deposits.∫.G600h6盟砿sオ勿〉.ノ10召46ηz夕(~プSo乞6%66
oゾUSS1~,〃los60卿,3,387-400(in Russian).
Ontoev,D.0.,Kandinov,M.N.and Korytov,F.
Ya.(1977) About temperature of mineral
forming of apatite-fluorite-rare earth elements
mineralization of southem Mongolia.P砂薦
ρん46躍翻夕げSo勧66sげUS駅,234,1164-1166
(inRussian).
Ontoev,D.O.,Luvsandanzan,B.and Gmdsambuu Ts.(1979a)Geological structure an(i endogenous
mineralization of Mushugai fluorite-rareearth
deposit(Mongolia).∫。G6010gげOz6Z)のos彦,
XXI,27-42(in Russian).
Ontoev,D.0.,Kandinov,M.N.,:Korytov,F.Ya.
and Gundsambuu Ts.(1979b)Temperatural
conditions of formation of fluorine-REE-iron
oredepositS.β襯6勲名徽6忽sげ伽409吻6 0名6-Fo槻読oηP70663s,!〉io∂os弼醜,“地%肋”
1,199-206(in Russian).
Shuvalov,V.F。,Avrov,D。P.and Yackobson,L.N.
(1980)On the age of fluorite mineralization
of the eastem Mongolia.G6010劇伽4〃伽徽l
D砂os髭3ゲ〃io%go娠1,〃loso伽,“.〈㎞ゴフ,161-171
(in Russian).
Tumenbayar,B.,Lkhamsuren,J。,Ganbat,D.,
Bershov,L。V,and Speransky,A.V.(1986)
Distribution investigation of ferromagnetic
ions-Mn2+and Gd3+in fluorite of Mongolia l
problems ofgeology of Mongolia.乃観s雄歪on
o∫G60109吻1動s伽彪げ乃40%gol翻・46励遡 げSoづ6%66,6,198-214(in Russian).
Tumenbayar,B.(1987)Geochemistry and typo-
morphism of fluorspar of the Mongolia.
P励1吻オ加劾鷹・40魏脚S6吻06げ妬0刀80磁銘
P60φ1禽1~ゆ励耽.U伽励伽繊174p.(in Russian).
Voinkov,D。M.and Lkhamsuren,J.(1986)The
stage development and temparature regime
of fluorite deposits:formation of the ore-knot
Berkh of Mongolia.ハ伽6z召lo野げ7初ψ0魏吻%.
Pzの1ズ4召ガoη鼠)z6s6“Z)o多z乞sh’ン,7,Z)z6sh6z多z6己58-67
(in Russian).
Volchanskaya,L K。and Korytov,F.Ya(1980)D㏄p-
seated faults in central and eastem Mongolia
an(i distribution of fluorite mineralizaton.
P706664勿zgs6ゾ孟h6 乙6S猶~∠1αz46仰z夕6ゾS6ズ6アzo召s,
G60109蜘ls6吻s,10,123-132(inRussian).
Yashina,R.M.(1975)Alkaline formation arched
uplift-block regions and their metallogenic
peculiarities.R6gz〆σ7ズあ6s6ゾノ匠づアz6名召l Z)6/)os露3
Z)乞sオ吻魏o%,XI,〃los60卿,“漁%肋”,134-154
(in Russian).
Yashina,R.M.(1982)Alkaline magmatism of folding-block regions.ノ匠osoo多o,“ノ〉4z6をゴ’,274P.
(in Russian)
Received February18,1998
Accepted March18,1998
一317一
Bz6116房銘6ゾ孟h6G60109づαzl S%7∂βy(~プノ吻)召%,yと)乙49,ハ五〇.61ヱ998
モンゴルの螢石鉱床の概要
J.Lkhamsuren・濱崎聡志
要 旨
モンゴルでは,蛍石は銅・モリブデン・金・石炭と同様に主要な鉱物資源の一つであり,蛍石の埋蔵
量は世界第5位である.モンゴルには600以上の蛍石鉱床が存在し,特に国内東部と中央部は経済的価
値の高い蛍石鉱床に関して重要である.モンゴルの蛍石鉱床はほとんど熱水成であり,関係火成岩によ
って2種類に分けられる.一つは火山岩に,もう一つは深成岩に関連している.前者は浅熱水成鉱床と
カーボナタイト中の鉱床,後者はベルトランダイトーフェナサイトー蛍石,アルビタイト,Mo/Sn-W
そしてペグマタイトの各鉱床である.1995年の蛍石生産量は527000トンであった.現在では,Bor-
Ond6r,Adag,Bulgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaar卜Elger㌧Org6n,Delgerkhaanの各鉱床が開発され,
さらに探査活動も行われている.このうちBor-Ond6r鉱床からの生産量が最も多い.
一318一