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10
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL49(6),p.309-318,1998 Notes F且齢r脆e魂e脚s旛睡M⑪醜9⑪齢g蹴o就且醜 Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN*and Satoshi HAMAsAKI** Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN and Satoshi HAMAsAKI(1998)Fluorite depos B銘泥060乙sz67∂.ノψα7z,vol.49(6),P.309-318,5figs.,3tables. an outline. Aもstract:Fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals the s gold and coal in Mongolia.The reserve of fluorite of Mongolia ranks more than600fluorite deposits in Mongolia.Especially eastem and important for economical fluorite deposits.Most of the fluori hydrothermal type,and can be divided into two groups by their gen rocks.One group has relation to volcanic rock,and the other to pl classified in epithermal fluorite deposit and fluorite(1eposit in classified in bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite,albitite,Mo/Sn-W and annual production of fluorite reached527,000t in1995.At present Bo Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Org6n an(1Delgerkhaan deposits are further exploration is being carrie(l out.Bor-Ond6r is the biggest mi 1.豆慮ro撫ctio聾 In Mongolia,fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and coa1.Mongoliaフs production of fluorite is about l5% in the world(MMAJ,1993)。In Mongolia,fluorite was used to prevent decay of milk before,and nowadays it is mainly used for production of aluminum,iron, hy(lrofluoric aci(1,specia191ass and special optical glass.The first fluorite deposit in Mongolia was found in1933,and the first economical fluorite deposit,Dojiru,in1939.After the World War II, several economic cooperations with Soviet Union and China promoted the exploration and discovery of many fluorite (ieposits in central an(1 eastern Mongolia(Kishimoto,1982)。 General descriptions of fluorite deposits in Mongolia were reported by Marinov(1958,1980), Kalenov and Khasin(1965),Konstantinov an(l Zimina (1966),Kovalenko αα乙(1976),Khrapov6渉召乙(1977), Ontoev6オαよ(1977),Kotovαα1.(1979),Ontoev(3渉召1。 (1979a),Volchanskaya and Korytov(1980),Shuvalov α磁(1980),Batjargalα認(1982,1985),Kan(iinov and Dobrolyubov(1984),Koshelev(1985)and Jamsran 6雄よ(1986). Mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of fluorite deposits in Mongolia have been studiedby Lkhamsuren and Batjarga1(1975),Naumov apd Ivanova(1975), Lkhamsuren(1976,1984,1988),Lkhamsuren6渉召乙 *Mongolian Tec㎞cal University,Ulaanbaatar-46,Mongolia **Mineral and Fuel Resources Department,GSJ (1979),Ontoev α 6zよ (!979b),Korytov 6オ6zよ Frikh-Khar and Volchanskaya(1982),T (1986),Voinkov and Lkhamsuren(1986 (1987)and Batjargal and Lkhamsuren(19 In this paper,we review classification teristics of fluorite deposits in M based on mineral assemblage and ore ge 2.0聡t㎞e of geo且ogy a脳丑geo且ogical str眼ct慰e o Mongolia is situated in the foldin the Siberian and North China Platfor 1989).The folding zone was formed by se mo〉ements in Precambrian and Paleo consists of ophiolite,high-pressure m granitic intrusions,arctic volcanic ro large-scale strike-slip faults.The age and granitoids become younger area.Therefore,the folding zone is acc which was formed by subduction of and island arc to Siberian Plate(MM eastem part of Mongolia,many volcan rocks of Jurassic to Cretaceous are als Mongolia is rich in many kinds of mine Many fluorite deposits are distribut central and eastem parts of Mongoli fluorite mineralization of late Jura Cretaceous is important for econo deposits(MMAJ,1993). Keywords:Fluorite deposits,Mongolia,ea parts,hydrothermal type,volcanic rocks, 一309一

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Page 1: F且齢r脆e魂e脚s旛睡M⑪醜9⑪齢g蹴o就 ... - gsj.jp · Chuluut-Tsagaan-Del B両gar Khongor Bar,Qtz,F1 Py,Gln,Ca1 Gal-shar Adu,Qtz,Fl Kao,Ca1,Fe-Mnoxide

Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,voL49(6),p.309-318,1998

Notes

F且齢r脆e魂e脚s旛睡M⑪醜9⑪齢g蹴o就且醜

Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN*and Satoshi HAMAsAKI**

Jargalyn LKHAMsuREN and Satoshi HAMAsAKI(1998)Fluorite deposits in Mongolia●B銘泥060乙sz67∂.ノψα7z,vol.49(6),P.309-318,5figs.,3tables.

an outline.

Aもstract:Fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,

gold and coal in Mongolia.The reserve of fluorite of Mongolia ranks fifth in the world.There are

more than600fluorite deposits in Mongolia.Especially eastem and central parts of Mongolia are

important for economical fluorite deposits.Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are

hydrothermal type,and can be divided into two groups by their genetical relation to magmatic

rocks.One group has relation to volcanic rock,and the other to plutonic rock.The former is

classified in epithermal fluorite deposit and fluorite(1eposit in carbonatite host.The latter is

classified in bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite,albitite,Mo/Sn-W and pegmatite deposit。The total

annual production of fluorite reached527,000t in1995.At present Bor-Ond6r,A(1ag,Bujgar,Zuun-

Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Org6n an(1Delgerkhaan deposits are in commercial production,and

further exploration is being carrie(l out.Bor-Ond6r is the biggest mining and processing complex.

1.豆慮ro撫ctio聾

 In Mongolia,fluorite is one of the leading economic

minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and

coa1.Mongoliaフs production of fluorite is about l5%

in the world(MMAJ,1993)。In Mongolia,fluorite was

used to prevent decay of milk before,and nowadays

it is mainly used for production of aluminum,iron,

hy(lrofluoric aci(1,specia191ass and special optical

glass.The first fluorite deposit in Mongolia was

found in1933,and the first economical fluorite

deposit,Dojiru,in1939.After the World War II,

several economic cooperations with Soviet Union

and China promoted the exploration and discovery

of many fluorite (ieposits in central an(1 eastern

Mongolia(Kishimoto,1982)。

  General descriptions of fluorite deposits in

Mongolia were reported by Marinov(1958,1980),

Kalenov and Khasin(1965),Konstantinov an(l Zimina

(1966),Kovalenko αα乙(1976),Khrapov6渉召乙(1977),

Ontoev6オαよ(1977),Kotovαα1.(1979),Ontoev(3渉召1。

(1979a),Volchanskaya and Korytov(1980),Shuvalov

α磁(1980),Batjargalα認(1982,1985),Kan(iinov

and Dobrolyubov(1984),Koshelev(1985)and Jamsran6雄よ(1986).

  Mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of fluorite

deposits in Mongolia have been studiedby Lkhamsuren

and Batjarga1(1975),Naumov apd Ivanova(1975),

Lkhamsuren(1976,1984,1988),Lkhamsuren6渉召乙

*Mongolian Tec㎞cal University,Ulaanbaatar-46,Mongolia

**Mineral and Fuel Resources Department,GSJ

(1979),Ontoev α 6zよ (!979b),Korytov 6オ6zよ (1980),

Frikh-Khar and Volchanskaya(1982),Tumenbayar6齢乙

(1986),Voinkov and Lkhamsuren(1986),Tumenbayar

(1987)and Batjargal and Lkhamsuren(1987).

 In this paper,we review classification an(i charac-

teristics of fluorite deposits in Mongolia mainly

based on mineral assemblage and ore genesis.

2.0聡t㎞e of geo且ogy a脳丑geo且ogical str眼ct慰e of Mo聾go藍a

 Mongolia is situated in the folding zone between

the Siberian and North China Platforms (Janshin,

1989).The folding zone was formed by several orogenic

mo〉ements in Precambrian and Paleozoic、The zone

consists of ophiolite,high-pressure metamorphic rocks,

granitic intrusions,arctic volcanic rocks an(l several

large-scale strike-slip faults.The age of metamorphism

and granitoids become younger toward southemarea.Therefore,the folding zone is accretional zone,

which was formed by subduction of oceanic plate

and island arc to Siberian Plate(MMAJ,1991).In

eastem part of Mongolia,many volcanic and granitic

rocks of Jurassic to Cretaceous are also(iistributed.

  Mongolia is rich in many kinds of mineral resources.

Many fluorite deposits are distributed especially in

central and eastem parts of Mongolia(Eig。1)。The

fluorite mineralization of late Jurassic to early

Cretaceous is important for economical fluorite

deposits(MMAJ,1993).

Keywords:Fluorite deposits,Mongolia,eastem and central

parts,hydrothermal type,volcanic rocks,plutonic rocks

一309一

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Bz6116あ%(ゾオh6G60109づαzl Sz67∂βy6ゾノψ召%,Vb乙・49,ハ五〇.6,1998

                                  轟・

                     0 100 200 500㎞                     一

])eposit No. 1

      2

      5

      4

      5

      6

Berkh

Ghimid

1)elgerkha㎝

施maa七

Shuvuu七呂i

1)ojir

910

11

12

エdemeg-bayan一㎞

Khaで一Airag

紬ongo士

恥jgar

Khair七

Tsagam-De1

15

14

1’5

16

17

18

比r一葡δr

遵dag

Khajuu-Ula㎝

Zuun。Tsag姻一⊃e1

田sa8脚口eユgen

Ga1陶8har

19 6rgδn

20   Chuluu七一Tsagaan-Deエ

21  Eguzer

22  頚bdoto

25   工kh-Khairk伽

24   Baga-gazariin-chuluu

25 Mushugai一幽udag

26   A1七an_Boom

27 現1脚一伽oo

28  Go可kho

29   Zuun-Bayan

Fig.1Schematic metallogenic map of fluorite mineralization in Mongolia(modified from Lkhamsuren,

1988).1-4:Premesozoic rocks(L Proterozoic basement in Caledonian folding area,2:Early Paleozoic

basement in Hercynian folding area,3:Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic granite,4:Various ages of

carbonate-chert and carbonate formations),5:Mesozoic rocks(molasse and coal-bearing molasseformations,with some volcanic rocks),6-9:Volcanic rocks(6:Basalt,andesitic basalt,trachy・basalt and

trachy andesite,71Dacite to rhyolite and trachy rhyolite,8:Trachy andesite,trachy rhyolite and andesite

to rhyolite,9:Potassium alkaline basalt),10-15:Intrusive rocks(10:Gabbro,11:Diabase and dolerite,

121Potassium alkaline ultrabasite,13:Potassuim alkaline ultrabasite with carbonatites,14:Alkalinebasaltoid,15:Rocks which are genetically not related with fluorite mineralization in composition and age),

16-21:Fluorite mineralization types(16:Epithermal fluorite(leposit l main mineral assemblage is,a:

quartz-fluorite(1arge and small deposit),b:calcite・quartz-fluorite,c:barite-quartz-fluorite,d:sulfide-

quartz-fluorite an(i e: a(iularia一(1uartz-fluol・ite,17: Fluorite deposit in carbonatite host,18: Fluorite-

bearing albitite,19:Fluorite-bearing pegmatite,20:Mo-W and W-Sn deposit,21:Bertrandite-phenacite-

fluorite deposit),22:Main regional and deep fault,23:Deep fault and fracture zone.

3.F互眼面teδe脚s置tsi盟Mo聖go且i盆

 3.1C亘ass亘f亙cat豊o遡off賊oritede紗os豊ts

 There are morethan600fluoritedepositsin Mongolia

(Jamsran6渉召乙,19861Lkhamsuren,1988)。Fluorite

deposits in eastern Mongolia have been classified by

:Kalenov and Khasin(1965),Konstantinv and Zimina

(1966),Marinov(1980)andFillipova6砿(1984).Jamsran

6厩乙(1986)and Lkhamsuren(1988)have classified all

types of fluorite deposits in Mongolia more mimtely.

Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are of

hydrothermal type,and can be divided into two

groups by their genetical relation to magmatic rocks.

One group has relation to volcanic rocks,an(i the

other to plutonic rocks。The former is classified as

epithermal fluorite deposits and carbonatite hosted

deposits.The latter is classified as bertran(iite一

phenacite-fluorite deposits,albitite,tin-tungsten vein,

tungsten-molyb(1enum vein,greizen and pegmatites

depending on main mineral assemblage. Theclassification is summarized in Table l.

 3.2E瞬the瓢a旦撫瓠ted.e夢osit Epithermal fluorite deposit is the only economical

deposit type in Mongolia at present。Quartz and

fluorite are major minerals.Jamsranε臨乙(1986)and

Lkhamsuren(1988)distinguished five nゴneral assemblage

types of epithermal f1口orite deposits based on major

minerals in the ore body.The types are L quartz-

fluorite,2: calcite-quartz-fluorite,3: barite-quartz-

fluorite,4: a(iuralia-quartz-fluorite and 5: sulfide-

quartz-fluorite. Quartz-fluorite type is the most

dominant in occurrence.Most of calcite-quartz-fluorite

type was formed by hydrothermal metasomatism of

一310一

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Fl%07鉱6461)os露3σ%ノ匠o%80露ごz6乙泥h召窺sz6名6n6渉σ1.ノ

Table l Classification of fluorite deposits in Mongolia.

Deposittype Shapeofdepos孟tMineralassemblage Representative

deposit

Geneticalrelated

rock

radiometric

age(Ma)Mainminerals Minorminerals

1 Epithermalfluorite

deposit

vembrecciate(1

disseminated

iぼegular

metasomadcbody

lense

Qtz,FlKaQ,Cal,Adu,

Fe-Mn-oxide

Berkh Delger㎞aan

Khar二Airag AdagBor-Ond6r Orgδn Alkalinebasalt

Highpotassium

 trackybasalt

tarackyrhyolite

Highalkaline

differenciatedftom

   basalt-tracky

   rhyoliteseries

131-116

Ca1,Qtz,Fl Py,Se,Adu,Chp,Sid

Zuun-Tsagaan-Del

Chuluut-Tsagaan-Del

B両gar Khongor

Bar,Qtz,F1 Py,Gln,Ca1 Gal-shar

Adu,Qtz,Fl Kao,Ca1,Fe-Mnoxide Dojir

Slf,Qtz,F1Py,Gln,Sph,Tet,Cin,

Dik,ChpIdermeg-Bayan-Khaan

2Fluoritedepositin

carbonatitehost

veln

disseminated

instock

Ap,Mgt,F1Fd,Ca1,Bar,Cel,Qtz,

DoMushugai-Khudag

Alkaline

 ultramaficrock153-136

Qtz,Ca∀Ce1,F1 B肛,Ank,Bst,Phg

3Bertran(iite-Phenacite一

負uoritedeposit

disseminated

irregu1訂Qtz,F,Brd,Ph,FI Br1,Py Dulaan-OvOQ

Highalkaline

 granidCin往USiOn154-180

4 Albititedisseminated

irregular

Ab,Qtz,Fし,Mc,

Nboxide,Bst

Ta-Nb-TiGxide,Cてy,11m,Cbt,

Tt,Pyc,Zr,Arf,Rbe,Lpd

Altan-Boom

Buura1-KhangaiAlkalinegranitoid

5

Mo-Wdeposit 9「elzen

vemstockwork

Qtz,W,Mo,FlBrl,Mc,Tpz,Py,Gln,

Sph,Bi

Eguzer

Ikh-khair-khan Granite

Alaskite

126-210

W-Sndeposit Qtz,W,Cas,FlTpz,Zin,Sch,Py,Gln,

Sph,Bi

Baga-gazariin-chuluu

Modoto175-205

6 Pegmatite

1enticular

columnar

vem

Mc,Qtz,F1 Mica,Ab,Tm,Tpz,BrlGory㎞o

Zuun-bayanGranite 205-220

〔abbreviation〕Ab:albite,Adu:a(iuralia,Ank:ankerite,Ap:apatite,Arf二arfvedsonite,Barl barite,Bi:bismuthinite,Brd:bertrandite,BrL bery1,Bst:bastnacite,

 Cas:cassiterite,Ca1:calcite,Cbt:columbite,Cell celestite,Cinl cimabar,Chp:chalcopyrite,Cry:cryolite,Dik:dickite,Do:dolomite,Fd:feldspar,F1:fluorite,

 Glnl galena,Ilml ilmenite,Kao:kaolinite,恥d:1epidolite,Mc:microcline,Mgt:magnetite,Mo:molybdenite,Pyc:pyrochlore,Ph:phenacite,Phg:phlogopite,

 Py:pyrite,Qtz:quartz,Rbe:riebeckite,Sch:scheelite,Se:sericite,Si(1:siderite,Slf:sulfi(ie,Sph:sphalerite,Tet:terahedrite,Tm:tou㎝aline,Tpz:topaz,

 Tt:tantalite,W二wolframite,Zin:zinnwaldite,Zrl zircon

limestone.Fluorite content in ore of these types is36

to64%,and exceptionally very high grade,90.0-98.5

%,at Berkh deposit.

  The deposits occur as veins,irregular and lense-

like shape,and in brecciated and disseminated zone.

The vein deposits are dominant in occurrence.The

veinsarelto30mthickand30to1300mlong,exceptionally3000mlongatBor、Ond6rdeposit.

Otherwise60-70mthickveinswereobservedatKhongor an(i Bujgar deposits. Host rocks are

precambrian schists,proterozoic limestones,paleozoic

granites,mesozoic basalts,rhyolites,basaltic and

rhyolitic tuffs.For example,the deposits are Iong

fluorite veins in granite at Berkh(Fig.2),several

veins in basalt and andesite at Zuun-Tsagaan-Del

(Fig.3),large veins in volcanogenic rocks at Bor-

Ond6r(Fig.4),ore bo(lies in volcano-tectonic structure

at Khongor(Fig.5)and metasomatic bodies and lense-

1ike shape at Bujgar.Ratios of quartz to fluorite,

two main minerals,vary in a wide range.Quartz

commonly occurs as chalcedony・like,fine・grained or

columnar crystals.Fluorite in ore is frequently coarse-

grained,massive,columnar,rarely fine-grained an(i

microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline.Fluorite occurs

in various colors,for example,violet,dark violet,

green and bluish-green.Fluorite in late stage has a

pale color or is colorless.The formation temperature

of all types o:f fluorite is270to l20℃based on the fluid

inclusion study.Ra(1iometric age of the epithermal

fluorite deposits varies from l31to l16Ma(Kandinov

and Dobrolyubov,!984).The representative deposits

are Berkh,Khar-Airag,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Bor-Onddr,Org6n,Chuluut-Tsagaan-De1,Khongor,Gal-

shar,Dojir and Tsagaan-elgen.

 3.3F旦服磁te晶e夢osit量ncarbon&tite恥ost

 The carbonatite hosted deposits were(iiscovered

in southem Mongolia(Baskina and Volchanskaya,

1976).The deposits occur as veins,in disseminated

zone,stock and cone dyke.The vein deposits are

dominant in occurrence.Based on the major mineral

assemblage,they can be distinguished into two kinds

of veinsl1)fluorite-apatite・magnetite-quartz,2)fluorite-

calcite or celestite-quartz which are accompanied

with feldspar,barite,dolomite,ankerite,bastnasite,

phlogopite as minor minerals.They are5to70m in

lengthand3to30minthickness.Fluoritecontentis30-40%in ore.The veins are related to alkaline

intrusive rocks or syenites. Radiometric a喜e of

alkaline volcano-plutonic complex is l53to135Ma

(Kovalenkoα磁,19761Baskina6渉認,1978)。Therepresentative deposit is Mushugai-Khudag.

一311一

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Fig.2Geological map of Berkh deposit(:Khrapov6オ4よ,1977).1-2:Permian granite(11Biotite-homblende

porphyritic granite,2=Coarse biotite granite),3-61Dike(3:Aplitic granite,4:Quartz porphyry,5:Di-

abase porphyry,6:Gabbro to diorite),7:Fluorite vein,8:Boundary of granite phase,9:Fault.

 3.4Bertran([ite一のhena,cite-fluorite deposit

 Bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite(ieposits are foun(i in

central Mongolia(Kostyrev6砲乙,19771Korytov6麺乙,

1978).Theyareveinswithupto1.5mthickness,andlocated in a fractured zone with a few ten meters

length and up to10m thickness in the exocontact of the

early Mesozoic subalkaline granite massifs.Main

minerals are quartz,feldspar,bertrandite,phenacite

and fluorite,and minor minerals are beryl and pyrite.

The maximum content of fluorite in ore is30%。The

fluorite is richer in feldspar-fluorite veins with

phenacite.Althoμgh bertrandite is a characteristic

mineral for this deposit type,it is not found today.

Radiometric age of the deposits varies from154to

l80Ma(Kotov6砲よ,1979).

 3.5Albitite

 Metasomatic albitite formation related to alkaline

granite and syenite is confined to activated(ieep faults

in Iate Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.The albitite is

characterized by high content of Y,Zr,Nb,Ta,Be,

Sn and REE,which may be included in pyrochlore,

zircon,columbite and cryolite with bastnasite and

fluorite(Yashina,1975,1982)。Zonal albitite wasformed as a result of multistage post-magmatic activities.

Main minerals are albite,quartz,fluorite,microcline

and bastnasite,and minor minerals are cryolite,lepi-

dolite,ilmenite,columbite,tantalite,riebeckite,

arfvedsonite and so on。Representative occurrences

are Buura1-Khangai and Aaltan-Boom.

3.6Mo-W and W-Sn de夢osit

Rare metal-bearing fluorite depositsassociated

一312一

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FJz607露64のos露s勿zノ以07z801∫α6乙んhαηzsz6名6%6渉α」.ノ

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Fig.3Geological map of Zuun-Tsagaan-Del deposit(Koshelev,1985).1:Volcanic rocks in late Jurassic to

early Cretaceous(basalt,andesite,andesitic basalt),2:Breccias of rhyolite,trachy rhyolite and quartz

porphyry,3:Quratz-fluorite vein(sometimes with calcite),41Brecciated and intensive argi11ized zone with

veinlets disseminated fluorite mineralization,5:Ankerite-siderite-calcite vein,6:Fracture zone,7:Dip

angle of vein and fault,8:Number of ore body.

卿 SE

1し

コー

1・,式

口・』!/!’

圏2¥!)、

回3

國4

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口6

回7

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Fig.4 Schematic vertical cross section of Bor-Ond6r

deposit(Koshelev,1985).1-21Upper Jurassic to lower

Cretaceous rock (1: Basalt and andesite,2=Basalbreccia),3:Lower Permian quartz porphyry・and tuff,4:

Quartz-fluorite vein,51Argillize(1zone,6:Fault,7=Bore hole。

一313一

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B%lJ6だ%(ゾ孟hεGεoJo9乞(鴻J S%7∂εツ(ゾノ4ρα7z,▽bJ.49,ハ汚o.6,1998

N

V

L L  L

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v

V

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  l v

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  l v/y     ’

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  L    ’ V v/     y        v   ’ V  ’V      -  V      、 1、 鴨’

   レ     こ   V    一/\  /

   ∫  _¥㌧ !\ 1/ 1一、,ノ  1

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¥/

                       レ

       /じvv・ζv lll◇ll.

         へ一’           .一り.∴り一

舘    Sc五㎝a毛icver七icaユcro・sssec七i・n    贋E

匹1・

国7匿]2囮3回4団5図6園息歴19囲・・駆]uF71エ2

Fig.5Geological scheme of volcano-tectonic fluorite・bearing structure of Khongor deposit(Batjargal6緬乙,

1979)。1-4:Upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous volcanogenic formation,(11Lava and dike of trachy

rhyolite or quartz latite,2:Dacite and dacitic porphyrite,3:Trachy andesitic agglomerate and trachy

andesite,4:Lava and tuff breccia of basalt or andesite),5:Precambrian mica-argillic schists with

limestone interlayers,6=Quatemary sediment,7:Secondary quartzite,8:Fluorite ore body,9:Kaolinite

distribution area,10:Felsic dike and subvolcanic intrusion,11:Mafic dike,12:Fault and fracture.

with  molybdenum-tungsten  and  tungsten-tin

mineralization occur as greisen or veins.Ivanova

(1972, !976) studied geology, mineralogy and

geochemistry of fluorite-bea血g Mo-W and W-Sn

deposits in eastem Mongolia.Typical deposits are

Eguzer,Baga-gazariin-chuluu,Ikh-Klhairkhan,Elstei,

Buren-Tsogt,Tumen-Tsogt and Modoto.Especially

in Eguzer Mo-W deposit,fluorite is concentrated in

greizen,vein an(i shatter zone.In this(ieposit fluorite

crystallized in two stages.In the early stage fluorite

was formed at460-220℃in association with quartz,

wolframite,bery1,molybdenite and topaz.In the late

stage fluorite was formed at200-100℃with chlorite,

pyrite,calcite an(i siderite.Ore-bearing greisens an(i

greisenedgrar丘teporphyriesare400-500mindiameter

and30-40minthickness.Quartz-wolframiteveinsin

homfelsare70-80minlengthandO.1-0.6minwidth.

3.7 Pegmatite

Mesozoic granitoids containing fluorite in pegmatite

are located in near-margin part of eastem Mongolian

volcanic belt.These pegmatites are mainly composed

of quartz and feldspar,and accompanied with fluorite,

topaz,beryl,tourmaline,albite,biotite an(1magnetite。

They frequently have a symmetric zonal structure。

The formation temperature of fluorite is250-130℃

an(i rarely480-250℃for early stage.Representative

deposits are Gorykho,Zuun-Bayan,Janchivlan and

Bayan-Tsogt.

4. Prodl賦ct五〇聡0££互盟or童te

 Eastem and central parts of Mongolia are more

productive for economical fluorite(ieposits.Especially

in the mesozoic volcanic belt of eastem Mongolia,Iarge fluorite deposits such as Bor-Ond6r,Adag,Ber㎞,

Delgerkhaan,Zuun-Tsagaan-Del,Chuluut-Tsagaan-Deland Orgδn are located(Table2,Fig.1).

  The total reserve of fluorite in Mongolia amounts

to l8.4million tons.The reserve ranks fifth in the

一・314一

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FJ麗07動646ρos露s乞%ノ厚o%go露6z6乙んhごz窺sz6名6η6渉ごzl.ノ)

Table2Main fluorite deposits in Mongolia

Lα7884ゆosむ (proved reserve of about2-20血11ion tons)

1.Bor-Ond6r

2,Adag

3.Ber㎞

4。Delgerkhaan

5.Zuun-Tsagaan-DeI

l:8躍ut-Tsagaan層De1

S脚ZZ4εpos鉱

    1.Khar-Airag

   2。Tsagaan-elgen

   3.Khamar-Us

   4.Tsagaan-Takhilch

   5.Doj廿

   6.Kh勾uu-Ulaan

   7.Saikhan-Uu1

   8.Baruun-Tsagaan-De1

   9.Chimid

   10.Shuvuutai

   11.Bor-tolgoi

   12.Ga1-shar

   13.猛uviin-Ovgor

   14。]Khongor

   15.Main㎞ant

   16.B両gar

  Epithennal vein type deposit

}Epithe一田metas・m飢icdep・sit

(prove(i reserve of about O.2-2.O n1丘11ion tons)

Epithem飢veintypedeposit

}Epithe一一etas・m飢icdep・sit

world.Fluorite is one of the lea(iing economic

minerals the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and

coal in Mongolia.The first production of fluorite

began at Berkh deposit in l954.In the middle19707s,

the joint enterprise of Soviet Union and Mongolia,

Mongolsovsvetmet,has been published,and Mongolo-

Czechoslovak has followe(i in l980。They account for

a large ratio of fluorite production in Mongolia.The

total annual pro(iuction of fluorite reached527,000t

in l995(Table3).Fluorite is mined by opencut and

gallery.The opencut produces63%of the total ores.

At present Bor-On(iδr,Adag,Bujgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-

De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Org6n and Delgerkhaan、(1eposits

are in commercial production.Further exploration ineach mine is being carried.out.Bor-Ondδr is the biggest

mining and processing complex(Damdinsuren,1995).

Table3 Production of fluorite of Mongolia(NationalEconomy of Mongolia,1984,1990,1995)。

year 1000t

1960 40.3

1965 49.6

1970 76.9

1975 290.6

1980 603.5

1985 786.8

1990 512.1

1995 527.0

5. Co壼c亘聡s置o醜s

  Fluorite is one of the leading economic minerals

the same as copper,molybdenum,gold and coal in

Mongolia.There are more than600fluorite deposits

in Mongolia.Especially eastem and central parts of

Mongolia are important for economical fluoritedeposits.Most of the fluorite deposits in Mongolia are

hydrothermal type,and canbe divided into two groups

based on their genetical relation to magmatic rocks.

One group has relation-to volcanic rocks,and the other

toplutonicrocks.Theformerisclassifiedinepithemalfluorite deposit and carbonatite hosted nuorite deposit.

The Iatter is classified in bertrandite-phenacite-fluorite,

albitite,Mo/Sn-Wand pegmatite deposit.

  The reserve of fluorite of Mongolia ranks fifth in

the worl(i.The total annual production of f1Uorite

reached527,000t in1995.At present Bor一()nd6r,Ad3g,

Bujgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaan-Elgen,Orgδn and

Delgerkhaan deposits are in commercial production,

一315一

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B麗llαわz〔ゾ孟hθGεologづ6αl S麗7⑳θッρ∫ノ41)αη,Vり1.49,〈b.6,ヱ998

an(i further exploration is being carried out.Bor-

Ond6r is the biggest mining and processing complex.

Ack聾,ow且edgem銀t:The authers aregrateful to Ms.M.

Higuchi and Dr。Y.Sakamaki oftheJapanIhtemational

Cooperation Agency for translating Japanese into

Mongolian and Mongolian/Russian into Englishrespectively.We also thank Dr.Y.Kanazawa of the

Geological survey of Japan for detailed comments as

reviewer,Dr.S.Murao and H.Hirano oftheGeological

survey of Japan for helpful suggestions。

Re歪ere醜ces

Baskina,V.A.and Volchanskaya,1.K.(1976)

   New type of rare metal mineralization in

   the southem Mongolia related with alkaline

   volcanicrocks.P伽z3げ、46碗翻夕げS6伽66s   6ゾσSS1~,228,670-672(in Russian).

Baskina,V.A.,Volchanskaya,1.K.,Gmdsambuu,

   Ts.and Nikitina,1.N.(1978)Celestine min-

   eralization of southem Mongolia.Pzo6684初gs   げ云h6 乙GS:ネ~ノ10α46ηz夕 (1ゾSo乞6%66s, (380109づαzl

   s67勿s,5,96-105(in Russian).

Batjarga1,Sh.and Lkhamsuren,J。(1987) Ore

   structure of deposits of epithermal fluorspar

   ore-formation in Mongolia。Soづ.丁名襯s.6ゾ

   πづ%6名召lo9ズoα1〃z6s6z6盟z(ゾ云h6ノぜo%golゑ召.Poそy一

   渉hθo.動s読痂ε,9,16-39(in Russian).

Batjarga1,Sh.,Lkhamsuren,J.,Tumenbayar,B.   and Shiiter,N.(1982)Geologic-stmctural and

   mineralogica1-geochemical features of fluo-

   rite mineralization in territory of the MPR

   and仕しeir practical signi丘cance.∫‘撫ゆz6あh初フ7,

   2(39),6-14,U伽励α磁7(in Mongolia with

   Russian abstract).

Batjarga1,Sh.,Shiiter,N.and Lkhamsuren,J.(1979)

   Fluorite-bearing volcano-tectonic structute.

   “Khongor”in central Mongolia.S6づ.丁名襯s.

   躍o多zgol.S孟ごz彪乙秒zぎzノ.,2(68),37-47(in Russian).

BatjargaI,Sh.,Tumenbayar,B.,Lkhamsuren,J.and

   Shiiter,N.(1985)Typomorphismoffluoritefrom

   endogenic mesozoicdeosits of east Mongolial

   probrems of geology and metallogeny of

   eastem Mongolia.P706.6ゾ1刀S6ガ.Co塚げ   Khε窺1¢%.Gεol.αゆ¢4痂o%,127-138,U伽舶αα如7

   (in Russian).

Damdinsuren,M.(1995)Mongolia’s Mineral Re-

   sources And Mineral Industry.∠4s加∫o%7照1

    げ昭痂9,臨y/」懸e1995,26-31.

Fillipova,1.B.,Suetenko,0.D.and Khasin,R.A.

   (1984)Mesozoic paleogeodynamic situations

   and some features of metallogeny of eastem

    Mongolia.G60109夕観4〃’魏雇R6soκ膨sげ    〃’oπgol襯P60卿ンsR6カκ1砒,亘夏,27-46,〃losoo躍

    (in Russian).

Frikh-Khar,D.1.and Volchanskaya,1.K.(1982)

   Relations of the fluorite and rare-earth

   mineralization in Mongolia.皿釧柳.五4Gα).

   /1ゐsオπz(7孟s.Tわぎ1乞sσ。,p.225.

Jamsran,M.,Lkhamsuren,J.,LObolensky,A.A.,

   Badamgarav,J.,Batjargal,Sh.,Lbolenskaya,

   R.V。,Tumenybayar,B.and Shitter,N.(1986)

   Metallogeny of Mongolia l FLUORITE.伽伽勿   α〆G6010gy σ%4 (360/)h夕sズ6s. S狛67」σ多z 4づzノゑsズo%

   。40αゴ.(ゾS6乞USS1~.Rのπ’ηt,9,1-48(in Russian)

Janshin,A.L.(α豆ef Ed.)(1989)Geological formation

   map of Mongolian Poeple’s Republic,1:

   1500000.∠40躍6吻α翫%肋,〃ros60”.

Ivanova(1972)Geochemicalcon磁廿onsoffoma百on   of wolframite deposits.〃Fos60卿,“翫魏召”,

   152p.(in Russian).

Ivanova(1976)Mineralogy and geochemistry of   the tmgsten deposits of Mongolia.〃’osoo躍,

   “翫z6hゲ,260p.(in Russian).

Kalenov,A.D.and Khasin,R.A.(1965)Age and

   some natural distribution and prospective of

   fluorite mineralization in eastem Mongolia.

   1.So漉紹6010劇,4,36-48(inRussian).

Kandinov,M.N.and Dobrolyubov,V.A.(1984)

   Natural distribution and prospective fluorite-

   bearing ofeastem andcentral Mongolia.(セo⑳

   伽嗣伽6癬他SO縦6Sげ乃40%gol伽P60卿奪   R砂zの1廊,II,〃’os60zθ,165-176(in Russian).

Khrapov,A.A。,Zimina,N.A.,Konstatinov,N.

   F.and Kalita,E.D.(1977) FLUORSPAR.

    G60108夕硯4雌彫名81ノ~6SO縦6Sげ』40%gol襯

   P60卿クSノ~吻61私皿,餓%脚1吻OS魏,κOS60ω.

   〈セ4昭,493-552(in Russian).

Kishimoto,F。(1982)Fluorite deposits in Mongolia.

    Chゑsh舜z6%6名os,329,25-34(in Japanese).

Konstantinov,N.F.and Zimina,N.A.(1966)About

   economic-genetical types of:fluorite deposits

   of Mongolia.〃碗吻砒ゾ060Jo野φ〃lo%gol翻   P60墾り16奪ム~勿z661乞CノレZos60ω,161-167(in Russian).

Korytov,F.Ya.,Kandinov,M.N.,Khrapov,A.A.and

   Dobrolyubov,V.A.(1980)Staged development

   and zonality of mineral formation on some

   fluorite deposits of eastem Mongolia.G6010野

    翻面伽粥1刀砂OS髭Sげ』40%gol宛,1,沼40SOO2〃,

    “〈セ4矧”,172-175(in Russian)。

Korytov,F.Ya.,Khrapov,A.A.andKandinov,M.N.

    (1978)About phenacite-fluorite mineralization

    of Mongolia.P妙6zsげz40擁翻夕げSo魏66sげ    乙8S:去~,242,190-191(in Russian).

Koshelev,Ju.Ya.(1985) Epithennal fluohte(ieposits

    of eastem Mongolian volcar丘c belt..〈吻os獅醜

    “.〈セ4z召”,1-135(in Russian).

Kostyrev,N.F.,Sengee,D.and Volkov,L.S.    (1977)First discovery of fluorite-bertrandite-

    phenacite ore-formation in the territory of

    Mongolia.“κh惚襯娩初”,4,14-16(in Russian).

Kotov,P.A.,Sambalkhundev,Ts。and Kotova,    A.1.(1979)In position about age of fluorite

一316一

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Flz607髭6461)os露sづπノ匠o%901毎6乙hh召ηzsz6名召7z6置α1.ノ

   deposits of Mongolian-Transbaikalian fluorite

   province.G60109加100館s加6あo御擁翫加召l

   D魏ガ傭魏げDのOS髭3げ1吻07伽渉〃伽翻1   五~6soz6名66ε」%孟h67セ77%o勿y(ゾノ匠o%801毎多z P6ρ汐16奪

   R砂z661づ6,ノ砿osoozo,142-151(in Russian).

Kovalenko,V.1.,Vladykin,N.V.and Konusova,

   V.V.(1976)An occurrence of concentrated

   rare earth mineralization in southem part of

   Govi desert.P砂6鴬げz40α46ηzly6ゾSo彪%66sげ

    USSR,23(》,209-213(in Russian).

Lkhamsuren,J.(1976)Fluid inclusion datas on

   the fluorite occurrences in eastem Mongolia.

   25差h/OC.ノ16s加z6応,Canberra,3,810-811.

Lkhamsuren,J.(1984)Conditions and mechanism   o:f the:fluid inclusions formation in different

   genesis fluorite in the territory of the MPR.

   2πhノ㏄.∠4δs劒6な.〃iosoo躍,5,97-98(in Russian).

Lkhamsuren,」.(1988)The fluorite mineralization

   of Mongolia(ore-formations,genesis and   distribution reguIarities).Oo6孟ozとz云召D魏6吻あon,

    U乙磁励磁如7,1-354(in Russian,unpublished).

Lkhamsuren,」.and Batjargal Sh.(1975)Directional

   changes of fluorite crystal morphology in

   endogenic deposits of the Mongolia.S6魏差旗

    Tzα7zsα6だoη (≧プノ匠づ7zε7ごzJo9づαzlノ匠z6sθz6窺 (≧プオh8

   〃Fo%gol乞伽S嬬6砺初.,UZ磁励磁如7,5,75-85   (in Russian).

Lkhamsuren,J.,Ba匂argal Sh.and Shitter,N.(1979)

   Temperature conditions ofthefluoritefo㎜ation

   in Klhongor(ieposit according to the study of

   gas-1iqui(i inclusions in Huorite crystals.S6吻肱

   助6鴬6ゾ〃碗gol宛ηS鰯6砒吻.,UZ磁励磁云醐   2,87-96(in Russian).

Marinov,N.A.(1958)About time of forming of

   fluorite deposits in eastem Mongolia.So∂獅

    G6010gy,9,’164-167(in Russian).

Marinov,N.A.(1980)Fluorite mineralization of

   eastem Mongolia.1.G6010劇げOz6D6ヵo麟,   2,99-103(in Russian).

M.M.A.J.(1991)Geology and ore deposits in

   Mongolia.・4δzoα4加嬬,105,46P.(in Japanese).

M.M.A.J.(1993)Mongolia’s mineral resources

   and the potentia1.ノ1670召4ノ匠力zづ%9ノ勿わ7ηzαあo多z,

   268,25-37(in Japanese).

National Economy ofthe Mongolia(1984)Central

   Statistical Board of the Mongolia。S翅魏6αl

    Col乙6痂oη初ヱ984.U乙磁励磁如7.

National Economy of the Mongolia(1990)Central

   Statistical Board of the Mongolia.S翅翻oα1

    001♂66房o盟初ヱ990,UZ磁励磁如7.

National Economy of the Mongolia(1995)Central

   Statistical Board of the Mongolia.S翅ゑsオ初l

    Coll60吻%初ヱ995,Ul磁幼磁如7.

Naumov,V.B.andIvanova,G.F.(1975)Themob頒c    conditions of fluorite formation in wolframite

    deposits.∫.G600h6盟砿sオ勿〉.ノ10召46ηz夕(~プSo乞6%66

   oゾUSS1~,〃los60卿,3,387-400(in Russian).

Ontoev,D.0.,Kandinov,M.N.and Korytov,F.

   Ya.(1977) About temperature of mineral

   forming of apatite-fluorite-rare earth elements

   mineralization of southem Mongolia.P砂薦

   ρん46躍翻夕げSo勧66sげUS駅,234,1164-1166

   (inRussian).

Ontoev,D.O.,Luvsandanzan,B.and Gmdsambuu   Ts.(1979a)Geological structure an(i endogenous

   mineralization of Mushugai fluorite-rareearth

   deposit(Mongolia).∫。G6010gげOz6Z)のos彦,

   XXI,27-42(in Russian).

Ontoev,D.0.,Kandinov,M.N.,:Korytov,F.Ya.

   and Gundsambuu Ts.(1979b)Temperatural

   conditions of formation of fluorine-REE-iron

   oredepositS.β襯6勲名徽6忽sげ伽409吻6   0名6-Fo槻読oηP70663s,!〉io∂os弼醜,“地%肋”

   1,199-206(in Russian).

Shuvalov,V.F。,Avrov,D。P.and Yackobson,L.N.

   (1980)On the age of fluorite mineralization

   of the eastem Mongolia.G6010劇伽4〃伽徽l

   D砂os髭3ゲ〃io%go娠1,〃loso伽,“.〈㎞ゴフ,161-171

   (in Russian).

Tumenbayar,B.,Lkhamsuren,J。,Ganbat,D.,

   Bershov,L。V,and Speransky,A.V.(1986)

   Distribution investigation of ferromagnetic

   ions-Mn2+and Gd3+in fluorite of Mongolia l

   problems ofgeology of Mongolia.乃観s雄歪on

   o∫G60109吻1動s伽彪げ乃40%gol翻・46励遡   げSoづ6%66,6,198-214(in Russian).

Tumenbayar,B.(1987)Geochemistry and typo-

   morphism of fluorspar of the Mongolia.

   P励1吻オ加劾鷹・40魏脚S6吻06げ妬0刀80磁銘

   P60φ1禽1~ゆ励耽.U伽励伽繊174p.(in Russian).

Voinkov,D。M.and Lkhamsuren,J.(1986)The

   stage development and temparature regime

   of fluorite deposits:formation of the ore-knot

   Berkh of Mongolia.ハ伽6z召lo野げ7初ψ0魏吻%.

   Pzの1ズ4召ガoη鼠)z6s6“Z)o多z乞sh’ン,7,Z)z6sh6z多z6己58-67

   (in Russian).

Volchanskaya,L K。and Korytov,F.Ya(1980)D㏄p-

   seated faults in central and eastem Mongolia

   an(i distribution of fluorite mineralizaton.

   P706664勿zgs6ゾ孟h6 乙6S猶~∠1αz46仰z夕6ゾS6ズ6アzo召s,

    G60109蜘ls6吻s,10,123-132(inRussian).

Yashina,R.M.(1975)Alkaline formation arched

   uplift-block regions and their metallogenic

   peculiarities.R6gz〆σ7ズあ6s6ゾノ匠づアz6名召l Z)6/)os露3

   Z)乞sオ吻魏o%,XI,〃los60卿,“漁%肋”,134-154

    (in Russian).

Yashina,R.M.(1982)Alkaline magmatism of   folding-block regions.ノ匠osoo多o,“ノ〉4z6をゴ’,274P.

    (in Russian)

Received February18,1998

Accepted March18,1998

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Page 10: F且齢r脆e魂e脚s旛睡M⑪醜9⑪齢g蹴o就 ... - gsj.jp · Chuluut-Tsagaan-Del B両gar Khongor Bar,Qtz,F1 Py,Gln,Ca1 Gal-shar Adu,Qtz,Fl Kao,Ca1,Fe-Mnoxide

Bz6116房銘6ゾ孟h6G60109づαzl S%7∂βy(~プノ吻)召%,yと)乙49,ハ五〇.61ヱ998

モンゴルの螢石鉱床の概要

J.Lkhamsuren・濱崎聡志

要  旨

 モンゴルでは,蛍石は銅・モリブデン・金・石炭と同様に主要な鉱物資源の一つであり,蛍石の埋蔵

量は世界第5位である.モンゴルには600以上の蛍石鉱床が存在し,特に国内東部と中央部は経済的価

値の高い蛍石鉱床に関して重要である.モンゴルの蛍石鉱床はほとんど熱水成であり,関係火成岩によ

って2種類に分けられる.一つは火山岩に,もう一つは深成岩に関連している.前者は浅熱水成鉱床と

カーボナタイト中の鉱床,後者はベルトランダイトーフェナサイトー蛍石,アルビタイト,Mo/Sn-W

そしてペグマタイトの各鉱床である.1995年の蛍石生産量は527000トンであった.現在では,Bor-

Ond6r,Adag,Bulgar,Zuun-Tsagaan-De1,Tsagaar卜Elger㌧Org6n,Delgerkhaanの各鉱床が開発され,

さらに探査活動も行われている.このうちBor-Ond6r鉱床からの生産量が最も多い.

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