Feeding of toddlers and childrenAfter the first year of life the child should receive adequate feeding which

covers all requirements of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) as

well as micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)

Total caloric requirements can be calculated: 100 kcal/kg/day in the first year.(1000 kcal/day at one year) + 100 kcal more for every year from 2-10 year (2000 kcal/day at

10 years) for example at 5 years 1000 + 5 X 100 = 1500 kcal/day.

for males: + 100 kcal for every year 10 - 18 y (adult male 2800 kcal/day)

for females: +50 kcal for every year 11- 14 years (adult female 2200 kcal/day)

Macro-nutrient distribution should be as follows: o 50-55% from carbohydrateso 15-20% from proteinso 25-30% from fats

Total fluid requirements are calculated as: 1 ml/kcal total energy intake unless otherwise modified.

For easy planning of meals fulfilling needed composition and amounts, the food stuffs were classified into groups which are

Grains group (containing carbohydrates),

Fruits group (containing simple sugars),

Vegetables group (containing minerals and fibers),

Dairy group (milk products)

Meats group (including legumes as beans),

Fats group

Foods from each group are administered in the form of a number of servings of nearly equivalent caloric value which can be selected and interchanged according to the preference of the child and family.

- A serving of grains contains 80 kcal - A serving of fruits contains 60 kcal - A serving of vegetables contains 25 kcal - A serving of milk products contains 80-150 kcal (according to

fat content)- A serving of meats contains 45-100 kcal (according to fat

content)- A serving of fat contains 45 kcal

The total daily food intake can be represented graphically by the shape of a pyramid, a plate or a palm tree divided into areas showing the different food groups and the number of servings needed from each group