FEDERALISM

Federalism

• What is it?• Confederacy v. Unitary v. Federal

Why Federalism?

• Protecting Liberty• Moderate Power of Government• Strengthen the Union

Different Powers

• Enumerated– 17 powers in I, 8– Art. VI—Supremacy Clause

• Implied– I, 8– “Make all laws which shall be necessary and proper

for carrying into execution the foregoing powers”

• Reserved– 10th Amendment

Era 1: National Rules (1789-1865)

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)– Jefferson v. Hamilton– 1791, 1811, 1816

• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)• Calhoun and Nullification• Dred Scott (1857)– Missouri Compromise

Era 2: Dual Federalism (1865-1937)

• Industrial Revolution Business• State supremacy with race• Business supremacy with commerce• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)• Commerce clause problems– Transportation v. manufacture

• FDR and the New Deal– 1937 Supreme Court proposal– Owen Roberts: Switch in time that saved nine

Today: Let’s Eat Cake!

Today

• Trends– Expansion of national authority– Devolution

• Cooperative federalism• Funding, administration, determination

Show Me the Money!

• Grants-in-aid– Categorical v. block

So How Have We Devolved?

• Republican Revolution– Reduce unfunded mandates– Welfare Reform Act (1996)

• United States v. Lopez (1995)• Printz v. United States (1997)

Questions for Thursday

• How should federal, state, local interact?• Which level of government do you trust the

most?• What was Jefferson Davis trying to say?• What about The Federal Farmer?