federalism
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FEDERALISM
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• Federalism - gov’t power divided between national and state gov’ts (both gov’ts going on at the same time)
– Some powers are given ONLY to the national gov’t and some ONLY to the state gov’ts
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Powers of the National Gov’t
• the national gov’t ONLY has the powers the Constitution gives it
• *3 types*:– Expressed Powers– Implied Powers– Inherent Powers
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Expressed Powers
• Powers of gov’t that are expressed, or actually written word for word in the Constitution
• Ex: Art. I Sec. 8 (Congress can declare war)
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Implied Powers
• Powers of the national gov’t that are “hinted at”
• Ex: The Necessary and Proper Clause - Congress has the power to make laws that are needed and appropriate for the country
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Inherent Powers
• “Inherent” = a characteristic of something
• Powers that ALL governments have
• Ex: regulate immigration and acquire territory
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State Powers
• Reserved Powers - The powers the national gov’t can’t have belong to the states (as long as the Constitution doesn’t say “no”)
• Powers that are “saved for” or “left over”• Ex: marriage laws, liquor laws, speed
limits, public schools, etc.
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• Exclusive Powers - powers ONLY the national gov’t has (ex: coin money, raise armies, etc)
• Concurrent Powers - powers that are SHARED between the national and state gov’ts (ex: taxes, make laws, est. courts)
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The Supremacy Clause
• The Constitution is the HIGHEST law of the land– No state or national law can override it– national laws trump state laws– Ex: McCulloch v. Maryland
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FEDERALISM MINI-DEBATE #1
• Should the definition/tradition of marriage be decided by the national government or by each state government?
WHY OR WHY NOT?
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FEDERALISM MINI-DEBATE #2
• Should the legality of marijuana be decided by the national government or by each state government?
WHY OR WHY NOT?
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The National Gov’t to the States
• Protect the states from invasion
• Can step into conflicts within state if the state can’t handle them
• Must respect state territory boundaries (and have them represented in Congress)
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How a Territory Becomes a State
• Only Congress has the power to admit new states
• 1.) People in the territory ask Congress for permission to become a state
• 2.) Congress tells the people to make a state constitution
• 3.) State sends Congress their constitution for approval
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Cooperative Federalism
• Grants-in-aid - the national gov’t gives state gov’ts money to help them function– Categorical grants - money for specific
purpose (ex: school lunches)– Block grants - money for a group of
programs (ex: healthcare, welfare, etc.)– Project grants - money for research and job
training
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The States to the National Gov’t
• States conduct national elections
• Naturalization (becoming citizens) occurs in state courts
• State can catch and hold federal prisoners
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Full Faith and Credit Clause
• States must respect the laws of other states
• BUT:– Cannot enforce the laws of another state– Ex: Some divorces won’t be recognized
because of state residency rules
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Extradition
• If a criminal flees one state to another, he must be brought back to the first state for trial
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