feb 18 2009 ascomyetes review of sexual reproduction strategies asexual reproduction representative...
TRANSCRIPT
Feb 18 2009
AscomyetesReview of sexual reproduction strategiesAsexual reproductionRepresentative disease cycles
** Images and lecture material were not entirely ** Images and lecture material were not entirely created by J. Bond. created by J. Bond. Some of this material was created by others.** Some of this material was created by others.**
ASCOMYCETESCharacteristics cont. 6. Asexual spores - conidia, chlamydospores. These
fungi produce both sexual and asexual spores.
The sexual stage produced by a fungus is termed the "perfect stage". Ascomycete fungi also produce asexual spores (conidia). This termed the "imperfect stage".
Conidia can be produced in several different sporocarps (aka arrangements), and each fungus generally (but not always) produces conidia in only one arrangement:
Conidia Arrangementa. Free and independent (aka naked) - one conidium or
chain of conidia at end of conidiophore.Ex: Taphrina deformans - peach leaf curlEx: Sphaerotheca pannosa - powdery mildew of rose
Conidia Arrangementb. Synnema - upright bundle of conidiophores, all
cemented together.Ex: Ophiostoma ulmi - Dutch elm disease
Conidia Arrangement
c. Acervulus - a depressed mat of hyphae with short conidiophores.
Ex: Venturia inaequalis - apple scab
Acervulus
Conidia Arrangementd. Sporodochium - conidiophores are
produced on a pin cushion-shaped stroma.Ex: Monilinia fructicola - brown rot of stone
fruitsEx: Claviceps purpurea - ergot of grains
Conidia Arrangemente. Pycnidium - a structure, round or flask-shaped,
with conidia and conidiophores within.Ex: Guignardia bidwellii - black rot of grapeEx: Cryphonectria parasitica - chestnut blight
Leaf Curl DiseasesLeaf Curl DiseasesPeach leaf curl – Peach leaf curl – Taphrina deformansTaphrina deformansLeaf blister on oaks – Leaf blister on oaks – Taphrina Taphrina caerulescenscaerulescens
Plant Pathology, G.N. Agrios
Powdery MildewsPowdery Mildews• Obligate biotrophsObligate biotrophs• Anamorph: conidiaAnamorph: conidia
• Teleomorph: asci Teleomorph: asci in cleistotheciain cleistothecia
• Host specificHost specific
Plant Pathology, G.N. Agrios
Ergot of Cereals and Ergot of Cereals and GrassesGrasses
Most common on rye and pearl Most common on rye and pearl milletmillet
Grain susceptible only when Grain susceptible only when floweringflowering
Sclerotia mature as seed in grain Sclerotia mature as seed in grain head maturehead mature
Sclerotia contain many toxic Sclerotia contain many toxic alkaloids including LSDalkaloids including LSD
Rye susceptible when deficient of Rye susceptible when deficient of coppercopper
Ergot of RyeErgot of Rye
Sclerotium (pl. sclerotia) – a mass of hyphae that is so compacted that Sclerotium (pl. sclerotia) – a mass of hyphae that is so compacted that hyphae have lost their individuality. Can survive adverse conditions – hyphae have lost their individuality. Can survive adverse conditions – overseasoning structures. Germinate by producing stalked stroma (closely overseasoning structures. Germinate by producing stalked stroma (closely woven somatic hypha)woven somatic hypha)
Plant Pathology, G.N. Agrios