International Research Center for Renewable Energy

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Implementation of Integrated Renewable Energy Systems and Fuel Conservation for

sustainable development of the Village KIGA, Iran

Prof. Dr. N. El Bassam

Dipl.-Ing. Bijan Salmassi-Lak Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Kohl Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Otto

Dipl.-Forstwirt Henrick von Petersdorff

JULY 2004 ___________________________________________________________________________

IFEED e.V. Zum Krähenfeld 3, D-31275 Sievershausen, Germany Tel.: 0049-5175-980580 ; Fax : 0049-5175-302766 ; E-Mail : ifeed@t-online.de

www.ifeed.deFeasibility Study KIGA for IFCO

2

Integration of Renewable Energy and Fuel Conservation for Sustainable Development of

the Village Kiga, Tehran, Iran

The mayor, members of the council and other representatives of Kiga village and experts of IFEED

3

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Contents Page 0. Preface 4 I. Introduction 5 II. Justification of the selection of KIGA Village 7 III. Strategic Analysis 9 General, social, commercial characteristics IV. Determination and evaluation of the current energy consumption and needs for electricity, fuel, cooking etc. 17 Planning and modelling of the project V. Biomass and Food 26

VI. Identification of needs and options 28

VII. Fuel conservation 31

VIII. Job creation 33

IX. Cost structure 34

Conclusions 35

4

0. Preface A sustainable development of rural sites represents the key solution to develop countries and regions and to reduce the depopulation of rural communities such as the village Kiga which represents an ideal site for this pioneer project and to demonstrate best possible option for rural development. The project reflects also the policy of the Iranian Government and IFCO to increase the efficiency of home appliances and replacement of their technologies as well as the introduction of renewable energies. This project is based on authorization of IFCO to IFEED to prepare the feasibility study of Kiga village. Kiga has been proposed by IFCO to introduce renewable energy technologies as a tool for rural development and fuel conservation. The director of Buildings Mr. Sattari has proposed during the meeting in Tehran, February 2004, three phases for implementing of the project: Phase I: Feasibility Study Phase II: Identifying the suitable hardware and most efficient and cost effective equipments, considering their availability in the Iranian Market Phase III: Implementation, installation and operating of the whole system, including training. The feasibility study based on data collection at the site during our visit to Kiga and discussion with the mayor and other representative of the council, employers and farmers of the village, information received from IFCO, national and international sources and expertise of the International Research Centre for Renewable Energy IFEED. The Project based on the letter of Agreement of and the letter of Buildings Director of IFCO requesting IFEED to follow up the feasibility study on The study has been accomplished by the following team: Prof. Dr. N. El Bassam, Dipl.-Ing. Bijan Salmassi-Lak, Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Kohl, Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Otto and Dipl.-Forstwirt Henrick von Petersdorff.

5

I. Introduction Current approaches to energy are unsustainable and non-renewable. Furthermore, energy is directly related to the most critical social issues which affect sustainable development: poverty, jobs, income levels, access to social services, gender disparity, population growth, agricultural production, climate change and environmental quality and economic and security issues. Without adequate attention to the critical importance of energy to all these aspects, the global social, economical and environmental goals of sustainability cannot be achieved. Indeed, the magnitude of change needed is immense, fundamental and directly related to the energy produced and consumed nationally and internationally. Also the oil reserves are questioned, e. g. by an Iranian expert Mr. A. M. Samsam Bachtiari of National Iranian Oil Company, who recently published an article in the very selective, respected Oil & Gas journal (2004). He uses the latest updates on Saudi and Russian reserves and concludes “world oil production capacity model suggests output peak by 2006 – 7 “. After this peak of about 81 million barrels per day the production will gradually drop to 55 million b/d by 2020 and continue to fall. The key challenge to realizing these targets is to overcome the lack of commitment and to develop the political will to protect people and the natural resource base. Failure to take action will lead to continuing degradation of natural resources, increasing conflicts over scarce resources and widening gaps between rich and poor. We must act while we still have choices. Implementing sustainable energy strategies is one of the most important levers humankind has for creating a sustainable world. More than two billion people, mostly living in rural areas, have no access to modern energy sources. Water, Food, and fodder availability, employment, environment and health aspects are very closely related to energy availability More than two billion people worldwide currently have no access to grid electricity or other efficient energy supplies. That is one-third of humanity. In order to meet challenges, future energy policies should put more emphasis on developing the potential of energy sources, which should form the foundation of future global energy structure. In this context, the FAO is supporting the SREN of the United Nations in developing a concept for the optimisation, evaluation and implementation of integrated renewable energy sources for rural communities.

6

Fish lake

Floriculture

Grazing andFodder Area

Sheep Keeping

FruitTrees

Vegetables

BusinessLiving

SevicesLeisure

Apiculture

Spice andmed. Herbs

Energy andWasteProcessing

Energy Forest

Energy Forest

Starch

Crop

s

Oil Crops

Ann

ual

En

erg

y C

rops

Poultry Farming

Perennial EnergyCrops

Per

enni

al E

ner

gy

Cro

ps

Perennial Energy

Crops

Energ

y Fo

rest

Cereals Sugar Crops

Heat

Cooking

Water

Healthand

Sanitation

(Pumping,Purification,Desalination)

Communication

Agriculture

Tractors &Transportation

Light

Cooling &Ice Making

Fig. 2 The Integrated Renewable Energy Community Concept The concept of Integrated Renewable Energy Communities (IREC) is a farming system model with an optimal energetic autonomy including job creation, economic and social development, food production and, if possible, energy exports (El Bassam, 1998). Energy production and consumption at the IREC has to be environmentally friendly, sustainable and ultimately based mainly on renewable energy sources. It includes a combination of different possibilities for non-polluting and climate neutral energy production, such as modern wind and solar electricity production, as well as the production of energy from biomass. It combines the utilization and conservation of fossil energy resources such as oil, gas and coal with the integration of renewable energy technologies.

7

II. Justification of the selection of KIGA Village The discussion with the village council, local authority and responsible personalities in Kiga was very fruitful. The situation of the village could be characterized as follows: 1 – There is an urgent need to develop the village and give perspectives for the population to improve their daily living condition through fuel conservation and renewable energy strategies and to decrease the depopulation. 2 – They need production and employment facilities: enterprises, training, re-activation of the farming systems, which is very deteriorated in the village, and waste management 3 – The authority and respected personalities of the village welcomed the initiative were very impressed by the IFCO anticipation to consider KIGA village and the IFFED concept for sustainable development through fuel conservation and integration of renewable energy systems. 4 – The member of the village council have declared their full support and for active cooperation. 5. The suitable infrastructure of the region allows a proper implementation of the project. It has been also agreed that the council is looking for options for development and insuring employment and welcome the initiatives of IFCO to consider Kiga in its planning activities.

8

Fig. 3 The mayor Of Kiga village and the director of IFEED