fe vitec rev2003 v

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Chun k nng K s Cng ngh thng tin

K s Cng ngh thng tin c bn (phin bn 01, 6-2002) ( c chng nhn tng ng vi Chun k nng CNTT ca JITEC, Nht Bn)

Ni dung

1. Tng quan..1 2. Cc hot ng chnh..4 3. Tiu ch k nng 8 4. Khung kin thc ..21

c thch nghi vo iu kin thc t ca Vit Nam trn c s phin bn ngy 19 thng 3 nm 2001ca chun k nng k s CNTT Nht Bn

Bn r sot nm 2003

Ban Qun l Khu Cng ngh cao Ho Lc Trung tm st hch CNTT v h tr o to (VITEC)

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1. Tng quan 1.1 Nn tng pht trin "Chun k nng K s CNTT" (gi tt

l Chun k nng v CNTT) Hin nay, nhng hy vng ln nht c t vo CNTTnh ngun lc i mi cng nghip v tng trng kinh t mi. l v vai tr ca CNTT c m rng t nhng cng c lm gim chi ph sn xut v tng nhanh dch v, thnh nhng cng c hp tc hiu qu gia cc doanh nghip v to ra cc ngnh cng nghip mi. Bt u t by gi, cht lng u t cho tin hc ho s quyt nh s i ln hay i xung ca mt cng ty. Do vy vn cp bch l nng cao trnh cho nhng ngi tham gia xy dng nn cc h thng thng tin tin tin v c nhng ngi s dng h thng .

Vit Nam, Ch th 58 ca B Chnh tr v Quyt nh 128 ca Chnh ph nu r s cn thit phi m rng phm vi v nng cao cht lng o to, bi dng ngun nhn lc CNTT, tp trung hun luyn tng cng cho nhng ngi lm CNTT chuyn nghip, c bit l cc chuyn vin phn mm, p ng c nhu cu ang tng rt nhanh ca th trng trong nc v trn th gii. Theo ch tiu t ra, n nm 2005 phi c khong 50.000 chuyn vin CNTT c k nng cc mc khc nhau. V vy, Trung tm st hch CNTT v h tr o to (VITEC) hoan nghnh vic nghin cu ca Trung tm st hch k s CNTT (JITEC) thuc Hip hi pht trin x l thng tin Nht Bn (JIPDEC) v cch thc nng cao trnh , nh gi v la chn nhng k s gii - tc nhng ngi c th chng t c nng lc hnh ngh ca h qua cng vic thc s, ng thi nh gi cao "cc chun k nng k s CNTT" ca JIPDEC m trng tm l cc tiu ch xc nh xem cng vic yu cu c c thc hin mt cch tng xng hay khng.

1.2 ngha v mc tiu pht trin "Chun k nng CNTT" Kt qu cc iu tra Nht Bn v Vit Nam v nhn lc CNTT cho thy mt vn quan trng cn c gii quyt trong gii cng nghip v khi cc c s o to, l vic xy dng cc ti liu hng dn nhm xc nh mt cch r rng v trnh kin thc, k nng v nng lc m nhn lc CNTT cn c trang b hoc b sung nhm p ng vi mong mi ca gii cng nghip v nhu cu x hi.

Ngoi vic cn thit xc nh trnh kin thc, k nng v nng lc phi trang b cho cc k s CNTT - nhng ngi lm vic thc s trong gii cng nghip, nhng hng dn ny cn cn thit xc nh cc m hnh k s CNTT c tha nhn trn trng quc t, v cc cch thc m trng hc hoc c s o to cn trin khai trn c s ca cc m hnh .

Mt v d v hng dn l "Chun k nng k s CNTT" do Trung tm cng ngh trng im thuc vng Ty Bc M (NWCET) pht trin. l mt phn ca "Cc chun k nng" do B Lao ng M xy dng.

"Chun k nng CNTT" c xy dng nh mt cng c gii quyt vn nu trn, v p dng i vi mi loi hnh st hch k s CNTT nh mt tiu chun nh gi k nng ca ngi k s c o to bi dng. Vic p dng chun k nng c ngha quan trng i vi gii cng nghip trong vic "tuyn chn nhn lc c m bo c kh nng thc hin cc cng vic thc s". i vi cc vin o to nh trng hc, n c ngha cho vic "hiu bit v xc nhn nhng kin thc, kh nng, v cc mc t c ca ngi k s theo yu cu ca cc doanh nghip ". i vi cc c quan chnh ph, iu ny c ngha cho vic "nm c trnh k thut ca ton b gii cng nghip".

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1.3 Cu hnh ca Chun k nng CNTT Chun k nng CNTT l cng c cung cp thng tin v kin thc v k nng cn thit thc hin cc cng vic pht trin h thng nh xy dng, kim sot vn hnh, s dng v nh gi H thng thng tin (HTTT) trong cc t chc (v d nh cc doanh nghip). N cng cung cp cc ch tiu xc nh cc kt qu cng vic. H thng st hch KSCNTT: Tng quan v h thng v Phm vi st hch m t cc kin thc, cng ngh (kin thc k thut) v kh nng m KS x l thng tin cn phi c, v cc ch tiu v hiu nng. (c lit k trong mc 1, 2 v 3 di y). Cc chun k nng c thit lp s m t cc im ny chuyn su hn qua tham kho t vn cc cng vic c th. 1) Vai tr v cng vic 2) Mc k thut cn thit 3) Phm vi st hch: bui sng v bui chiu. (Cc thng tin trn c th ly t http://www.vitec.org.vn) Chun k nng CNTT gm 3 loi thng tin k thut m t di y. Trong chun ny, chun k nng cho tng ngi c thit lp theo phn loi tng ng vi loi hinh st hch (1) Cc hot ng ch cht

Phn ny m t cc cng vic l quan trng nht i vi mi loi hnh st hch. N m t vai tr v cng vic trong 1) trn chuyn su hn.

(2) Tiu ch k nng Phn ny m t kin thc v k nng g cn c s dng khi thc hin cc hot ng ch cht trong (1) trn v ng thi m t cc tiu ch v hiu nng xc nh cn phi t c nhng kt qu g. N m t cc mc k thut cn thit trong mc 2) trn.

(3) Khung kin thc

Phn ny m t mt cch h thng cc kin thc chung khng ph thuc vo loi hnh st hch v kin thc cn thit thc hin cc hot ng ch cht trong (1) trn. ng thi n cng bao gm phm vi st hch nh trong 3) trn.

1.4 Hnh nh v k s CNTT c bn v cc chun k nng.

Chun k nng KS CNTT c bn c chun b p dng khung chun k nng KS CNTT ni chung cho cc KS CNTT c bn. (1) Hnh nh v k s CNTT c bn Trong mt d n pht trin h thng thng thng, KS CNTT c bn nhn cc bn thit k bn trong t cc KS thit k v pht trin. Sau , h chun b ti liu thit k chng trnh di s ch o ca ngi qun l d n v thng qua s hng dn ca cc KS mc cao hn nh KS thit k v pht trin. Trong cng vic c bn ny, KS CNTT c bn cn c kh nng pht trin mt chng trnh tt bng cch s dng y cc k thut lin quan ti thut ton v cu trc d liu mc c s. KS c bn cng c trch nhim thc hin mt s cng vic khuyn khch khc nh pht trin chng trnh, kim th n v, v kim th tch hp h thng theo s hng dn ca KS thit k v pht trin. (2) Chun k nng Cc chun k nng sau p dng i vi KS c bn:

1) Khung kin thc CNTT chung (IT CBOK) 2) KS CNTT c bn cc hot ng ch cht, khung kin thc thc hnh, khung kin thc li, v chun k nng.

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2. Cc hot ng ch cht

Cc hot ng ch yu trong d n pht trin h thng l cc th tc m t cc thao tc trong pha pht trin h thng thuc lnh vc cng vic c s ca k s CNTT. Trong chun k nng ny, lnh vc cng vic nu trn c gi l qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng.

Hnh 2-1 cho thy cc cng vic trong qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng c chia thnh 7 hot ng chnh:

Hnh 2.1 Qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng chung cho KS c bn, KS thit k v pht trin v KS h thng ng dng.

Mi hot ng li tip tc c phn thnh cc cng vic chi tit hn gi l nhim v. Chun k nng ny th hin qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng theo mu nh sau:

Hot ng Nhim v Nt chnh trong cng vic 1-1 nhim v 1 ... 1-2 nhim v 2 ...

1. Hot ng 1

1-3 nhim v 3 ... 2-1 nhim v 1 ... 2-2 nhim v 2 ... 2-3 nhim v 3 ...

2. Hot ng 2

2-4 nhim v 4 ...

KS c bn ch yu c nhim v thit k chi tit (thit k chng trnh) v cc cng vic tip sau trong hnh 2-1. Tuy nhin v kha cnh k nng cn c ta thy KS c bn tham gia vo thit k chng trnh di s hng dn ca KS mc cao hn.

Ghi ch 1: Trong qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng, cc hot ng chung v kim th c b sung cng vi cc hot ng thc hin tun t c ch ra trong hnh 2-1.

Ghi ch 2: Trong hnh 2-1, phn nn m trong khung k n cho thy KS c bn tham gia vo cng vic vi s hng dn ca KS mc cao hn. Cn phn nn m trong khung k p cho thy cc KS c bn phi ch ng thc hin cng vic.

Phn tch yu cu ngi dng v xc nh nhu cu h thng

Chun b pht trin h thng

H tr ci t h thng

Vit v thc hin chng trnh

Thit k h thng (thit k ngoi)

Thit k thnh phn (thit k trong)

Thit k chi tit (thit k chng trnh)

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Phn chung cho KS c bn, KS thit k v pht trin v KS h thng ng dng: [Qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng]

Hot ng Nhim v Nt chnh trong cng vic

1-1 Thu thp phn tch thng tin xc nh yu cu ca ngi dng

xc nh yu cu ca ngi dng, phn tch vn ca h thng hin ti v yu cu mi ca ngi dng (gm nghin cu cc mc iu tra, tin hnh iu tra, phn loi kt qu iu tra, nhu cu h thng ho, iu kin ban u, gii hn, nghin cu gii php v phm vi h thng ho)

1-2 Xc nh phm vi cng vic Xc nh mc tiu v phm vi ca d n, c tnh v th hin cc ngun ti nguyn cn thit t c yu cu ca ngi dng nh thi gian, ti liu, v nng lc (gm c mc tiu v phm vi h thng ho, chc nng h thng, yu cu v cng vic, t chc v ngi dng, cu hnh h thng, iu kin thit k, cc mc kim tra cht lng, mi trng pht trin v cc tc ng d tnh)

1-3 Xc nh yu cu h thng ho T liu ho cc yu cu h thng ho v lm r cc yu cu (xc nh cc yu cu nh th tc x l qui trnh, yu cu d liu vo/ra, yu cu v chc nng h thng v hiu nng, yu cu v thit b giao din ngoi vi, yu cu v CSDL, v yu cu chuyn i h thng)

1-4 Xc nh yu cu an ton bo mt

Xc nh yu cu an ton v bo mt tng ng vi tng loi him ho v chnh sch bo mt.

1.5 Xc nh yu cu vn hnh Tch ra v xc nh yu cu vn hnh

1.6 Xc nh yu cu duy tr Tch ra v xc nh yu cu duy tr

1.7 Thit lp tiu ch nh gi hiu nng

Xc nh mc hiu nng cn thit ca h thng v cc im chnh ca tiu ch nh gi hiu nng.

1.8 Xc nh yu cu kim th La chn phng php lun kim th v xc nh phm vi th nghim v ngi thc hin vic kim th.

1. Phn tch yu cu ca ngi dng v xc nh nhu cu h thng ho

1-9 Chun b v xem xt c t yu cu

T liu ho yu cu ngi dng v yu cu h thng ho, yu cu bo mt, vn hnh duy tr, tiu ch nh gi hiu nng v yu cu kim th t c yu cu ca ngi dng. Chun b c t yu cu v xem xt cc yu cu cng vi ngi dng.

2. Chun b pht trin h thng

2-1 Xc nh m hnh vng i cho vic pht trin

Xc nh m hnh vng i phn mm ph hp vi phm vi v kch c ca d n.

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2-2 Chun b mi trng pht trin Chn chun, k thut, v cng c dng trong qui trnh pht trin h thng v chun b mi trng pht trin.

2-3 Chun b k hoch thc hin qui trnh pht trin

Xc nh phm vi d n v chun b k hoch c th thc hin qui trnh pht trin.

3-1 Chn kin trc h thng Chun b mt s kin trc lm ng c vin thc hin cc yu cu h thng ho v chn cu hnh tt nht Thit lp phng php ti mc cao nht ca h thng. Xc nh cu hnh phn cng phn mm v phm vi cc cng vic lm th cng)

3-2 Thit k c t chc nng v giao din cho cc h thng con

Chia h thng thnh cc h thng con, v xc nh cc h thng con ch yu v c t cng nh giao din ca chng

3-3 Thit k bo mt Thit k yu cu bo mt vi s h tr ca KS bo mt

3-4 To vic v m hnh d liu To qui trnh cng vic v m hnh d liu v ngh ngi dng kim tra chng.

3-5 Chun b v xem xt hng dn ngi dng (bn nt chnh)

Chun b hng dn ngi dng (nt chnh) v xem xt chng cng vi ngi dng

3-6 Thit k c t kim th h thng

Thit lp chnh sch kim th h thng tng ng vi yu cu h thng ho v kin trc h thng, sau thit k c t kim th h thng trn c s cc yu cu c bn v kim th v t liu ho li.

3. Thit k h thng (thit k ngoi)

3-7 Chun b v xem xt ti liu thit k h thng

Chun b c t thit k h thng v cng xem xt vi ngi dng.

4-1 Thit k thnh phn phn mm Chia h thng thnh cc thnh phn v xc nh c t chc nng v giao din cho mi thnh phn . xc nh tnh ph thuc gia nn h thng v cc thnh phn (thit k giao din gia cc thnh phn ca phn mm. Thm vo , thit k cc thnh phn lin quan ti chc nng bo mt v CSDL mc cao hn)

4-2 Thit k CSDL vt l Chuyn CSDL logic thnh CSDL vt l.

4-3 To v kim th mu (prototype)

To v kim th mu, v kim tra tnh ph hp i vi yu cu ngi dng v hiu nng.

4-4 Thit k c t kim th thnh phn

Thit k c t kim th thnh phn trn c s yu cu kim th.

4. Thit k thnh phn (thit k trong)

4-5 Xem xt thit k thnh phn phn mm

Xem xt ti liu thit k thnh phn phn mm cng vi ngi dng.

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5-1 Thc hin thit k chi tit cho phn mm

Thc hin thit k chi tit trn c s thit k thnh phn . Thnh phn phn mm c phn loi n mc chi tit ca cc n v phn mm vit lnh v thc hin kim th n v

5-2 Xem xt thit k phn mm Chun b ti liu thit k chi tit v xem xt cc chi tit thit k.

5-3 thit k c t kim th n v Thit k c t kim th n v trn c s yu cu kim th.

5. Thit k chi tit (thit k chng trnh)

5-4 Chun b v xem xt xt li hng dn ngi dng (bn cui)

Chun b hng dn ngi dng (bn cui) v xem xt chng cng vi ngi dng.

6-1 Lp trnh Vit (chng trnh) cc n v phn mm v to CSDL

6-2 Xem xt k cc lnh Xem xt k cc lnh phn mm

6-3 Kim th n v Thc hin kim th n v i vi mi n v phn mm

6-4 Kim th thnh phn Ni cc n v phn mm v kim th cc thnh phn . Khi kim th thnh phn , kim tra xem cc n v c c kt ni ng v c t kim th thnh phn c p ng hay khng

6-5 Kim th h thng Kim th cc h thng con ring r v sau kt ni cc h thng con kim th h thng. Khi kim th h thng, kim tra xem cc h thng con v h thng c c kt ni ng v cc yu cu thit k h thng c c p ng hay khng. Kim tra hiu nng h thng v iu chnh h thng nu cn thit.

6-6 Kim th yu cu h thng ho Thc hin kim th kim tra xem cc yu cu h thng ho c tho mn hay khng.

6-7 Cp nht ti liu Cp nht ti liu hng dn s dng v cc ti liu h thng.

6. Vit v thc hin chng trnh

6-8 Chun b a ra phn mm Chun b a ra phn mm sau khi c cc kt qu kim th nh mong mun.

7-1 Ci t phn mm Chun b k hoch ci t phn mm v ci t sn phm phn mm hon chnh tng ng k hoch ci t

7-2 H tr kim thchp nhn ca ngi dng

H tr ngi dng thc hin vic xem xt chp nhn sn phm a ra v kim th chp nhn

7. H tr ci t h thng

7-3 o to, hun luyn v h tr ngi dng

o to, hun luyn v h tr ban u cho ngi dng

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8-1 Chun b k hoch kim th Chun b k hoch kim th tng th v trnh by chnh sch kim sot cht lng trong giai on xc nh yu cu h thng ho. Chun b k hoch kim th cho giai on thit k v thc hin trn c s k hoch kim th tng th

8-2 Chun b cc th tc kim th Xc nh yu cu kim th v chun b c t kim th. Chun b th t v d liu kim th xy dng chng trnh kim th nu cn.

8-3 Thc hin kim th Kim th theo c t kim th. Nu gp li, hiu chnh li trong lnh v kim th li.

8. Cc hot ng chung i vi kim th

8-4 Ghi nhn kt qu kim th v ph duyt

T liu ho kt qu kim th, xem xt chng, nh gi tnh ph hp v trnh ph duyt.

Ghi ch 1: Thit k ngoi tng ng vi 3- Thit k h thng v thit k trong tng ng vi 4- Thit k thnh phn .

Ghi ch 2: Thit k kin trc h thng c bao gm trong 3- Thit k h thng

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3. Tiu ch k nng

Tiu ch k nng tng ng vi (bng) cng c cho ta cc tiu ch kim tra trng thi t c trong qui trnh cng vic pht trin h thng c m t di dng cc hot ng. Vi cc tiu ch ny ta s xc nh c liu ngi KS c bn thc hin thnh cng cc cng vic theo ng trnh t v bit s dng cc k thut d n, cc kin thc ng n vi cc k nng hon ho hay cha.

Tiu ch k nng cho ta cc tiu ch ch ra nhng u ra cn c (tiu ch hiu nng) nh l kt qu ca vic thc hin cc nhim v trong 8 loi hot ng nu trn. N cng cho thy cc kin thc v k nng cn thit lm c vic. [Xem xt khi p dng tiu ch k nng]

KS c bn ch yu c nhim v thit k chi tit (thit k chng trnh) v cc hot ng tip theo. V vy trong mt lot cc tiu ch c th hin sau y, cc tiu ch tng ng vi cc hot ng cn c ch trng. Tuy nhin, theo trnh k thut ca KS c bn c m t trong H thng st hch, th vic thit k chng trnh cn c tin hnh di s hng dn ca KS mc cao hn. Do vy tiu ch k nng p dng cho cc hot ng c thc hin thng qua s hng dn ca KS mc cao hn.

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[Tiu ch k nng cho KS c bn t 5-1 n 8-4] Stt Nhim v Tiu ch hiu nng Kin thc cn thit K nng cn thit 1. Phn tch yu cu ngi dng v xc nh nhu cu h thng ho 1-1 Thu thp phn tch thng

tin xc nh yu cu ca ngi dng

chi tit cc yu cu phi tin cy v phn nh tnh hnh thc t

phng php thu thp ngun tin v yu cu cn ng n

thng tin chnh xc v hon ho thng tin c thu thp bng cc k

thut phng vn chun do n v quy nh

thng tin c thu thp mt cch hiu sut v lin tc

yu cu ca ngi dng c phn tch ng n v cc yu cu di lp cng c thuyt phc

kin thc v chi tit cng vic v gii hn ca ngi dng

kin thc v cc phng php thu thp thng tin

kin thc v cc phng php phn tch

Kh nng xc nh cc ngun thng in chnh v yu cu ca ngi dng

Kh nng thc hin cc k thut thu thp thng tin v trnh t

Kh nng xc nh khi lng thng tin cn thu thp

Kh nng phn tch phn hi t cc c nhn v tp th

Kh nng la chn v nhn cc thng tin c thu thp v xc nh nhu cu

Kh nng t cc mc thng tin yu cu vo cng ch v tng hp

Kh nng thu ht nhng ngi khc trao i thoi mi v cc vn quan trng v cc gii php khc nhau

Kh nng thu thp v th hin d liu v gi thnh

1-2 Xc nh phm vi cng vic

mc tiu v phm vi ca d n h thng ho c thit lp v nht tr

Tiu ch i vi mc tin cn t ca d n h thng ho c xc nh

Phm vi cng vic tho mn v ti chnh, cht lng v thi c xc nh

Ti nguyn p ng cc chi tit c nh gi

Ri ro c phn tch v cc bin php phng chng khn cp c lp k hoch

Phm vi cng vic c t liu ho ng, v n gin

Kin thc v mi trng h thng kin trc h thng, phn cng

v mm tnh hin hu ca cc ti

nguyn v thi hn d n tnh s ngy/ngi hn ch k thut cng ngh phn tch ri ro

K nng vit ti liu v phm vi yu cu ca

ngi dng mt cch r rng m phn vi nhng ngi t hng

v tiu ch cn t i vi d n h thng ho

c tnh s ngy/ngi i vi mi mc cng vic trong d n h thng ho

c tnh trng thi hon thnh ca qui trnh pht trin

iu tra, phn tch v so snh cc sn phm c trn th trng v xc nh tnh p dng c i vi h thng

to ti liu theo nhng rng buc v k thut

suy ngh mi vic mt cch tng th

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1-3 Xc nh yu cu h thng ho

Yu cu i vi h thng v thit k phi hon

ho, khng c s khng nht qun gia nhng ngi t hng

i vi h thng ho phi c t liu ho li y

phi tng thich vi cc yu cu ca ton b d n

tnh tng thch hon ton v tnh khng ph thuc ca cc yu cu c thit lp

Kin thc v h thng ho v tich hp h

thng chc nng v vn hnh ca h

thng qui trnh pht trin v nng lc

K nng chuyn yu cu ngi dng thnh yu

cu h thng pht hin cc yu cu mu thun vi

nhau v trnh by gii php phn tch tnh ng n v nht qun

ca thng tin p dng cc cng ngh hiu qu ti

cc yu cu

1-4 Xc nh yu cu an ton bo mt

yu cu bo mt tng thch vi chnh sch bo mt ca n v

yu cu bo mt ca ngi dng i vi h thng c xc nh hon ton

yu cu bo mt i vi thit k phi hon ho

Kin thc v ri ro trong bo mt chnh sch bo mt ca n v m bo an ton bo mt cho

mng m bo tnh ton vn ca d

liu bin php bo mt (kim sot

truy nhp, m ho, xc thc, bc tng la) v cc cng c do an ton bo mt

K nng phn tch cc d liu quan trng xc nh cc loi ri ro phn nh yu cu bo mt ca ngi

dng thnh yu cu bo mt ca h thng

p dng cc cng ngh hiu qu ti cc yu cu

1.5 Xc nh yu cu vn hnh yu cu vn hnh h thng (th t vn hnh, ch vn hnh, bin php chng tht bi, o to, hun luyn) c thit lp

Khng c s thiu nht qun gia cc yu cu vn hnh v yu cu h thng

Yu cu chuyn i h thng c xc nh

Kin thc v Yu cu vn hnh h thng Bin php chng tht bi h

thng cc cng c duy tr

Kh nng phn nh yu cu vn hnh ca ngi dng thnh yu cu vn hnh ca h thng

1.6 Xc nh yu cu duy tr Yu cu vn hnh v duy tr c xc nh

Kin thc v duy tr h thng Kh nng (nng lc) xc nh cc hng mc m ngi dng yu cu duy tr

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1.7 Thit lp tiu ch nh gi hiu nng

Tiu ch nh gi hiu nng h thng hon ho c thit lp

Tiu ch nh gi t pha chp nhn c thit lp

Nhu cu nh gi hiu nng c t liu ho li ng, v n gin

Kin thc v yu cu h thng Kin thc v xc nh yu cu

hiu nng ca h thng

Nng lc nh gi tiu ch nh gi hiu nng xc nh kh nng p ng tiu ch nh gi hiu nng

xut cc hng mc cn thit m bo hiu nng

1.8 Xc nh yu cu kim th Phng php kim th hon ho c la chn

Phm vi kim th c xc nh r K hoch kim th c t liu ho

Kin thc v Phng php kim th Cng c kim th

Nng lc Xc nh cc hng mc kim th c

tt di vi yu cu ngi dng hay khng

Kim tra vic thc hin cc yu cu h thng

qun l cc vn khi kim th 1-9 Chun b v xem xt c t

yu cu Quan im xem xt c trnh by

cho mi ngi tham gia Kt qu xem xt c t liu ho Mi ngi tham gia xem xt hiu v

chp nhn nhng g xc nh v yu cu h thng ho

Kin thc v Thc y tin xem xt Pht trin h thng v mi

trng vn hnh Cc hng mc v ghi ch cn a vo ti liu xc nh yu cu h thng

Nng lc m t cc hng mc mt cch r rng la chn phng php trao di ph

hp xem xt nhng yu cu c xc nh v thc y tin xem xt mt cch hiu qu

nh gi cc kin tri ngc mt cch y

2. Chun b pht trin h thng 2-1 Xc nh m hnh

vng i cho vic pht trin

M hnh vng i h thng ph hp vi qui m, kch c v phc tp ca d n c chp nhn

Kin thc v cc m hnh vng i phn mm

Nng lc Xc nh qui m, kch c, phc

tp ca d n La chn m hnh vng i phn

mm tng thch vi d n 2-2 Chun b mi trng

pht trin Phn cng v mm (gm c cng c,

ngn ng, phn mm lp gia, v...) p ng yu cu ngi dng c la chn

Kin thc v phn cng v mm (gm c cng c, ngn ng, phn mm lp gia, v...)

Nng lc la chn phn cng v mm ti u (gm c cng c, ngn ng, phn mm lp gia, v...)

12

2-3 Chun b k hoch thc hin qui trnh pht trin

Chnh sch pht trin tng thch vi c tnh ca h thng c trnh by

Qui trnh c phn chia ng n cho ton b h thng

Kt qu ca mi qui trnh c trnh by

Vic b tr ti nguyn lin quan n pht trin c a vo k hoch mt cch hiu qu

Ri ro c phn loi, v mt bn tho v cc o a dng c nghin cu

Kin thc v Chun b ti liu k hoch d

n Qun l ri ro ng lc thc y ca KS

Nng lc lp k hoch ti u, xem xt kch c, phc tp v ti nguyn pht trin

trnh by mc tiu ca d n b nhim nhn s c hiu qu nm c k nng ca nhn vin ng vin tinh thn nhn vin nghin cu bin php phng chng

ri ro

3. Thit k h thng (thit k ngoi) 3-1 Chn kin trc h

thng kch bn s b c chun b cho

kin trc h thng trong kha cnh k thut v thit k

Cc ng c cho kin trc h thng c xem xt, vic cn i v k thut v gi thnh c phn tch

Bo co phn tch ngi ra quyt nh hiu c (tc nhng ngi khng quen vi cng ngh)

ng c vin th nht cho kin trc h thng c gii thch v tnh ti u ca n i vi d n v c nhng ngi c lin quan ph duyt

bo co phn tch tnh hiu qu ca gi thnh l y

Tnh d s dng c nh gi t quan im ca ngi s dng

Kin thc v K thut v trnh t iu tra Khi nim v cng ngh thit

k h thng Cn i ca h thng (system

trade-off) Kin trc h thng, phn cng

v mm Chun h thng ho

Nng lc t liu ho cc chi tit ca kin trc

h thng mt cch ng n nh gi cc ng c vin cho k

hoch h thng v gii thch vi nhng ngi c lin quan

xc nh yu cu ct li ca h thng i vi kin trc h thng

kin thc thc hin vic la chn k thut c xem xt kha cnh hiu qu gi thnh

gii thch tnh phc tp ca h thng v phn tch cc kin ca ngi dng

thu thp, kt ni, v hiu cc s liu

13

3-2 Thit k c t chc nng v giao din cho cc h thng con

ton b h thng c chia thnh cc h thng con y

Chc nng v giao din ca hu ht cc h thng con c t liu ho li mt cch r rng v c nhng ngi c lin quan ph duyt

Nhng im khng nht qun gia cc giao din c ch ra v chnh sa

Tnh d phn r thnh cc thnh phn h thng c nghin cu

Kin thc v Ton b h thng Cu trc phn cp ca h

thng

Nng lc Phn tch v thit lp s nht qun

ca h thng Phn r h thng thnh cc h thng

con mt cch h thng nh gi tnh tng hp ca cc giao

din h thng con thit t h thng mt cch ti u phn tch cu hnh h thng v tnh n nh

3-3 Thit k bo mt Mt phng php thc hin bo mt ng vi chnh sch bo mt ca ngi dng c thit lp

Kin thc v cch thit k yu cu bo mt

Nng lc Hiu bit chnh sch bo mt p dng cc cng ngh bo mt i

vi thit k h thng

3-4 To vic v m hnh d liu

phm vi v mc tiu cng vic v d liu cn m hnh c xc nh

m hnh cng vic c t liu ho mt cch r rng

M hnh d liu tng thch vi mc tiu c to ra, v cc qui nh nghip v c p dng

Kin thc v phng php lun pht trin

m hnh cng vic phng php lun pht trin

m hnh d liu k thut m phng iu kin nghip v

Nng lc pht trin m hnh cng vic v d

liu ph hp vi k thut pht trin m hnh

hiu v nh gi d liu to m hnh m phng nh gi tnh nht qun gia nghip

v v h thng phn tch cu trc h thng v kin

trc 3-5 Chun b v xem xt

hng dn ngi dng (bn nt chnh)

nhng ngi cn thit u tham gia xem xt hng dn s dng

quan im xem xt c trnh by cho nhng ngi tham gia xem xt

kt qu xem xt c t liu ho phng php dng h thng v hnh

nh trn mn hnh v bo co c trnh by cng nh yu cu ca ngi dng

mi ngi tham gia xem xt ph chun hng dn s dng (bn nt chnh)

Kin thc v cch vit hng dn s dng

v cc hng mc cn m t cch thc y tin xem xt cng vic ca ngi dng vn hnh h thng thit k giao din ngi dng

bng ho (GUI)

Nng lc la chn phng php trao i ph

hp xem xt ti liu hng dn ngi dng v thc y tin xem xt mt cch hiu qu

xut cc k hoch GUI y , a dng i vi yu cu ngi dng

sp xp, b tr cc yu cn vn hnh (ti liu v thao tc) trong trng hp lm h thng cng vic ca ngi dng

14

3-6 Thit k c t kim th h thng

c t m ngi dng yu cu c so snh vi yu cu h thng v mt chc nng, tin cy, d s dng, hiu qu kinh t v cc mc kim th, c thit lp hon chnh

k hoch kim th kim th c hiu qu c chun b

Kin thc v thit k c t kim th cng c kim th yu cu h thng

Nng lc thit k c t kim th sao cho ph

hp vi khi nim h thng ho chun b k hoch kim th h thng phn tch nguyn nhn v hu qu i

vi cc vn v trnh by k hoch hnh ng

3-7 Chun b v xem xt ti liu thit k h thng

nhng ngi cn thit u tham gia xem xt ti liu thit k h thng


kt qu xem xt c t liu ho mi ngi tham gia xem xt ph

chun thit k h thng

Kin thc v ti liu thit k h thng trnh t xem xt thit k v

cch thc y tin qui trnh pht trin mi trng vn hnh

Nng lc lm cho ngi dng vn khng phi

l KS h thng hiu c c t h thng mt cch ng n

gii thch cc thng tin k thut i vi hiu qu ca cng vic

la chn phng php trao i ph hp vi vic xem xt thit k h thng v thc y tin xem xt mt cch hiu qu

nh gi cc kin i lp mt cch y

4. Thit k thnh phn (thit k trong) 4-1 Thit k thnh phn

phn mm cc nhm thnh phn tho mn yu

cu chc nng h thng con c xc nh hon ton

logic cng vic ca tng thnh phn c t liu ho ng n

giao in gia cc thnh phn c t liu ho r rng

Kin thc v k thut thit k phn mm nn tng dng c thit k c cu trc k thut thit k hng i

tng chun ho cu hnh h thng

Nng lc hiu c t h thng v chia h thng

con thnh cc thnh phn thit k giao din gia cc thnh phn

mt cch nht qun thc hin yu cu cht lng thc hin cc c tnh nh tnh m

rng, tin cy v tnh linh hot 4-2 Thit k CSDL vt l CSDL vt l c xy dng bng cc

k thut hon ho Kin thc v CSDL logic CSDL vt l

Nng lc hiu ti liu thit k CSDL logic hiu qu trnh chuyn i thnh

CSDL vt l

15

4-3 To v kim th mu (prototype)

mc tiu v phm vi ca mu c xc nh v phn nh gi tr m ngi dng mong i

lm mu hiu qu cao v gi thnh c a vo k hoch v tin hnh

mu c kim th v ngi dng chp nhn

Th tc pht trin, kt qu kim th v k hoch ci tin c t liu ho

Kin thc v phng php lun thit k

mu xy dng mu v phng

php kim th cng c kim th

Nng lc phn tch cc im quan trng nht tch hp cc quan im v phn mm

v p dng ci tin h thng nh gi hiu nng m hnh h thng

trn c s kt qu kim th xut k hoch ci tin nhn thc c cc hn ch ca phn

mm 4-4 Thit k c t kim

th thnh phn c t ca h thng con v tng thnh

phn c so snh v cc mc kim th c xc nh hon ton

k hoch kim th kim th hiu qu c chun b

Kin thc v thit k c t kim th cng c kim th c t thnh phn v giao

din gia cc thnh phn

Nng lc thit k c t kim th tng thch

vi khi nim thit k thnh phn phn mm

chun b k hoch kim th thnh phn

phn tch nguyn nhn v hu qu i vi cc vn v trnh by k hoch hnh ng

4-5 Xem xt thit k thnh phn phn mm

nhng ngi cn thit u tham gia xem xt ti liu thit k thnh phn


kt qu xem xt c t liu ho tnh nht qun vi ti liu thit k h

thng c xc nhn mi ngi tham gia xem xt u ph

chun thit k thnh phn

Kin thc v t liu ho c t thnh phn

phn mm thit k trnh t xem xt v

bit cch thc y tin qui trnh pht trin mi trng vn hnh

Nng lc la chn phng php trao i ph

hp vi vic xem xt thit k thnh phn v thc y tin xem xt mt cch hiu qu

gii thch logic thit k thnh phn mt cch r rng

nh gi cc kin i lp xut cc phng n khc xut k hoch ti u trn c s suy

ngh tng th 5. Thit k chi tit (thit k chng trnh) 5-1 Thc hin thit k chi

tit cho phn mm cc lp (modun) tho mn yu cu

chc nng thnh phn v giao din c xc dnh hon ton

i vi yu cu ngi dng, hiu nng v tnh duy tr c ti u ho mc ngay trc khi thc hin logic

Kin thc v thit k chi tit phn mm k thut vit cu t liu ho

logic chng trnh mt cch ng n

cng c CASE ngn ng lp trnh

Nng lc hiu ti liu xc nh yu cu h

thng ho , ti liu thit k h thng, ti liu thit k thnh phn

thit k mt cch nht qun vi c t thnh phn

phn loi nhng vn cn nhc v chun b c t chi tit ho cho chng

16

5-2 Xem xt thit k phn mm

nhng ngi cn thit u tham gia xem xt ti liu thit k chi tit


kt qu xem xt c t liu ho tnh nht qun vi ti liu thit k

thnh phn c xc nhn mi ngi tham gia xem xt u ph

chun thit k chi tit

Kin thc v vit ti liu thit k chi tit qui trnh pht trin mi trng thc hin mi trng vn hnh

Nng lc gii thch logic ca thit k chi tit

mt cch r rng hiu cc kin i lp hiu trng thi thc hin chng trnh

v ch ra cc vn

5-3 thit k c t kim th n v

c t thnh phn phn mm v c t tng chng trnh ring c so snh vi nhau, v cc mc kim th c xc nh hon ton

k hoch kim th thc hin kim th hiu qu c chun b

Kin thc v thit k c t kim th n v cng c kim th qui trnh pht trin mi trng vn hnh ngn ng lp trnh mi trng thc hin

Nng lc lm k hoch kim th n v

5-4 Chun b v xem xt hng dn ngi dng

nhng ngi cn thit u tham gia xem xt ti liu hng dn s dng


phng php dng cho h thng cui cng v mn hnh v cc hnh nh, bo co c trnh by

mi ngi tham gia xem xt u ph chun hng dn s dng (bn cui)

Kin thc v cch vit ti liu s dng v

v cc mc cn m t cng vic ca ngi dng vn hnh h thng thit k giao din ho cho

ngi dng v thc hin

Nng lc trnh by giao din ho ngi dng

thng qua tit k chi tit v t c s hiu bit ca mi ngi tham gia cng xem xt

sp xp cc yu cu vn hnh h thng ho (ti liu v vn hnh)

6. Vit v thc hin chng trnh 6-1 Vit chng trnh hng dn vit lnh c chun b v

chng trnh c vit ph hp vi hng dn

phng php lun pht trin phn mm hiu qu c p dng

cc thnh phn c c dng li cng nhiu cng tt

t liu v m chng trnh c thc hin

Kin thc v phng php lun xy dng

chng trnh lp m lnh SQL cht lng chng trnh nh

tnh d o li m (decoding), tnh hiu qu v tnh duy tr c

ngn ng lp trnh ph hp vi pht trin ng dng

s dng li cc phn c

Nng lc lm r hng dn vit chng trnh

khi xem xt c t chi tit vit ti liu cc chi tit x l mt cch

tm tt hiu kin trc h thng v phn cp thc hin cht lng phn mm cn

thit cung cp cu trc chng trnh vi

tnh m rng, linh hot v tin cy

17

6-2 Xem xt k cc lnh c KS ph hp tham gia gia vo vic ny

phng php lun xem xt v quan im xem xt c trnh by

nu c vn nh hng n thit k bn trn cng c xem xt li

Kin thc v k thut v th t xem xt k

cc lnh

Nng lc hiu phng php vit lnh da trn

cc k thut lp trnh a dng m phng lnh v phn tch kt qu nh gi cc kin i lp

6-3 Kim th n v trnh t kim th n v v d liu ca chun phi hp c t liu ho

d liu kim th phn mm v CSDL ph hp vi mc tiu ca cc n v c chun b

kim th n v c thc hin tng ng vi trnh t kim th cho ti khi mi li c hiu chnh

cc li c phn tch v chnh s ng

cc li v sai st c ghi li theo mu n gin

hng dn s dng c cp nht nu cn thit

Kin thc v th tc kim th n v qui trnh kim th lp phn tch li v qui trnh chnh

sa

Nng lc xc nh, gii quyt v hiu chnh

cc sai st v trc trc thm d v phn tch trng thi v

xut gii php

6-4 Kim th thnh phn trnh t kim th thnh phn theo chun phi hp c t liu ho

d liu kim th ph hp vi mc tiu ca cc thnh phn c chun b

kim th thnh phn c thc hin tng ng vi trnh t kim th cho ti khi mi yu cu c tha mn

cc li c phn tch v chnh sa ng



Kin thc v th tc kim th thnh phn qui trnh kim th lp phn tch li v qui trnh chnh

sa kim tra tnh chnh xc ca

phn mm



xut gii php kim tra tnh chnh xc ca phn mm

18

6-5 Kim th h thng trnh t kim th h thng theo chun phi hp c t liu ho

d liu kim th ph hp vi mc tiu ca h thng c chun b

kim th h thng c thc hin tng ng vi trnh t kim th cho ti khi cc mi lin kt tho mn gia cc h thng con c khng nh

cc li c phn tch v chnh sa ng



Kin thc v th tc kim th h thng qui trnh kim th lp phn tch li v qui trnh chnh

sa kim tra tnh chnh xc ca

phn mm



xut gii php hiu cu trc ca h thng v phn

cp h thng phn loi qui trnh v kt qu mt

cch h thng v vit vo ti liu nh ti liu minh chng chi tit

6-6 Kim th yu cu h thng ho

trnh t kim th yu cu h thng ho theo chun phi hp c t liu ho

cc yu cu h thng ho c tho mn

nu yu cu h thng ho khng c tho mn v nguyn nhn k thut hoc nguyn nhn h thng, ngi dng cn ph duyt cc im tho hip

kim th c lp cho ti khi yu cu h thng ho c tho mn

nu pht hin sai st, cn ghi vo ti liu mt cch y v c gii php c ph chun v p dng

Kin thc v th tc kim th yu cu h

thng ho qui trnh kim th lp phn tch li v qui trnh chnh

sa



xut gii php hiu cu trc ca h thng v phn

cp h thng phn loi qui trnh v kt qu mt

cch h thng v vit vo ti liu nh ti liu minh chng chi tit

chun b cc phng n khc v m phn vi ngi dng nu yu cu ca ngi dng khng c tho mn do sai st k thut hoc do h thng

19

6-7 Cp nht ti liu cc mc c ch ra trong qui trnh thc hin v kim th c phn nh trong hng dn s dng v ti liu h thng v cc ti liu c cp nht

S khng nh qua li vi nhng ngi c trch nhim qun l vn hnh h thng v cc mc cp nht lin quan n vn hnh h thng c thit lp

nhng ngi c trch nhim ph duyt ti liu cp nht

Kin thc v vit ti liu s dng vit ti liu h thng vit cc qui trnh cp nht vn hnh h thng

Nng lc gii thch cc thay i trong hng

dn s dng v nguyn nhn cho ngi c trch nhim

phn nh thay i v thit k h thng hoc thc hin trong ti liu h thng

6-8 Chun b a ra phn mm

phn mm cn a ra sn sng ci t v h tr chp nhn

thng tin v cu hnh sn phm s a ra c m t tm tt

phn mm c ngi qun l pht hnh ph chun

Kin thc v cu hnh sn phm phn mm

s c a ra th tc chun b a ra (pht

hnh) tnh k tha ca cc u ra i

vi giai on vn hnh v duy tr

Nng lc t chc phn mm v d liu lin

quan v ti liu trong dng a ra c xc nh trc

gii thch cc mc lin quan n vic a ra phn mm

7. H tr ci t h thng 7-1 Ci t phn mm k hoch ci t phn mm trong mi

trng thc hin ca ngi dng c t liu ho

cc ngun ti nguyn v thng tin cn thit ci t phn mm c xc nh v hin hu

Kin thc v h thng hin c ca ngi

dng ci t phn mm vn hnh song song vi h

thng hin c

Nng lc lp k hoch ci t phn mm vi nh hng ti thiu n mi trng hin c ca ngi dng

h tr ngi dng trong cc thao tc khi ng

7-2 H tr kim th ngi dng chp nhn

qui trnh kim th c thit lp v t liu ho phc v cho ngi dng

kim th c thc hin tng ng vi k hoch kim th

kt qu kim th c ghi li

Kin thc v kt qu kim th h thng v kt qu kim th yu cu h thng ho

Nng lc thc hin cc cng vic h tr chp nhn m ngi dng yu cu

7-3 o to, hun luyn v h tr ngi dng

c k hoch bng vn bn v o to, hun luyn ngi dng mt cch y

thc hin vic o to, hun luyn, v h tr ban u v lin tc

Kin thc v vn hnh phn mm ca ngi dng

Nng lc o to, hun luyn v h tr ngi dng

20

8. Cc hot ng chung i vi kim th 8-1 Chun b k hoch

kim th k hoch kim th ring bit c

chun b ring cho giai on thit k ring v thc hin v k hoch c nhng ngi c trch nhim xem xt

k hoch kim th m t vic m rng, mc tiu, t chc, lch trnh, ngi chu trch nhim, phng php thc hin, phng php thit k d liu th, mi trng kim th, tiu ch nh gi kt qu kim th, ti liu kt qu kim th, v cc bin php phng nga vn pht sinh trong qu trnh kim th

Kin thc v m bo cht lng phn mm tnh tin cy ca phn mm lch kim th k thut kim th thit k d liu kim th v

chun b chng phng php nh gi kt qu

kim th ti liu kt qu kim th chun b mi trng kim th cng c v phng tin kim

th

Nng lc lp k hoch thit lp cht lng

trong qui trnh pht trin h thng chun b lch trnh kim th hp l nh gi cc ti nguyn v nhn lc

cn lm kim th suy ngh t ng ho vic kim th xc nh iu kin bt u v kt thc

kim th

8-2 Chun b quy trnh kim th

c t kim th c vit li theo dng tng ng vi yu cu kim th

iu kin kim th c xc nh Kin thc v v phng php

kim th

Nng lc quan st th tc kim th

8-3 Thc hin kim th chn c ng ngi c trch nhim lm kim th

Kim th cn c thc hin tng thch vi th tc kim th v lch trnh

Mi kt qu kim th c vit li y v c bo co ti ngi c trch nhim

cc vn xy ra trong qu trnh kim th c nm bt, ghi li y v c bo co li

Kin thc v qui trnh kim th phng php kim th qui trnh kim th lp phn tch li v chnh sa vic bo co kt qu kim th

Nng lc nh gi kt qu kim th xc nh, gii quyt v hiu chnh


xut gii php nh gi hiu nng nh gi tnh s dng c

8-4 Ghi nhn kt qu kim th v ph duyt

nu c sai st, phi ghi li y v chnh xc, v c gii php c xut

kt qu kim th c bo co cho ngi lin quan v c h ph duyt

Kin thc v vit ti liu kt qu kim th

Nng lc nh gi xem vic kim th hay

cha ngh ti k hoch ci tin th tc

kim th

21

4. Khung kin thc Trong khung kin thc i vi cc k s CNTT c bn, cc kin thc cn thit thc hin cc hot ng ch cht c m t chng trc mt cch c hiu qu v gii quyt cc vn khc nhau c chia thnh cc nhm da theo cc khi nim k thut v cch gii quyt vn v c phn loi theo cu trc phn cp. y c cc vn khc nhau, bao gm c vic gim cht lng sn phm, tng chi ph v tng thi gian pht trin phn mm..

Khung kin thc i vi cc k s CNTT c bn cn phi bao gm hai loi di y:

1. Khi kin thc chung v CNTT 2. Kin thc thc hnh v ct li cn c v cc vn c

bn ca CNTT Khi kin thc chung v CNTT trong mc 1 khng ch gii hn i vi cc k s CNTT c bn, m cn l kin thc cn thit i vi nhng ngi tham d kim tra tt c cc loi hnh khc. Do phn loi ring l cn thit. Xem thm chi tit ti ti liu:Chun k nng ca k s CNTT: khi kin thc chung v CNTT.

Tham kho phn H thng st hch k s CNTT: Phm vi st hch, chng ta c th nhn thy rng cc k s CNTT c bn c kim tra kin thc cc mc k thut di y trong 8 lnh vc kin thc chung v CNTT:

1. Cc kin thc c bn v khoa hc my tnh (mc II) 2. H thng my tnh (mc I) 3. Pht trin v vn hnh ca h thng (mc I) 4. Cng ngh mng (mc I) 5. Cng ngh c s d liu (mc I) 6. Bo mt (mc I)

7. Chun ho (mc I) 8. Tin hc ho v qun l (mc I)

Trong 2) Kin thc thc hnh v ct li cn c cho cc KS c bn v CNTT, kin thc trong phn khung kin thc thc hnh v cn thit cho tng tin trnh ring bit phn loi thnh A. Thit k bn trong, B. Thit k chng trnh, C. Xy dng chng trnh, v c m t cc chng, mc di y, bao gm cc qui trnh v hot ng. Mc d A l qui trnh thuc phm vi trch nhim ca k s CNTT mc cao hn, nhng n cng c a vo h thng kin thc c bn cc k s CNTT c bn hiu ng ni dung ca cc ti liu thit k bn trong. iu quan trng i vi h l c s hiu bit y v cc yu cu thit k bn trong, cc kt qu cn c v cc hot ng cn tin hnh. Nhng k s CNTT c bn cn th hin hiu bit ca mnh ch yu trong cc phn B v C.

Cn Kin thc ct li c m t tp trung trong phn D. Cc ngn ng lp trnh, chnh l cc cng c cn thit i vi cc k s CNTT c bn.

Ch : Phm vi kin thc Kin thc thc hnh v ct li cho k s CNTT c bn c thit lp trn nn tng tng ng vi ti liu H thng st hch k s CNTT: Phm vi st hch. Tuy nhin, phn cc ngn ng lp trnh cha ng nhiu hn ba ngn ng dng trong k kim tra l C, Cobol v Assembler. L do ca vn ny l s mong mun nhng k s CNTT s s dng cc ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng (nh C++ hay JAVA) v cc ngn ng ph bin pht trin ng dng Khch hng/Phc v (v d Visual Basic v Perl), nhm tng nng sut trong cc giai on pht trin chng trnh

Visual Basic l mt thng hiu c ng k ca hng Microsoft Corporation

22

Kin thc thc hnh v ct li i vi k s CNTT c bn Lnh vc kin thc Phn loi chnh Phn loi trung gian Phn loi chi tit A. Thit k bn trong

1 Quy trnh thit k bn trong 1.1 Cc hot ng thit k bn trong

1.1.1 Hiu bit thit k bn ngoi 1.1.2 Phn chia chc nng v cu trc 1.1.3 Thit k d liu vt l 1.1.4 Thit k chi tit vo ra 1.1.5 Ti liu thit k bn trong 1.1.6 R sot li thit k

2. Phn chia chc nng v cu trc 2.1 Phn chia chc nng v cu trc

1.1.1 Nhn bit cc chc nng cn thc hin

1.1.2 Lm r lung d liu 1.1.3 Phn nhm cc chc nng 1.1.4 Cu trc th bc (phn cp) 1.1.5 Xc nh cc chc nng ca chng trnh 1.1.6 nh gi s phn chia 1.1.7 c t chc nng

2.2 Cc k thut thit k c cu trc

2.2.1 Cc s khi 2.2.2 Cc s lung d liu 2.2.3 Cc s c cu trc 2.2.4 Cc s HIPO 2.2.5 Cc s chuyn trng thi

2.3 Phn chia chc nng bng thit k c cu trc

2.3.1 Xem xt (lm mn tng bc, tnh c lp ca cc thnh phn ring l, hn ch chiu su ca phn cp)

3. Thit k d liu vt l 3.1 Thit k d liu vt l

3.1.1 Phn tch cc c im ca d liu 3.1.2 Xc nh cc phng php t chc d liu logic 3.1.3 Xc nh mi trng lu tr d liu 3.1.4 Thit k cu trc bn ghi d liu

3.2 B tr v t chc d liu vt l

23

3.2.1 Mc ch v kiu loi ca phng php t chc 3.2.2 Cc ch x l 3.2.3 Tc x l 3.2.4 c im ca phng tin lu tr 3.2.5 Cc chc nng phc v qun l file

4. Thit k u ra - u vo chi tit 4.1 Thit k mn hnh

4.1.1 Cc nhim v thit k

4.1.2 Cn nhc, xem xt 4.2 Thit k d liu vo chi tit

4.2.1 Cc nhim v thit k 4.2.2 Cn nhc, xem xt

4.3 Chi tit thit k d liu u ra

4.3.1 Cc nhim v thit k 4.3.2 Cn nhc, xem xt

5. To v s dng li cc phn 5.1 To v s dng li cc phn 5.1.1 Cc khi nim to cc phn v dng li 5.2 S dng cc gi phn mn

5.2.1 Th vin chng trnh 5.2.2 Th vin cc lp (cng vi cc ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng)

6. Chun b ti liu thit k bn trong 6.1 T chc ti liu thit k bn trong 6.1.1 Chnh sch thit k bn trong

6.1.2 Giao din gia cc chng trnh 6.1.3 Cc chc nng ca chng trnh 6.1.4 B tr mn hnh 6.1.5 B tr vo-ra 6.1.6 Cc k hoch kim tra

6.2 R sot li thit k

6.2.1 Phng php r sot 6.2.2 T chc r sot

24

Lnh vc kin thc

Phn loi chnh Phn loi trung gian Phn loi chi tit

1 Quy trnh thit k chng trnh 1.1 Cc hot ng thit k chng trnh 1.1.1 Xem xt ti liu thit k bn trong

1.1.2 Phn chia m-un 1.1.3 Chun b c t m-un 1.1.4 Ti liu thit k chng trnh 1.1.5 Chun b c t kim tra 1.1.6 Kim tra li thit k

2. Thit k chng trnh mt cch c cu trc 2.1 Cc hot ng thit k c cu trc

2.1.1 Xc nh cc m-un mc cao nht 2.1.2 Phn tch cc chc nng ca m-un 2.1.3 Chn la cc k thut phn chia 2.1.4 Phn chia m-un 2.1.5 Xc nh giao din gia cc m-un 2.1.6 Nghin cu vic phn chia li m-un

B. Thit k cc chng trnh

2.2 Cc k thut phn chia 2.2.1 Cc k thut phn chia da trn lung d liu

(data floworiented) 2.2.2 Cc k thut phn chia da trn cu trc d liu (data structure-oriented) 2.2.3 S dng ln cc k thut phn chia

2.3 Cc chun cho vic phn chia module 2.3.1 Loi b cc ph thuc

2.3.2 Chun v kch c phn chia 2.3.3 To v dng li cc phn

2.4 Phn chia chng trnh

2.4.1 Cn nhc v s module v su ca phn cp 3. c t m-un v c t kim th

3.1 Chun b c t m-un

3.1.1 Nhim v 3.1.2 Phng php 3.1.3 Cc im mu cht

3.2 Chun b c t kim th

3.2.1 Loi v mc tiu kim th 3.2.2 Cn nhc v thit k cc trng hp kim th 3.2.3 Cc phng php kim th

25

4 Cc ti liu thit k chng trnh 4.1 T chc ti liu thit k chng trnh

4.1.1 Chnh sch thit k chng trnh 4.1.2 Phc tho v chng trnh 4.1.3 S cu trc chng trnh 4.1.4 Chi tit quy trnh x l 4.1.5 c t kim th 4.1.6 M t phn t d liu

4.2 Xem xt v vic chun b ti liu thit k chng trnh 4.3 R sot

4.3.1 Phng php r sot 4.3.1 T chc 4.3.3 S tham gia ca ngi dng

26

Lnh vc kin thc

Phn loi chnh Phn loi trung gian Phn loi chi tit

C. Trin khai (xy dng) chng trnh 1. Lp trnh

1.1 Lp trnh 1.1.1 Cc phng php lp trnh v cc chun

1.1.2 S dng cc b x l ngn ng

1.2 R sot k 2. Kim th

2.1 Quy trnh kim th 2.1.1 Kim th n v

2.1.2 Kim th thnh phn (kim th kt ni) 2.1.3 Kim th h thng

2.2 Cc hot ng v k thut kim th

2.2.1 Cc k hoch kim th 2.2.2 Thit k kim th v chun b d liu kim th 2.2.3 S dng cc mi trng kim th

D. Cc ngn ng lp trnh 1. Ngn ng lp trnh (C)

1.1 Phng tin ngn ng

1.1.1 Ng php 1.1.2 Cu trc chng trnh 1.1.3 Khai bo d liu 1.1.4 Cc lnh thc hin 1.1.5 Gi chng trnh

1.2 Cc vn khc

1.2.1 Cc hm th vin (chun) 1.2.2 Bin con tr

2. Ngn ng lp trnh (COBOL)

2.1 Cc vn chung 2.1.1 Ng php

2.1.2 Cu trc chng trnh 2.1.3 Khai bo d liu 2.1.4 Cc lnh thc hin 2.1.5 Gi chng trnh

2.2 Cc vn c th

27

2.2.1 X l file 2.2.2 PICTURE 2.2.3 Cc mc ca cc mc d liu

3. Ngn ng lp trnh (Ngn ng Assembler CASL II) 3.1 Chc nng ca h thng COMET II 3.1.1 c im k thut phn cng

3.1.2 B lnh 3.1.3 B k t

3.2 Cc vn c th ca ngn ng Assembler CASLII

3.2.1 Cc c im k thut ca ngn ng 3.2.2 Lnh macro 3.2.3 Lnh ngn ng my 3.2.4 H iu hnh cho COMET II v CASL II

3.3 Cc php ton v hot ng 3.3.1 Php ton s hc

3.3.2 Php ton l-gc 3.3.3 Php dch chuyn

3.4 Cc phng tin c bit

3.4. 1 X l ra-vo 3.4.2 X l ngn xp 3.4.3 Gi chng trnh con

4. Ngn ng lp trnh (C++) 4.1 C++ v ngn ng hng i tng 4.1.1 Cc lp

4.1.2 Cc i tng 4.1.3 Cc phng thc 4.1.4 ng gi, bao bc 4.1.5 K tha

4.2 Cc vn ca ngn ng

4.2.1 Ng php 4.2.2 Cu trc chng trnh

4.3 Cc vn c th

4.3.1 nh ngha lp 4.3.2 nh ngha thnh vin 4.3.3 Constructor 4.3.4 Destructor 4.3.5 Cc mu (Templates) 4.3.6 K tha

5 Ngn ng lp trnh Java 5.1 Java v ngn ng hng i tng

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5.1.1 Cc lp 5.1.2 Cc i tng 5.1.3 Cc phng thc 5.1.4 ng gi, bao bc 5.1.5 K tha

5.2 Cc vn ca ngn ng 5.2.1 Ng php

5.2.2 Cu trc chng trnh 5.2.3 nh ngha lp 5.2.4 nh ngha thnh vin 5.2.5 Constructor 5.2.6 K tha

5.3 Cc chng trnh Java 5.3.1 Java Applets (Tc t)

5.3.2 Java Applications (ng dng)

5.4 Cc vn c th

5.4.1 AWT 5.4.2 Lung (Threads) 5.4.3 JDBC

6 Ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic 6.1 Cc vn v ngn ng 6.1.1 Ng php

6.1.2 Cu trc chng trnh 6.2 Cc vn c th

6.2.1 Cc th tc to lp 6.2.2 Thao tc tn file v folder 6.2.3 Phn b ng dng 6.2.4 Cc i tng 6.2.5 ng dng MDI

6.3 Cc phng tin to giao din ngi dng

6.3.1 Cc nt (button) 6.3.2 Cc hp kim tra (check box) 6.3.3 Combo box 6.3.4 Form

7 Ngn ng lp trnh Perl 7.1 Cc vn v ngn ng

8.1.1 Ng php 8.1.2 Cu trc chng trnh 8.1.3 Mi trng thc hin

7.2 Cc vn c th

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7.2.1 Pattern matching & regular expression 7.2.2 Cc mng lin quan (associative array) 7.2.3 Thao tc vi file v th mc 7.2.4 Cu trc iu khin 7.2.5 Lin kt vi cc hm bn ngoi

7.3 CGI v Perl

7.3.1 ng dng i vi cc trang web

Cc chun k nng v CNTT Chun k nng c bn ca K s Cng ngh thng tin R sot 2003

Trung tm st hch CNTT v h tr o to (VITEC) Ban qun l Khu Cng ngh cao Ho Lc - B Khoa hc v Cng ngh

Tng 4, 97 Trn Quc Ton, H Ni, Vit Nam in thoi. 84-4-9425416

Fax. 84-4-9425417 URL http://www.vitec.org.vn

Trung tm st hch Cng ngh thng tin v h tr o tao 12-2003

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