fdny exercise design team1 standard practice for radiological emergency response tony mussorfiti

FDNY Exercise Design Team 1

Standard Practice for Radiological Emergency Response

Tony Mussorfiti


Radiological events – Emergency Response

Need – standard and protocols modeled similarly to fire, confined space, hazardous materials, and EMS documents

In general - guidance from academia Information – extensive Not in the language of Emergency Responders Guidance does not address Emergency response actions No risk/benefit analysis


Pre-requisites

Planning Concepts and parameters with revision cycle

Resources Needs assessment (monitoring/PPE)

Training Properly trained on equipment and response

plan Safety


Radiological Emergency Response

OSHA: Plan / Training / Resources / Safety

NFPA Model: Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Terminate


Planning

Type of Response: Radioactive materials contained and legitimate

or Radioactive materials released or have potential for

release and/or present exposure hazard Decision points for:

Defensive ops Hot line parameters (</= 10 mR/h or contamination prevalent) Emergency decon plan developed

Offensive ops High exposure rate = 100 R/h Maximum total accumulated dose recommended not to exceed

50 R


Training

Properly trained on equipment and response plan

Minimum level of training NIMS ICS OSHA 1910.120 (q) and General Duty clause Any federal, state, local, or tribal requirements NFPA 472 (2008)

Ch 5 (core competencies), Ch 6 (min. PPE, Monitoring/detection)


Resources - Equipment

Needs assessment (monitoring/PPE) Per deployable team

Contamination measuring instrument(s) capable of measuring alpha, beta, gamma radiation

One dose rate instrument or combination– 0.1 mR/h – 100 R/h

One dosimeter (alarming recommended) Recommended per rescuer

PPE based upon hazard assessment


Safety Procedures

Ensure proper equipment Ensure self protection

ALARA Time, distance and shielding

Feasibility of life safety operations


Radiological Working Group

FDNY Personnel Fire EMS

Subject Matter Experts Focus Group Evaluation Process


RADIOLOGICAL RESPONSE PLAN Introduction

As per the City of New York Office of Emergency Management’s Citywide Incident Management System (CIMS), Life Safety Operations (LSO) includes tactical initiatives taken to preserve and protect the public. These actions are the highest priority incident objectives and supersede all other objectives during an emergency. The Radiological Response Plan (RRP) provides guidance to determine initial actions and the feasibility for Life Safety Operations and designed to maximize protective measures that lower radiation doses to fire department members and the public. While response to radiological hazards is the focus of the plan, Fire Department members must consider all hazards during a response; it is possible that non-radiological hazards (TRACEM) may present a greater hazard than the radiation present.


RADIOLOGICAL RESPONSE PLAN

Scope:The RRP begins with the recognition of a radiological event and ends when fire department emergency operations terminate or the response is assumed by specialized local, state, or federal response teams.

Note: Nuclear Power Plant / IND



Significance and Use:It is essential for Fire Department Members to be familiar with and train on the RRP prior to responding to a radiological event. The RRP shall be revised as necessary and reviewed on a two-year cycle (at a minimum). The review should consider new and updated requirements and guidance, technologies, and other information or equipment that might have a significant impact on the management and outcome of radiological events.



Radiological Response Information Type of Response:

Radiological Incident Radiological Emergency

Accidental Radiological Emergencies Vs

Intentional Radiological Emergencies


Accidental Radiological Emergency

•Medical, research facility, or construction site

•Inappropriate packaging

•Transport Index (TI)

•Package compromised

•Orphaned source


Intentional Radiological Emergencies

Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)Radiological Exposure Device (RED)

•Additional Operational considerationsRequest Law enforcementBe Alert to a secondary threatPreservation of evidence



FDNY INITIAL OPERATIONS: Determine Type of Radiological Event

o Radiological Incident Vs. Radiological Emergency

Managing a Radiological Incident Managing a Radiological Emergency

Initial Actions Life Safety Actions Radiological Decision Points


Tactical Operations

Managing a Radiological Incident 1 mR hour (action level)

Make notification to members and units on scene.

Confirm initial readings with second survey meter.

Can source(s) of the radiation be determined?

Is the radioactive source(s) legitimate? The radioactive source(s) DOES NOT pose a

risk to humans and/or the environment?


Managing a Radiological Emergency

• 2 to 10 mR/hr Establish Hot Zone• Determine the need for Life Safety Operations• Preliminary Report to the dispatcher

• Conditions /Actions / Needs Notification (10-80 with a appropriate code+ “for a

Radiological Emergency) Appropriate Radio Codes (e.g. 10-75, 10-60 etc.) Victims Location Cause Radiological Safety Officer

• Determine any additional hazards• If not known, determine location of radioactive

source


Safety

•Ensure the proper equipment•Survey Meter•Dosimeter (Personal Rad Monitor)

•Optimization•Ensure proper documentation


Radiation Officer•Ensures each member is equipped.

•Radiation doses are recorded

•Directing the Radiation Documentation Unit (RDU)

•Conducting safety briefing


Radiation Documentation Unit

•Ensure member operating is properly equipped.

•Ensure that radiation doses are recorded.


Life Safety Operations

• Determine the feasibility of LSO. Notify dispatcher and FD units on scene Entry/egress points Safe Refuge Area (SRA) Casualty Collection Point (CCP) Decontamination corridors FAST team Members don full bunker gear and use SCBA,

dosimeterNote: Dosimeters must be zeroed out prior to entry


Feasibility of life safety operations

Elapsed time event Distance from source Dose Exposure rate Difficulty of life safety operations Safety plans for scene documentation

Dose reports/ associated injuries Dosimeter logs



Decision Points Low Dose Alarm (5 REM) High Dose Alarm (12 REM) Low Exposure Rate Alarm (2 mR/hr) High Exposure Rate Alarm (50 R/hr)


Dose5 REM

Notify the IC IC will determine if member shall continue

with Life Safety Operations or exit Hot Zone.

10 REM (High Dose Alarm) Notify the IC IC will determine if member shall continue

with Life Safety Operations or exit Hot Zone.

25 REM Dosimeters are not calibrated to alarm at 25

REM Members should notify the IC


Radiological Decision Points

Exposure Rate

High Exposure Rate Alarm•Personal dosimeter reads 50 R/Hr

Notify the IC IC will determine Mark the area



Significant Radiological Emergency

Any radiological and/or nuclear event or combination of events that exceeds local resources normally available to manage the emergency and may require emergency personnel to incur radiological doses in excess of the 10 rem.


Significant Radiological Emergency: • During a significant radiological

emergency, some fire department members and/or civilians will need to shelter in place or seek shelter (e.g., anyone within the fallout from a nuclear device and/or an emergency responder

receiving a dose of 50 REM or greater).

• EPA PAG



Hazardous Material Branch: The Hazardous Material Units shall operate as per

the Hazardous Material Emergency Response Plan (ERP) and under the direction of the Haz Mat Battalion

Haz Mat Branch Units will perform the following: Advanced Monitoring & Detection Establish Technical Decontamination corridor's Patient Triage & Treatment within the Hot Zone

(START Triage)


Post Entry

•Proceed to Responder Decontamination

•Frisking•Maintain Respiratory Protection


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What are the On-Scene Indicators?

ANALYZE


•Can the source of the radiation be determined?

•Is the radiation source legitimate?

•Does the radioactive source pose a risk to human and/or the environment?


ANALYZE



•Can the source of the Radiation be determined?




Planning•IAP

•Notification

•Zones


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Analyze


Planning•IAP

•Notification

•Zones


•Initiate IAP

•Establish Zones

•Decision Points

•Exposure Rate

•Dose

Implement


UCT911- 1ST ALARM – STRUCTURAL

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EXPLOSION

INCIDENT# 557

FDID: 10037- 4478- 02-2-0557

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ANALYZE


Planning•IAP

•Notification

•Zones


Implement•Initiate IAP

•Establish Zones

•Decision Points

•Exposure Rate

•Dose


Evaluate

•Determine the success of actions taken

•Ensure proper documentation

fdny exercise design team1 standard practice for radiological emergency response tony mussorfiti

Documents

radiological response

federal response teams

department members

life safety operations

radiation present

greater hazard

hazardous materials

general duty clauseany