fclab (fuel cell lab) : towards efficient fuel cell systems · fclab (fuel cell lab) : towards...
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FCLAB (Fuel Cell Lab) : towards efficient fuel cell systems
Prof. Dr. Daniel HISSEL, Director
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Headlines
Scientific context
Research & innovation axes
Academic & industrial partners
Lighthouse projects
October 2014
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Key features (1) • About 100 researchers, among them about 40 Ph.D. students
• Over 5M€ annual budget (consolidated)
• 5 public organizations:
o national-level (CNRS, IFSTTAR)
o regional-level (ENSMM, University of Franche-Comte, UTBM)
• 4 involved laboratories (FEMTO-ST, IRTES, LTE, LTN)
Scientific context
FEMTO-ST UMR 6174 (CNRS, UFC,
ENSMM, UTBM) • > 700 researchers
• Largest research lab in
France in engineering
science
IRTES EA 7274 (UTBM) • 300 researchers
LTE (IFSTTAR)
• 30 researchers
LTN (IFSTTAR)
• 20 researchers
FCLAB
October 2014
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Key features (2) • 54 PhD. thesis defended since 2002
• About 8 PhD. defended per year since 2010 (increasing)
• Over 200 publications in international journals (rank A) since 2002
• Over 500 communications in international conferences since 2002
• 10 patents
• About 2 patents / year since 2010
• 12 national or international awards
• 11 funded European projects (JTI / PCRD)
• 16 French ANR (National Research Agency) funded projects
• 6 funded CNRS projects
About 60% of the French academic « production » in fuel cell systems
Scientific context
October 2014
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Key features (3) • About 1200m2
of dedicated testing areas (H2, nanoparticles, electricity, coupling to the grid) + 2000m2 of offices (for hosting up to 120 researchers)
• A single & specific unique building at UTBM campus
• >8M€ investments in infrastructure + >5M€ investments in test facilities
• Fuel cell test benches from 100We to 30kWe
• Mobile FC test benches (vehicles) up to 100kWe
• Vibrating table + climate/temperature chambers
• Long duration tests (24h/7d) under actual operating conditions (electrical cycling, thermal cycling, …)
Technological context
October 2014
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OK, interesting, but where is Belfort ?? • North-East of France
• 30 km from Switzerland, 40 km from Germany
• 2h from Paris (high-speed train)
• Biggest industrial region in France, after Paris Region
• ALSTOM historical birthplace
• Peugeot historical birthplace
• GE European headquarters
• …
Geographical context
October 2014
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• Complementary research issues, from FC stacks to FC systems (including environment)
• Application fields : transport & energy
• Scientific and technological themes in line with industrial requirements
Research & innovation axes
FC system optimization
Multiphysics modeling and emulation (PEMFC & SOFC)
FC ancillaries
Design and realization of IT- and HT-SOFC stacks
PEM electrolysers for H2-based electrical storage
Social acceptability
October 2014
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Multiphysics modeling and emulation (PEMFC and SOFC) Chair : Dr. Fei Gao (IRTES/SET)
• Objective: understand physics and behavior of fuel cell stacks and systems. Perform experimentations and long duration tests.
• Methods : • Black-box and grey box modeling
• Multiphysical and multiscale modeling based on physics (thermal, electrical and fluidic)
• Ageing parameters integration into models
• Fuel cell system emulation: configurable and scalable “virtual fuel cell systems”
• Experimental validation
Single cell model
Cell thermal model
Cell fluidic model
Cell electrical model
Stack model (N cells)
Stack electrical model
Stack fluidic model
Stack thermal model
Stack level modelling
Cell
1
Cell
2
Cell
N
Cell
1
Cell
2
Cell
N
Cell
1
Cell
2
Cell
N
Cell level modelling
Specific domain
State variables
Exchanges
between the
domain model
PEM fuel cell emulator
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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Fuel cell systems & ancillaries Chair : Dr. Samir Jemeï (FEMTO-ST/Energy)
• Objective1: design light, compact, reliable and efficient ancillaries for fuel cells • Air compressor
• Humidifier
• Integrated compressor-humidifier
• Cooling system
• High voltage ratio DC/DC converters
• Objective2: design efficient & reliable FC systems
• Methods • Modeling and simulation
• Experimental test bench development & validation
Air compressor Test bench
High power DC/DC converter
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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PHM of FC stacks & sytems Chair : Dr. Rafael Gouriveau (FEMTO-ST/AS2M)
• Objective: to increase the durability & the reliability of fuel cell systems
• Method:
• Use as few actual sensors as possible, possibly non intrusive for on-line diagnosis / prognosis
• Real-time estimation of SOH (State-of-Health)
• Hardware = use the power converter to perform on-line impedance spectrometry
• Software =
• Knowledge based approaches (fuzzy logic, neural networks, Bayesian networks, …)
• Signal based approaches (time-scale based approaches, statistical approaches, …)
• Model-based approaches (analytical models, black-box models, grey-box models, …)
• Fault tolerant control
• Prognostic:
• Estimation of RUL (Remaining Useful Lifetime)
• Approaches:
• Neuro-fuzzy
• Reservoir computing
• Hybrid approaches Use of the DC/DC converter to perform on-line measurement of the FC’s SOH (state-of-health)
EIS
mo
du
le
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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FC system optimization (under environmental constraints) Chair : Dr. Alexandre de Bernardinis (IFSTTAR / LTN)
• Objectives:
o Optimal design of hybridized fuel cell systems
o Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation
o Advanced control & supervision of fuel cell systems
• Method:
o Work in close relationship with industry
o Multiphysics control (electricity, temperature, humidity, pressures, gas flows, …)
o Local control of fuel cell subsystems (air compressor, humidification devices, …)
o On-line energy management (type-2 fuzzy logic, wavelets, …)
o “System-level” optimization (e.g. metal-hydrides H2 storage + FC stack for heat exchanges)
o Criteria: highest efficiency, highest lifetime, …
PEMFC fuel cell « system »
Mobypost FC vehicle
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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Design and realization of IT- and HT-SOFC stacks Chair: Dr. Hab. Pascal Briois (IRTES / LERMPS)
• Objectives:
o to manufacture scale 1:1 IT-SOFC and SOFC elementary cells with improved performances (higher durability, higher power density, etc.) and lower manufacturing costs
• Method :
o to reduce the operating temperature (SOFC IT-SOFC): adapted cell and interconnector materials
o to reduce the ohmic losses: thinner electrolyte layers (in the µm range)
o to decrease the structural scales of materials
o to make more robust the manufacturing processes: thermal spraying and physical vapor deposition
Thin film process (scale 1:1) 5 µm Thermal spray process (scale 1:1)
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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H2-energy for the storage of electricity (PEMWE, PEMFC) Chair: Dr. Hab. Mohamed Becherif (FEMTO-ST/ Energy)
• Objectives:
o Coupling of PEM fuel cells and PEM electrolysers
o Hydrogen storage materials (nanoparticles)
o Electricity supply of off-grid devices
o Renewable electrical energy storage
o Energetic and exergetic optimization of those systems
• Method:
o System-level multiphysical modeling
o Local control and supervision
o Exergetic analysis
o System-level optimization
MOBYPOST Project – from Renewables to H2
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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Public policies and socio-economics perspectives of H2 & FC Chair: Dr. Hab. Fabienne Picard (IRTES/ RECITS)
• Objectives:
o Historical approach of H2 & FC
o Socio-economical constraints
o Target : market
• Method:
o Identify technical, economical and political technological bolts
o Diachronic and synchronic approaches
Research & innovation axes
October 2014
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Academic & industrial partners
Industry Airbus (DE), Air Liquide (FR), AREVA Renewable Energy (FR), Bitron (IT), Busch Clean Air (CH), Cirtem (FR), DGA/French Army (FR), Delphi (USA), EDF (FR), Hexis (CH), MES-DEA (CH), Michelin (CH), PSA Peugeot-Citroën (FR), SNCF (FR), SINTEF (Norv), SOFC Power (IT), UBzM (DE), VALEO (F), Wärtsila (FIN), …
French academic partners CNRS, GDR HySPAC, GDR SEEDS, GDR MACS, CEA Grenoble, CEA Saclay, Laplace Toulouse, FR Jacques Villermaux Nancy, LGEP Paris, L2S Paris, L2EP Lille, LAGIS Lille, LSIS Marseille, ICB Dijon, DRIVE Nevers, IFSTTAR Marne-la-Vallée, LEPMI Grenoble, GIPSA Grenoble…
International academic partners IRH Trois-Rivières (Canada), EIfER Karlsruhe (Germany), Connecticut Fuel Cell Centre (USA), Fraunhofer IKTS Dresden (Germany), University of Salerno (Italy), University of Genoa (Italy), University of Catalonia (Spain), University of Jiatong (China), Tsinghua University (China), Collorado Fuel Cell Centre (USA), …
October 2014
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Lighthouse projects (1) Heavy-Duty (military) FC vehicle – FR ECCE project
• Research objectives:
o Durability issues of PEM fuel cell systems in transportation environment
o Multiphysical modeling (EMR formalism approach)
o Integration of a high-power PEM fuel cell system on a (military) heavy-duty vehicle (15 tons)
o Optimization of energy flows (type-2 fuzzy logic control)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12001.8
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3.6Tension stack
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Temps (h)
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0.7Tensions des cellules
Te
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(V
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Temps (h)
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x 10-3
-2
0
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14x 10
-4
partie réelle
- p
art
ie im
ag
inair
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spectroscopie d'impédance I=150 A
nov,20.2006
oct,16.2006
oct,23.2006
oct,30.2006
nov,06.2006
nov,13.2006
nov,27.2006
dec,04.2006
October 2014
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Lighthouse projects (2) FC Power Units Diagnosis – EU GENIUS / D-CODE projects
– FR DIAPASON1/2 projects • Research objectives:
o Increase durability of fuel cell systems
o Development of time-scale approaches for the on-line diagnosis of FC stacks and systems
o Use of a minimum number of actual sensors
WTf(a1,b1) WTf(a2,b2)
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U (
V)
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ea
u 1
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0.1
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u 2
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0 750 150034
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ea
u 3
750 1500
0
0.2
750 1500
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0.1
750 1500
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750 1500
0
0.01
750 1500
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750 1500
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750 1500
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0.1
Temps (min)
October 2014
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Lighthouse projects (3) Mobypost project – EU project
• Research objectives:
o Design an optimized hybrid FC powertrain
o Energy flow supervision
o Coupling with renewables (PV panels)
o Hydrogen production & storage on-site
o 1st French FCV fleet testing in constrained environment (temperature, power demand)
October 2014
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Lighthouse projects (4)
Developments outline Develop reliable prognostics approaches - Estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of the FC
Enhance the applicability of prognostics tools - Avoid influence of arbitrary human choices
Industrial transfer - Real-time implementation - Feedback from end-users
Partnership and funding - 1 Regional, 1 French national, 1 EU, 1 industrial projects - Total funding – (ongoing) > 3.0M€
Prognostic of FC systems
Objectives - Develop approaches for reliable prognostics of PEMFC systems - Strong link with warranty / maintenance proposed on FCS - Real-time implementation
© L. Godart, UFC
October 2014
20 Rue Thierry Mieg - 90010 Belfort cedex, France
www.fclab.org