Fate of the Indians Sioux Originally from Northern Minnesota Nomadic, hunted bison, skilled hunters & fighters on the horse Shared labor among husband & wife Reservations Solutions Peace commission appointed in main areas = Dakota & Oklahoma Undermining Tribal Culture Move Indians onto the white mans road Justified severalty (land ownership) Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Divided tribal land to 160 acres for each family Rest of the reservation land would be sold & proceeds placed in a Indian educational fund Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Assimilation Policy Carlisle Indian School, PA The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 Chief Sitting Bull Gen. George Armstrong Custer Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause Wounded Knee, South Dakota Sioux face the Dawes Severalty Act Wovoka, a holy man, preaches news of salvation Chief Big Foot gets ill & goes to Wounded Knee Army dies to disarm the Indians- battle happens, over 146 Indians die Final episode in the war against the Plain Indians 20,000 Sioux in SD, used to be 400,000 in 1900 70,000 other tribes in OK, used to be 1,000,000 in 1907 Arapahoe Ghost Dance, 1890 Chief Big Foots Lifeless Body Wounded Knee, SD, 1890 Indian Reservations Today Crazy Horse Monument: Black Hills, SD Lakota Chief Korczak Ziolkowski, Sculptor Crazy Horse Monument His vision of the finished memorial. Regional Population Distribution by Race: 1900 Black Exoduster Homesteader s Blacks Moving West The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains A Romantic View The Chinese Question Exclusion Act (1882) - Oriental Exclusion Act - Chinese Exclusion Act African American & Chinese Populations: The Traditional View of the West William Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show Buffalo Bill Cody & Sitting Bull Legendary Female Western Characters Calamity Jane Annie Oakley Destruction of the Buffalo Herds The near extinction of the buffalo. Yellowstone National Park First national park established in 1872. National Parks Conservation Movement John Muir With President Theodore Roosevelt Sierra Club Founded in 1892