FASTrac

Contract Research and

Consultancy

Mike Singleton

Flow Assurance & Scale Team: Scale Workshop

Treetops Hotel, Aberdeen, 29 January 2019

FASTrac

Flow Assurance and Scale Team

research and consultancy

Based on core strengths of FAST JIP

1:1 Projects with funders

Broader remit than just Inorganic Scale

EOR and Decommissioning – 40-50% of funding

through this

Contract research

FASTrac

Clients

Total

Statoil

Dubai Petroleum

Kemira

Clariant

BP

Nalco

Champion

SNF

Chevron

Wintershall

Petronas

Aramco

Petrobras

CNR

>300 Projects/Studies since 2005

•Laboratory Techniques

•SQUEEZE Software

•Scale TheoryCPD

•Core Flood Rigs

•Tube Blocking Rigs

•Sand Packs

Equipment Manufacture

•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)

•Reservoir Simulation

•SQUEEZE Software Licences

Modelling Studies

•Experimental

•ModellingSour Systems

•Low Salinity (BP)

•Surfactant Flooding

•Polymer Flooding

EOR Studies

Best In Class Studies

•HP/HT Evaluation

•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods

•Tube Blocking Tests

•Static Inhibition Tests

•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests

Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies

>300 Projects/Studies since 2005

•Laboratory Techniques

•SQUEEZE Software

•Scale TheoryCPD

•Core Flood Rigs

•Tube Blocking Rigs

•Sand Packs

Equipment Manufacture

•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)

•Reservoir Simulation

•SQUEEZE Software Licences

Modelling Studies

•Experimental

•ModellingSour Systems

•Low Salinity (BP)

•Surfactant Flooding

•Polymer Flooding

EOR Studies

Best In Class Studies

•HP/HT Evaluation

•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods

•Tube Blocking Tests

•Static Inhibition Tests

•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests

Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies

Modelling Studies

Isotherm Derivations

Near Well Squeeze Treatment Design

and Optimisation

Reservoir Simulation Studies

• Scale risk management

• Impact of injection water composition

• reduced salinity or reduced sulphate

• EOR processes

• Well placement

Souring: Sulphides of Fe, Zn and Pb

3.541.65 2.86 4.55 4.98 6.72 9.20 11.00 11.25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1.65 2.86 3.54 4.55 4.98 6.72 9.26 10.98 11.23

[Fe

] (p

pm

)

pH24 h Unfiltered 24 h Filtered

Souring: Pack/Core Floods

Fluid Inlet

Fraction

Collector

Inlet Pressure

Transducer

Differential

Pressure

Transducer

Outlet Pressure

Transducer

UVWater

bath

Column

H2S Propagation/Scavenging

Translation through to

Consolidated Core

Compatible materials for rigs

EOR – Low Salinity Water Flooding

EOR – Polymer Flooding

Rheology

Thermal Stability

Flow Through Porous Media

Bulk Rheology• Anton Paar MCR302 Rheometer

• Low viscosity measurements – DG42XL

geometry

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Vis

cosi

ty (

cP)

Shear Rate (1/s)

Viscosity / Concentration CorrelationPolymer in Synthetic Brine @ Reservoir Temperature

2 (n-1)/20 = +( - )[1+( ) ] Carreau Model -

Thermal Stability Testing

• Jacomex Anaerobic Chamber – Custom unit for HWU specifically for EOR polymer testing

• <1ppb O2 via two-stage purifier

• All polymer preparation and thermal aging performed inside glovebox

• Degradation assessed through viscosity – Anton Paar MCR302

• Option to assess Hydrolysis via C13 NMR

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Ne

wt.

Vis

cosi

ty a

t ~6

0oC

(cP

)

Ageing Time (Days)

Anaerobic Thermal Stability TestingPolymer in Synthetic Brine at ~60oC

Polymer +

ITW

Polymer + ITW + 300ppb

O2

Polymer + 300ppb O2

Coreflood - Dynamic Adsorption

Lithium Tracer

Polymer

• Retention – Reversible adsorption, irreversible adsorption and Inaccessible Pore

Volume (IPV)

• With a single polymer injection / postflush cycle – Retention

• Mass balance – “maximum retention” for specific concentration

• Injection of a second cycle allows for determination of the IPV

• Irreversible adsorption satisfied during first polymer injection

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C/C

o

PV Injected - adjusted for DV

Polymer Adsorption CorefloodPostflush Effluent Analysis

Polymer

Lithium Tracer

Lithium Tracer

Polymer

Recommend

Incumbent

N

Systems

Additives

Thermal

StabilityRecommend

Product

Y

Static BaSO4

Tests

6 Products

Dynamic BaSO4

Tests

Dynamic CaCO3

Tests

2 products

removed

Compatibility

Tests

6 to 4

Products

Coreflood

Evaluation

Squeeze

Modelling

4 to 2

Products (incl.

incumbent)

2 products

removed

Is the

Candidate better than

Incumbent?

Best In Class Study: Process

Static Efficiency Tests

Ability to Rank Inhibitor

Products

Mix SW (anions – SO4) and

FW (cations – Ba)

Sample 4 and 24hrs after

mixing

Analyse for Ba

Calculate % Inhibition

Efficiency

Ba (sample) x 100

Ba (theo)

Determination of MIC for SI-2 against BaSO4 formation

for a 60:40 mix of LSSW3:FW4 at pH4.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

2ppm 5ppm 10ppm 15ppm 20ppm 30ppm

Ba

SO

4 E

ffic

ien

cy

%

4hr

24hr

Determination of MIC for SI-1 against BaSO4 formation

for a 60:40 mix of LSSW3:FW4 at pH4.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

2ppm 5ppm 10ppm 15ppm 20ppm 30ppm

Ba

SO

4 E

ffic

ien

cy

%

4hr

24hr

Dynamic Testing

Mix 2 brines at Field T and P

Run test without Inhibitor (TestScale) and also at various

dosages

Record Differential Pressure Across Coil

Diff. P Transducer

SW Pump PW PumpOil Bath

Pre-Heat Coils

Test Coil

Mixing Chamber

Effluent

Diff. P Transducer

SW Pump PW PumpOil Bath

Pre-Heat Coils

Test Coil

Mixing Chamber

Effluent

Differential pressure profile obtained for downhole SI-1 against calcium carbonate scale

Formation Water with Elevated Calcium, Split to Anions and Cations 50:50mix, pH~7.7,

120ºC, 200psi, [SI]=ppm as supplied in mix

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (min)

Pre

ss

ure

Dif

fere

nc

e (

psid

)

Te

st

Sca

le

16

0p

pm

SI-

1

80

pp

m S

I-1

40

pp

m S

I-1

20

pp

m S

I-1

10

pp

m S

I-1

Te

st

Sca

le

MIC between 15-20ppm

(as supplied)

20

pp

m S

I-1

15

pp

m S

I-1

20

pp

m S

I-1

15

pp

m S

I-1

Coreflood Evaluation

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0

Injected Pore Volumes

[DE

TP

MP

]

DETPMP only CF [P] (ppm) P/Flush.

DV8660 [P] P/Flush.

DV8657/8658 [P] P/Flush.

[SI]

SI-1

SI-2

SI-3

FASTrac Capabilities

•Laboratory Techniques

•SQUEEZE Software

•Scale TheoryCPD

•Core Flood Rigs

•Tube Blocking Rigs

•Sand Packs

Equipment Manufacture

•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)

•Reservoir Simulation

•SQUEEZE Software Licences

Modelling Studies

•Experimental

•ModellingSour Systems

•Low Salinity (BP)

•Surfactant Flooding

•Polymer Flooding

EOR Studies

Best In Class Studies

•HP/HT Evaluation

•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods

•Tube Blocking Tests

•Static Inhibition Tests

•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests

Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies