FASTENERSScrews, Nails, Bolts…

SCREWS AND NAILS• Must resist corrosion

• Rusting fasteners retain moisture• Rot• Bleed

SCREWS AND NAILS• Galvanized coating

• Specify “hot-dipped”• Avoid electro-galvanized (bright)

• Stainless steel

• Polymer-coated

NAILS• Hardened piece of wire

• Nail length is given in “Penny Weight” (d)• 10d nail is about 3” long

PENNYWEIGHT?The term penny originated in England

many years ago. Ten penny, four penny, etc., nails got their names from the fact that one hundred nails of that size cost ten pence, four pence, etc. Today penny represents the definite length of a nail measured from the head to the tip of the point. The term penny is still shown by using the English Pence sign d.

NAILSAvoid splitting wood

• Using pilot holes

• Flat side with the grain

NAILSAvoid splitting wood

• Stagger nails

NAILSAvoid splitting wood

• Blunt tips

NAILS TYPES• Smooth shank

• Ring shank

• Spiral shank

• Truss nail

• Duplex nail (temporary)

NAILS TYPES

SCREWS• Greater resistance to withdrawal than nails

• Specify size by diameter and length• ¼” x 3”• ½” x 6”

PILOT HOLE for SCREWS• Pilot hole should be smaller than screw

• Thread bites into wood

• Size of shank

SCREWS TYPESWood Screws

• Standard

• Phillips

• Square drive

• Star (torx) drive

Screws• Phillips/Square/Slotted combo head

SCREWS TYPESSheet metal screws

• Tip acts like a drill bit

SCREWS TYPESLag Screws

• Heavy duty screw used when bolts cannot

• 2 to 8” long

Lag Screws Installation• Drill about half the length of lag screw

• Hammer to bottom of pilot hole

• Thread the rest of way

• LedgerLOK screws• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWm8RBJ2y

WA&playnext=1&list=PLA1B52C642BD82167&feature=results_main

BOLTS• Better shear strength than nails and screws• Used in major structural joints• Size: diameter and length• Sizing length: 1” greater than the adjoining

boards

PILOT HOLE for BOLTS• Pilot hole same size as bolt

• Thread bite not required

• Washers and nut required to fasten

BOLT TYPES

Standard Bolt• Hex or square head

BOLT TYPES

Carriage bolt• Round head with square base for better look and

feel• Tighten until square base crunches in

• ThruLOK bolts• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApIDd39L

UGc

BOLT TYPES

Expanding or wedge bolt• Attaching to concrete or brick• Flange fits into pre-drilled hole

Wedge Bolt Installation• Drill depth of bolt with concrete bit

• Hammer bolt to bottom of pilot hole• Avoid flattening threads

• Tighten nut and washer

IPE Clips

IPE Clips

JOINING MATERIALS

Direct nailing: 1” from end and side

JOINING MATERIALS

• Toenailing: 45-degree through end of board

JOINING MATERIALS

• Butt joint: two boards simply butted together

• Miter cut: angle cut across width• Miter joint: 90-degree corner

JOINING MATERIALS

• Bevel cut: angle cut along thickness

JOINING MATERIALS

• Cross cut: cutting across the grain

at 90-degree

JOINING MATERIALS

• Rip cut: cutting with the grain

JOINING MATERIALS

• Table saw for rip cuts• Table saw sensor• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMD3agP5

hv0

JOINING MATERIALS

• Splicing: overlap or gusset over beam

CONNECTORS

Joist hanger: connecting joist to ledger

CONNECTORS

• Post saddle: fastening beam to top of post

CONNECTORS

• Angle bracket: support under wood (steps)

CONNECTORS

Rafter ties: connect joist to beam