fast market growth and r& d progress of xev li ion...

Fast market growth and R& D progress of

xEV Li ion batteries in China

Xiao Chenwei1,2, Liu Xingjiang2, Liu Yanlong2 and Wang Jiqiang2

1Member of 863 project expert team, in charge of xEV batteries2Tianjin Institute of Power Sources and China Industrial Association

of Power Sources, China

The 33rd International Battery Seminar

中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources

1

Main Contents

1. Fast market growth of new energy vehicles and advanced Li ion batteries in 2015

2. Main achievements of R & D of advanced Li ion batteries & key materials for xEV in China, during Chinese the12th “five year plan” period

3. Prospective between 2015 and 2020

4. Summary


2

E-Sanitation trucks

E-Buses as city public buses

E-Cars as taxi

Main EV/PHEV applications in China

E-Logistics VehiclePrivate E-car中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources

3

New energy vehicle (EV/PHEV)

development in China（2009-2015）

210 1992 3975 10786 17000

84000

379000

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


Fast Chinese market growth of EV/PHEV market in China

4

Different types of EV & PHEV in 2015

14.79, 39%

6.36, 17%

14.28, 38%

2.48, 6%

E-Buses

PHEV-Cars

EV Cars

PHEV Buses


Chinese EV/PHEV output reached number 1 in the World in 2015!

5

Production of Li ion batteries to meet the

demand of EV/PHEV in China

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

EV/PHEV

Li ion battery


Unit:10k vehicles for EV/PHEV

GWh for Li ion battery

Announced by China Ministry of Information

Technology & Industry 6

Total Li ion battery production & sales

in China

6153.8 7538.512307.6

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

2013 2014 2015

Output，MWh

Sales in Chinese RMB, M$（*）

Salse in US dollar,M$


（*）$：6.5Chinese Yuan ≈ 1USD7

Sales growth trends of Li ion battery

in different market

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2013 2014 2015 2016（F)

BESS

xEV market

IT market


Sales, Unit:100M$

$：6.5Chinese Yuan ≈ 1USD8

Li ion battery distribution in different

vehicles produced in 2015

72%

1%

16%

9%

2%

E-Buses

PHEV passenger cars

E- passenger cars

E- Special vehicles

PHEV Buses


9

2015 sales growth trends of EV/PHEV buses

in China market


10

2015 sales growth trends of EV/PHEV

passenger cars in China market

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Jan Fab Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Veh

icle

s/m

on

th

2014

2015


11

Sales of middle & high level EV & PHEV

passenger Cars at Chinese market


Near 60000 PHEV cars solt in 2015

82% share in middle & high level EV/PHEV car market

Near 60k PHEV

Cars selling

in 2015

12

Top 10 Chinese auto makers of annual production of

EV/PHEV passenger cars in 2014/2015

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2014

2015


13

China-E bikes using Li ion batteries

--- a special Li ion battery market

3.30 million sets with Li ion batteries sold in 2015，near24% increase than

That in 2014，and market share increased up to15% from 7.5%.中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources

73.8

187.3

231.4

265.6

330

370

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Sales

Output

Unit：10k sets

14

Why Chinese xEV market showing such a

great growth in 2015?

In my previous presentation last year, here: Based on New Energy Vehicle Development Plan by China

State Council: Up to 2015，BEV & PHEV will reach 500

thousands sets

Solutions to air pollution making government strengthening &

expanding a larger scale Demo of EV & PHEV in China;

More & more policies promoting development of EV/PHEV

market in China

More EV & PHEV mass production factories set up with using

safety certified advanced batteries (based on National strong

R & D support, such as 863 Project, etc.)


15

Solution to Air pollution is the most critical task –may promote a larger scale Demo of EV & PHEV in China

1. Beijing & Shanghai announced “Air clean action plan

between 2014 & 2017”;

2. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hebei Province, etc. all

have signed with the responsibility for PM 2.5 target;

3. Typically, a preliminary budget for Beijing reaching

final target in 2017 is about 360 billion RMB

Are solutions including new energy vehicles?

Is this chance for speeding up EV & PHEV into market?

Answer: Yes and really a good chance for EV &

PHEV development & market growth!


16

Some new policies for EV/PHEV in China

1. It is reported that there are about 330 thousand set EV &

PHEV will be arranged in 2014-2015 at the 28 Demo cities

(Demo vehicles shall be over 10000 sets for each city) ;

2. In fact, Demo cities increased to 88, including 60 middle cities that newly joined the Demo project may require more EV & PHEV;

3. Subsidy policy published in Sep. , 2013 for EV & PHEV

purchasing. (By both central & local Gov.) will be

effective, until 2020 at least (but 5% decrease each year)

4. Also, it is recently announced that free purchasing tax

policy for EV & PHEV and fuel cell EV, since Sept. 1

2014;


17

The government takes the lead

“The government takes the lead for new energy

vehicles”：

Up to 2016, in order to promote new energy vehicles

in the government organizations and

public institutions, not less than 30% of new energy

car in the total car purchase, and the ratio increases

annualy.

At the same time, government encourages, guides and

mobilizes public area to focus on strengthening

the infrastructure construction to meet charging demand

of new energy vehicles.中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources

18

Main Contents

1. Fast Chinese market growth of new energy vehicles and advanced Li ion batteries in 2015

2. Main achievements of R & D of advanced Li ion batteries & key materials for xEV in China, during Chinese the12th ―five year plan‖ period

3. Prospective between 2015 and 2020

4. Summary


19

Present technology

（>140Wh/Kg

Pack level）

（-20-50C）

Power

Energy

Temp. range

Life

Safety

Cost

（900W/Kg）

（~5y ,100000km）

（2-3Yuan/Wh）

Present LiB technology level for pure EVs

Up to end of 2015


20

EV battery technology updated

Battery R & D progress:

Compare with those in 2003（150Ah LMO/C with

89wh/kg）：

• Above 50% increase in specific energy (50Ah LFP/C

with 137wh/kg-cell level)

• 50% cost down , now below 3 RMB/Wh

• Quality guarantee period increased up to 5 year /100

thousands km


21

Test results of “863” EV battery performances

50Ahcell

with LiFePO4Final goal Unit 2013 goal

Practical

results

Normal voltage ≥3.2 V 3.2 3.2

Normal capacity 50 Ah 50 52.082

Specific power ≥650 W/Kg ≥600 915.5

Specific energy ≥140 Wh/Kg ≥130 138.5

Capacity retention

（Storage:28d）90 % 90% ＞97%

Cycle life ≥3000 cycles ≥250094.1%

at 1200

Safety Meeting national standard Pass


22

Lighter! Faster! Higher efficiency! Increase E-drive mileage!

DM Ⅰ DM Ⅱ(秦） DM Ⅱ(唐）

Cell capacity 50Ah （old） 26Ah （new） 26Ah（new）

Pack (mm) 1896*967*131 953*369*307 1536*994*215

Number of cells 100 152 216

Volume (L) 240 108 328

weight (kg) 220 98.7 250

Energy (kWh) 16 13 18

Normal voltage (V) 330 500/640 640

0-100km/h time 10.5s 5.9s 4.9s

EV range(km) 60 70 80

Cell type

Practical application：PHEV “秦/Qin” &

“唐 /Tang” with modified LIB launched by BYD

秦

唐


23

An example: Large scale safe running of EV with large

format Li ion batteries made by BYD in Shenzhen

* Time line: Dec. 2015

K9 and e6 in Shenzhen

K9 in Sydney Airport

K9 in Schiphol airdrome , Holand

Maximal mileage per an e6: 789,000 * km;

Total running mileage by e6 taxis: 360 million km (in Shenzhen).

Maximal mileage per a K9: 301,000 km;

The total odometer in Shenzhen: 100 million km (in Shenzhen).

Basic Parameters

Cell Capacity 270 Ah

Weight 6.45 kg

Peak Power 2500 W/kg

e6 Capacity 82 kWh

Driving Range 400 kmComposite

Cycle

Max. speed 140 km/h

K9 (bus） Capacity 320 kWh

Driving Range≥400 km 40km/h

≥250 km City cycle

Max. speed ≥70 km/h

BYD pure electric bus and electric taxi have been in

150 cities of 36 countries/areas

24

A latest R & D progress of EV & PHEV batteries on

NMC base materials in 2015, respectively


25

Summarized data of EV & PHEV batteries

by end of 2015

Specific energy at module level

（Wh/kg）140

Cost at system level（Yuan/Wh） 2~3

Specific energy at cell level

（Wh/kg）180-200

Specific capacity of positive（mAh/g） 160 (*)

Specific capacity of negative（mAh/g） 350 (**)


(*) NMC based positive material

(**) Graphite based negative material

26

• Customer request—must meet

• Domestic general request—must pass• QC/T 743-2006 Lithium ion batteries for electric road vehicles

• GB/T 18384 Safety requirements of electric vehicles

• GB/T 18387The electromagnetic field of electric vehicle emission intensity limits and methods of measurement

• GB/T 18484 Electric vehicle conductive charging system

• QC/T 238 Automobile spare parts storage and preservation

• QC/T 413Automotive electrical equipment foundation and technical conditions

• International standard—Reference for use• SAE J1766

• SAE J2344 Safety guide

• SAE J2464-1998 Abuse test guide

System safety enforced by safety certification


27

EV battery with high safety & reliability and performances

Module safety tests

20m drop NCAP Crash Test

Item Criterion Result

Over

charge1C /10V

No fire, no

explosion

Over

Discharge1/3C /0V

No fire, no

explosion

Short

circuit

Impedance of copper

line

≤ 5mohm

No fire, no

explosion

Crush Voltage is 0VNo fire, no

explosion

Oven hot 150℃/ 10minNo fire, no

explosion

Penetration

Diameter:Ф3-

8mm ,Speed:10-

40mm/s

No fire, no

explosion

Cell abuse tests

Cycle life

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.25

3.3

3.35

0.1 0.9 1.7 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.9 1.7

DST V/t(h)


28

Power type Li ion battery technology updated

Example：6Ah high power Li ion cell with LMO/NMC

Reaching 81Wh/kg ， at 30C of discharged/charge; Reaching

4000W/kg at 50% SOC; Running over 5000 cycles（at 70% charge

retention）; Reaching 83% normal capacity at -20℃.


29


-- Material R & D progress

• Most cathode and anode material technology and

mass production levels have entered into the

forefront of the world

• The cathode and anode electrode materials with

the higher specific capacity, nano-size


30

Demand of cathode & anode materials in 2015

36400

28500

7800

26200LFP

NMC

LMO

LCO


Unit: Metric Ton

35900

9980

3820

AG

NG

Others

*Most cathode materials were made domestic，but some

imported；98% anode materials were made domestic.

31

Progress on new material system R & D—by Lishen

40Ah Polymer Cell with 200Wh/Kg

• All safety tests

including 150℃ hot oven

test passed

HPPC pulse charge-discharge capability

中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources 32

New Cell Chemistry demo, Based on Li2MnO3-NMC/SiO-C

0 1 2 3 4 50

1

2

3

4

5

Vo

lta

ge

/ V

Capacity / Ah

Fig. Charge-discharge performance of pre-

charged MNC/SiO-C cell at 0.1C. Capacity:4.5 Ah

Specific Energy:286 Wh/kg

Electrode Positive Negative

Mass ratio MNC:SP:PVdF

92.5 : 3.0 : 4.5

SiO:C:(SBR+CMC)

33.6 : 62.4 : 4

Coating weight 32 mg cm-2 10 mg cm-2

Current

Collector

15 um Al 10 um Cu

Electrolyte FEC containing Electrolyte

Type Laminate

中国化学与物理电源行业协会 China

Industrial Association of Power Sources 33


Battery production progress

Large scale production of xEV batteries

Technical trend of full automation, green mode

System integration：

Technical trend of intelligent, modular

Battery re-utilization：

Study on re-utilization of used Li ion battery in

EV


34

Battery production progress--Automatic Assembly Line of Li ion battery modules

Capacity: 20,000 Units for EV Packing system/Y


35


System integration

Technical trend of intelligent, modular

Cell and

model

Pakage (mechinicalElectrical

system

BMS

Thermal

management

system

Package construction

Light weight

Structure analysis

Fatigue analysis

Model analysis

Electrical design

Low resistance

Sealing & insulation

Thermal design

Thermal modeling

Flow & thermal

Analysis

Test evaluation

Basic function of BMS:

Cell balancing (Positive & active)

Cell thermal control

Charge & discharge control

SOC, SOH, SOF precise estimation

36

manufacturer

Daily production By end of

2015

（100MWh）Capacity

（100MAh）Energy

（100MWh）1 BYD 12.5 40 100

2 Lishen 3 10 16.8

3 Weineng 3 10 10

4 China Aviation

Li

2.5 8 15

5 Guoxian 2.5 8 15

6 Wanxiang 2 7 7

7 Guangyu 2 7 8.5

8 ATL 4.28 13.7 17.3

9 MGL 1 3.6 3.6

Total 33 107 193

Mass production capability great increaseby

Chinese Li ion battery manufacturers


37

Preliminary study on re-utilization of used Li ion

battery in EV

* Used battery from BYD e6 & K9 by China Electric Power Research

Institute, original capacity 200Ah中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources 38

By Daotan Liu, Xiaokang Lai

China Electric Power Research Institute


39

By Daotan Liu, Xiaokang Lai

China Electric Power Research Institute 40中国化学与物理电源行业协会

China Industrial Association of Power Sources

Main Contents

1. Fast Chinese market growth of new energy vehicles and advanced Li ion batteries in 2015

2. Main achievements of R & D of advanced Li ion batteries & key materials for xEV in China, during Chinese the12th “five year plan” period

3. Development goal & prospective between 2015 and 2020

4. Summary


41

Target for 2020

-Chinese National develop development Plan ―13-5‖

xEV annual production up to 2020:

2 million EV & PHEV;

R & D progress of advanced batteries for

xEV:

300Wh/kg （cell level）

3000 Cycles (System level)

1.0 RMB/Wh (System level)


42

Goal

Present

（>200Wh/Kg Pack）

（-30-60C）

Power

Energy

Temp. range

Life

Safety

Cost

（2000W/Kg）

（10~15y）

（1Yuan/Wh）

New LiB technology goal for EVs


43

Technical & application target of Chinese xEV and

advanced batteries up to 2020

*

* Annual production：2M；Cumulative total：5M

44中国化学与物理电源行业协会China Industrial Association of Power Sources

Market of EV/PHEV and Li ion battery

is continues great growing in 2016

0.74 0.82 1.82 1.767.48

37.9

55

0.31 0.34 0.53 0.734.1

16

30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016*

EV/PHEV

Li ion battery


unit:10k vehicles for EV/PHEV

GWh for Li ion battery

•Prediction45

Total Li ion battery production & sales

in China

6153.8 7538.512307.6

16923

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2013 2014 2015 2016（F)

Output，MWh

Sales in Chinese RMB, M$（*）

Salse in US dollar,M$


（*）$：6.5Chinese Yuan ≈ 1USD

46

4.Summary Market of EV & PHEV with Li ion batteries showed a great growth in

2015. Such a growth is strongly promoted by both financial & policy

support from both Central State and Local Governments as well as

other resources in China; also strongly supported by R & D and

production as well as several year safety running certification, etc. ；

Progress of R & D and production of advanced batteries & key

materials have been achieved: typically 140Wh/kg for battery

module and 180-200Wh/kg for cell；

It predicts there will be about 550 thousands EV/PHEV -cars &

buses and 30 GWh Li ion battery produced & sold in 2016.

It will be very prospective for further development of xEV advanced

battery technology & market in China between 2016 and 2020

Thank you for your attention!47中国化学与物理电源行业协会



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CIBF 2016 （For more information see www.cibf.org.cn）

Exhibition area of CIBF2016 is 82,500 square meters, exhibitors

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