fast facts: research you can use

8/2/2019 Fast Facts: Research You Can Use

1/67

CMPT CM@TP

8>=8: ^mxt =

Xopomx`b Wfu @me _p


2/67

Efto cxfa Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko

Cmpt Cm`tp ~xfsgdop ompw!tf!uedoxptmed+ xokgmhko xopomx`b mhfut ùxxoetgppuop cm`gel tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp geduptxw%

Cfx tbo kmpt 2> |ooip+ tbo Xfuedtmhko bmp dokgsoxod Cmpt Cm`tp tf poko`tf~gegfe komdoxp ge tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp+ kolgpkmtgso+ xolukmtfxw+ med aodgmp~boxop% Tbgp hffi gp m `fa~gkmtgfe fc tbo Cmpt Cm`tp gppuod cxfa Jukw8>== tbxfulb Jmeumxw 8>=8%

Gc wfu bmso `faaoetp mhfut mew fc tbo `fetoet ge Cmpt Cm`tp+ pulloptgfepcfx cutuxo tf~g`p+ fx |fukd kgio tf ho mddod tf tbo dgptxghutgfe kgpt+ ~kompo`fetm`t Mhhw mtMhhwNcpxfued%fxl%

Hopt xolmxdp+

Ptoso Hmxtkott^xopgdoet med @OF

P`ftt TmkhfttPoegfx Sgò ^xopgdoet fc Lfsoxeaoet Mccmgxp

Mhhw A`@kfpiowDgxo`tfx fc Xopomx`b

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% =
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


3/67

Tmhko fc @fetoetp

Po`tgfe =: Ptmto fc Cgeme`gmk Poxsg`op

@m~gtmk ?

Doht @ogkgel =8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsg`op Xfuedtmhko% 0


5/67

Po`tgfe =: Ptmto fc Cgeme`gmk PoxsgòpFsox tbo kmpt pgr afetbp+ tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp geduptxw bmp lxf|e pmcoxmed ptxfelox% Cgeme`gmk geptgtutgfep ef| amgetmge tbo bglbopt `m~gtmk kosokpge bgptfxw% Ptxfel uedox|xgtgel ptmedmxdp bmso xo~kmòd ef!df` kfmep medorftg` afxtlmlop% Gepuxoxp xoamgeod pfksoet tbxfulbfut m do`mdo |gtbxo`fxd `mtmptxf~bop% Med oroùtgso `fa~oepmtgfe ~xm`tgòp bmso hooepglegcg`metkw xocfxaod% Bf| tbo afxtlmlo fsoxbmel gp domkt |gtb xoamgeptbo hgllopt }uoptgfe lfgel cfx|mxd%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% 4


6/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: @M^GTMK

Jmeumxw 3+ 8>=8

CM@T: _%P% cgeme`gmk geptgtutgfep oaoxlod cxfa tbo lkfhmk cgeme`gmk `xgpgp |gtb afxo tbme$=%? txgkkgfe ge `m~gtmk+ tbo bglbopt `m~gtmk kosokp ge bgptfxw%

CM@T: Fsox tbo ~mpt cfux womxp+ _%P% hmeip fsox $=> hgkkgfe ge mppotp ge`xompod Tgox =`m~gtmk cxfa $?/ ge`xompo ge `m~gtmk m``fxdgel tf tboCDG@%

Tgox = gp `fepgdoxod tbo pmcopt cfxa fc `m~gtmk cfx m hmei tf bmso fe gtp hffip

CM@T: Hw tbo oed fc 8>=>+ tbo msoxmlo Tgox = xmtgf cfx tbo kmxlopt =2 _%P% hmeip |mp=8%8/% Tbgp gp |okk mhfso ~xosgfup pu~oxsgpfxw hoe`bamxip+ m``fxdgel tf tbo CodoxmkXopoxso fc Pme Cxme`gp`f%

CM@T: M``fxdgel tf m Po~toahox 8>== ptudw hw Tbo @komxgel Bfupo Mppf`gmtgfe+`m~gtmk kosokp mxo ef| pu`b tbmt gc tbo 8>>2 cgeme`gmk `xgpgp bm~~oeod mlmge+ hmeip |fukdeft cmgk cxfa km`i fc `m~gtmk%

Tbo ptudw+ `mkkod Bf| Au`b @m~gtmk Gp Oefulb6 memkwzod `m~gtmk kosokp fc=80 kmxlo lkfhmk hmeip fsox tbo cgeme`gmk `xgpgp ~oxgfd%

Gt `fe`kudod tbmt EF hmei tbmt |fukd bmso aot Hmpok GGGp


7/67

$728

$=+8=

?>>

3>>

>

2>>

7>>

=>>>

==>>

=8>>

=0>>

Tgox = @m~gtmk

ge _PD Hgkkgfep

_P Hmeip Fsoxmkk Kmxlopt _P Hmeip

Bgptfxg` Ge`xompo ge _P Hmei @m~gtmk

Po~!>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsg`op Xfuedtmhko% 3


8/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: DOHT @OGKGEL

Jukw =4+ 8>==

\bmt \gkk Bm~~oe Mctox Mulupt 8ed

Gc Doht @ogkgel Gp Eft Xmgpod

CM@T: Tboxo |gkk ho m $4 hgkkgfe!m!dmw lm~ hot|ooe tbo xosoeuop tbmt mxo `fagel gemed tbo or~oedgtuxop tbmt |o bmso+ m``fxdgel tf Cfxaox @fa~txfkkox Loeoxmk Dmsgd\mkiox%

CM@T: Tbo Hg~mxtgpme ^fkg`w @oetox"H^@' optgamtop tbmt tbo Txompuxw Do~mxtaoet|fukd eood tf ga~koaoet me gaaodgmto 44 ~oxòet ùt ge codoxmk p~oedgel ge tbo osoettbo doht ògkgel gp oròodod%

M``fxdgel tf H^@+ gc tbo mdagegptxmtgfe txgop tf ~xfto`t Pf`gmk Poùxgtw+ Aodg`mxo+Aodg`mgd+ docoepo `fetxm`tp med ueoa~kfwaoet gepuxmeò+ tboe ef agkgtmxw ~mw+ tmrxocuedp+ codoxmk `gsgkgme ~mw fx |okcmxo ~mwaoetp `fukd ho amdo tbmt afetb%

CM@T: @xodgt xmtgel mloe`gop |gkk df|elxmdo _%P% doht%

Ptmedmxd ^ffxp |mxep tbmt gc tbo _%P% docmuktp fe m $0> hgkkgfe doht ~mwaoet feMulupt 4+ tbo emtgfe,p `xodgt xmtgel |gkk ho df|elxmdod posoxokw cxfa gtp kfel!bokdMMM tf m D xmeigel%

Affdwp Gesoptfxp Poxsgò |mxep tbmt m xosgo| fc tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoetp Mmmhfed xmtgel `fukd `fao hw agd!Jukw gc tboxo |oxo ef ~xflxopp fe ge`xompgel tboptmtutfxw doht kgagt%

Cgt`b Xmtgelp pmwp gt |gkk ~ut _%P% doht fe |mt`b cfx df|elxmdo ge omxkw Mulupt getbo osoet tbmt @felxopp cmgkp tf kgct tbo codoxmk doht kgagt hocfxo ftbox ptf~lm~aompuxop mxo orbmuptod%

CM@T:M docmukt |fukd posoxokw dgpxu~t tbo $4 txgkkgfe Txompuxw amxiot+ xopuktgel gebglbox hfxxf|gel `fptp med ~fppghkw txglloxgel m dokosoxmlgel osoet%

Gc osoe feo getoxopt ~mwaoet gp agppod+ pfao memkwptp hokgoso gt `fukd mdd 8? tf?> hmpgp ~fgetp tf Txompuxw wgokdp lfgel cfx|mxd%

Osoxw =/ ge`xompo ge getoxopt xmtop "=>> hmpgp ~fgetp' |gkk `fpt tbo _%P%lfsoxeaoet me mddgtgfemk $=?> hgkkgfe m womx%

CM@T: _%P% hmeip bfkd $8?>!$0>> hgkkgfe |fxtb fc Txompuxgop fe tbogx hmkmeò pbootp% GcTxompuxw wgokdp xfpo pglegcg`metkw+ tbo hffi smkuo med `m~gtmk mt hmeip `fukd hoga~mgxod%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko%


9/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: ORO@_TGSO @FAÔEPMTGFE

Doòahox =3+ 8>==

@bmelop Amdo ^fpt!@xgpgp

CM@T: =>>/ fc puxsowod Xfuedtmhko `fa~megop xo~fxtod tbmt tbogx oroùtgso`fa~oepmtgfe ~xm`tgòp bmd hooe pglegcg`metkw xocfxaod pgeò 8>>2+ m``fxdgel tf m8>== Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko aoahoxpbg~ puxsow%

CM@T: Osoxw pgelko puxsowod Xfuedtmhko `fa~mew xo~fxtod tbmt tbow bmd m`fa~oepmtgfe `faagttoo mt tbo Hfmxd kosok%

CM@T: Puxsowod `fa~megop xo~fxtod amew ftbox oroùtgso `fa~oepmtgfe xocfxap tbowbmd uedoxtmioe fsox tbo kmpt tbxoo womxp+ mkk |gtbfut kolgpkmtgso fx xolukmtfxwxo}ugxoaoet+ ge`kudgel:

Geptgtutgel amrgaua ~mwfut `m~p "2/ cfx 0 womxp'9

Poegfx oroùtgsop bmso afxo tbme 3>/ fc tbogx geòetgso `fa~oepmtgfedocoxxod fe msoxmlo9

Pfao fc tbo afpt poegfx oroùtgsop bmso afxo tbme 2>/ docoxxod9 Docoxxmk ~oxgfdp loeoxmkkw xmelo cxfa tbxoo tf cgso womxp+ |gtb tbxoo womxp tbo

afpt `faafe%



10/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: LKFHMK @FAÔTGSOEOPP

^mxt G

Efsoahox 4+ 8>==

Kmxlopt => Hmeip ge tbo \fxkd

"Ge`kudop hmei bfkdgel `fa~megop'

Xmei Hmei @fuetxw Mppotp "$h' Dmto

= HE^ ^mxghmp Cxmeò 8+ 3&0>&==

8 BPH@ Bfkdgelp _I 8+37>%7> 3&0>&==

0 Doutp`bo Hmei Loxamew 8+32=%0> 3&0>&==

4 Agtpuhgpbg _CJ Cgeme`gmkLxfu~

Jm~me 8+4 0&0>&==

? Hmx`kmwp ^K@ _I 8+07?%0> 3&0>&==

3 Xfwmk Hmei fc P`ftkmed Lxfu~ _I 8+0=7%7> 3&0>&==

< Geduptxgmk @faaox`gmk Hmeifc @bgem

@bgem 8+0>4%4> 3&0>&==

2 Hmei fc Maoxg`m _P 8+834%4> 3&0>&==

7 JÂfxlme @bmpo _P 8+843%2> 3&0>&==

=> @xodgt Mlxg`fko PM Cxmeò 8+803%2> 0&0>&==Afpt ùxxoet dmtm msmgkmhkoLkfhmk Cgemeò+ 8>== Dmtm

Hmeip mxfued tbo \fxkd+ 8>== Dmtm

CM@T: Fc tbo kmxlopt ? hmeip ge tbo |fxkd+ efeomxo hmpod ge tbo _egtod Ptmtop%

CM@T: Fc tbo kmxlopt => hmeip ge tbo |fxkd+ t|fmxo hmpod ge tbo _egtod Ptmtop+ "Hmeifc Maoxg`m+ J^ Afxlme @bmpo'%

CM@T: Fc tbo kmxlopt ?> hmeip ge tbo |fxkd+ cgsomxo hmpod ge tbo _egtod Ptmtop+ "JÂfxlme @bmpo+ Hmei fc Maoxg`m+ @gtglxfu~+ \okkp Cmxlf+ Afxlme Ptmekow'%

CM@T: Fc tbo $3? txgkkgfe ge mppotp bokd hw tbo kmxlopt ?> hmeip |fxkd|gdo+ _%P% hmeipbfkd =0/ fc mppotp% Ouxf~o med Mpgm bfkd ?3/ med 84/+ xop~o`tgsokw% CM@T:Megetoxemtgfemk hmeigel ~xopoeò gp eoòppmxw tf ~xfsgdo cgeme`gel tf _%P%!hmpodauktgemtgfemk `fx~fxmtgfep% Gc _%P% hmeip `fetgeuo tf kfpo `fa~otgtgsoeopp+ fux emtgfepkmxlopt `fa~megop |gkk bmso tf pooi cgeme`gel cxfa mhxfmd%



11/67

Kmxlopt ?> Hmeip ge tbo \fxkd"Ge`kudop hmei bfkdgel `fa~megop'

Xmei Hmei @fuetxw

Mppotp

"$h' Dmto

= HE^ ^mxghmp Cxmeò 8+ 3&0>&==

8 BPH@ Bfkdgelp _I 8+37>%7> 3&0>&==

0 Doutp`bo Hmei Loxamew 8+32=%0> 3&0>&==

4 Agtpuhgpbg _CJ Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ Jm~me 8+4 0&0>&==

? Hmx`kmwp ^K@ _I 8+07?%0> 3&0>&==

3 Xfwmk Hmei fc P`ftkmed Lxfu~ _I 8+0=7%7> 3&0>&==

< Geduptxgmk @faaox gmk Hmei fc @bgem @bgem 8+0>4%4> 3&0>&==

2 Hmei fc Maoxg`m _P 8+834%4> 3&0>&==

7 JÂfxlme @bmpo _P 8+843%2> 3&0>&==

=> @xodgt Mlxg`fko PM Cxmeò 8+803%2> 0&0>&==

== @gtglxfu~ _P =+7?3%3> 3&0>&==

=8 Agzubf Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ Jm~me =+748%3> 3&0>&==

=0 @bgem @feptxu`tgfe Hmei @bgem =+2=2%4> 3&0>&==

=4 GEL Lxfu~ Eotboxkmedp =+ 3&0>&==

=? Hme`f Pmetmedox P~mge =+ 3&0>&==

=3 Hmei fc @bgem @bgem =+=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% =>


12/67

=< Mlxgùktuxmk Hmei fc @bgem @bgem =+&==

=7 Pf`goto Loeoxmko Cxmeò =+?7>%&==

8> Kkfwdp Hmeigel Lxfu~ _I =+?%?7 3&0>&==

8= Lxfu~o H^@O Cxmeò =+?08%?0 3&0>&==

88 _HP P|gtzoxkmed =+437%43 3&0>&==

80 _eg@xodgt P%~%M% Gtmkw =+00=%22 3&0>&==

84 \okkp Cmxlf _P =+8?7%&==

8? @xodgt Pugppo Lxfu~ P|gtzoxkmed =+=3>%&==

83 @faaoxzhmei Loxamew 77=%>7 3&0>&==

8< Xmhfhmei Lxfu~ Eotboxkmedp 730%7= 3&0>&==

82 Getopm Pme~mfkf Gtmkw 704%?2 3&0>&==

87 Efxdom Hmei P|odoe 2?7%2? 3&0>&==

0> Efxge`buige Hmei Jm~me 207%2> 3&0>&==

0= Afxlme Ptmekow _P 20>%


13/67

02 Emtgrgp Cxmeò 3?3%3< 3&0>&==

07 \opt~m` Hmeigel @fx~fxmtgfe Muptxmkgm ?72%3? =8&0=&=>

4> Hmei fc @faaueg`mtgfep @bgem ?73%33 =8&0=&=>

4= Ic\ Loxamew ?7>%8< =8&0=&=>

48 Dmepio Hmei Doeamxi ?

40 P`ftgmhmei "Hmei fc Efsm P`ftgm' @memdm ?=3%74 =8&0=&=>

44 Ptmedmxd @bmxtoxod _I ?=3%?4 =8&0=&=>

4?Muptxmkgm Eo| Zomkmed HmeigelLxfu~ "MEZ' Muptxmkgm ?=4%23 7&0>&=>

43 DZ Hmei Loxamew ?=8%02 =8&0=&=>

4< MHE Maxf Eotboxkmedp ?>7%8? =8&0=&=>

42Hme}uo Cdxmtgso du @xdgt Autuok"HC@A' Cxmeò ?>=%48 =8&0=&=>

47

Kmedophmei Hmdoe!\xttoahoxl

"KHH\' Loxamew ?>>%87 =8&0=&=>

?> Hme`f df Hxmpgk Hxmzgk 42=%=2 =8&0=&=>

Tftmk Mppotp: $ 3?+233%4> Hgkkgfe

Afpt ùxxoet dmtm msmgkmhkoLkfhmk Cgemeò+ 8>== Dmtm

Hmeip mxfued tbo \fxkd+ 8>== Dmtm

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% =8


14/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: LKFHMK @FAÔTGSOEOPP

^mxt GG

Efsoahox =>+ 8>==

CM@T: Tbo _%I%+ Cxmeò+ med @bgem bmso m kmxlox `feòetxmtgfe fc hmeigel mppotp tbmetbo _egtod Ptmtop%

$7+470 $7+0=>$7+>44

$2+??2

$3+7=?

$?+8


15/67

Ef ftbox geduptxgmkgzod `fuetxgop ge Ouxf~o fx mxfued tbo |fxkd ~kme tf oem`t~xfsgpgfep tbmt ~mxmkkok tbo _%P% xoptxg`tgfeptbo _%P% hmeigel oetgtgop `fukdkfpo hupgeopp tf tbogx `fa~otgtfxp ge Ouxf~o med okpo|boxo% LfsoxeaoetM``fuetmhgkgtw Fccgò%

Tboxo mxo kmxlo med lxf|gel dgccoxoeòp ge tbo ~mò med p`f~o fc xolukmtfxwxocfxa occfxtp ge tbo _%P% med ftbox juxgpdg`tgfep% Tbow ~ut tbo _%P% cgeme`gmkamxiotp mt m dgpmdsmetmlo hw dxgsgel u~ `fptp med xodu`gel kg}ugdgtw%Pto~boe F,@feefx+ Amemlgel Dgxo`tfx fc Afxlme Ptmekow%

Gc pfao `fuetxgop df eft mdf~t tbo pmao bglb ptmedmxdp med oecfxò tboa|gtb tbo pmao xglfx+ |o `fukd |ged u~ |gtb me uekosok ~kmwgel cgokd tbmt lgsopme mdsmetmlo tf cgxap ge `fuetxgop |gtb kopp ptxgeloet ptmedmxdp% Jfbe\mkpb+ Cfxaox M`tgel @fa~txfkkox fc tbo @uxxoe`w%

Gc txmdgel ge tbo _%P% gp afxo or~oepgso+ osoe cfx m womx+ ~mxtg`g~metp amwpbgct txmdgel mhxfmd ge fxdox tf geùx kf|ox `fptp med feò txmdgel bmp afsodmhxfmd gt |gkk ho dgccgùkt tf lot hmì% ^xfcoppfx Bmk P% P`ftt+ Dgxo`tfx fc tbo^xflxma fe Getoxemtgfemk Cgeme`gmk Pwptoap mt Bmxsmxd Km|%

Tbo dgccoxoeòp hot|ooe ;L8> `faagtaoetp med tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t5 getbogx oa~bmpgp fe efehmeip `fukd mktox tbo `fa~otgtgso kmedp`m~o cfx _%P%efehmei cgeme`gmk cgxap xokmtgso tf tbogx cfxogle `fuetox~mxtp% Dmegok O% Efkko+Codoxmk Xopoxso%

Tbo xotuxe lm~ hot|ooe lxf|gel amxiotp med amxiotp |boxo lxf|tb |gkk

xoamge pkullgpb ptmedp tf |gdoe fsox tbo `fagel do`mdo% Mpgme hmeip ge~mxtgùkmx mxo kgiokw tf m`bgoso meeumk xosoeuo lxf|tb fc mxfued =>/ fsox tboeort do`mdo dfuhko tbo xmto fc dosokf~od amxiotp% AÌgepow # @fa~mew%



16/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: GEP_XOX PFKSOE@W

Jmeumxw 8>+ 8>=8

CM@T: Tbo ~xf~oxtw&`mpumktw gepuxmeò geduptxw xoamgeod pfksoet med ptxfeltbxfulbfut m do`mdo "8>>=!8>=>' tbmt `fetmgeod < fc tbo => afpt `fptkw `mtmptxf~bop getbo _egtod Ptmtop+ pu`b mp Buxxg`meo Imtxgem+ Buxxg`meo Gio+ med tbo toxxfxgpt mttmìp fcPo~toahox ==+ 8>>=%

Tbo geduptxw amgetmgeod gtp ptxoeltb duxgel 8>==+ |bg`b pm| xo`fxd tfxemdfmed tbuedoxptfxa kfppop ge oròpp fc $8? hgkkgfe+ ge`kudgel tbo osoetp tbmtdosmptmtod Tup`mkffpm+ Mkmhmam med Jf~kge+ Agppfuxg%

CM@T: Feo aompuxo fc gepuxox ptxoeltb gp tbo ~fkg`wbfkdoxp, pux~kup+ |bg`b gp tbo

dgccoxoeò hot|ooe me gepuxoxp mppotp med kgmhgkgtgop med gp upod tf dotoxageo megepuxoxp `m~m`gtw tf uedox|xgto xgpip% Mp fc Po~toahox 8>==+ tbo ~xf~oxtw&`mpumktwgepuxmeò geduptxw bmd m ~fkg`wbfkdoxp pux~kup fc $?02%3 hgkkgfe% Tbgp gp afxo tbmeoefulb tf `fsox=8? tgaop tbo gepuxod _%P% ~xf~oxtw kfppop cxfa Buxxg`meo Gxoeo%

CM@T: Duxgel tbo kmpt do`mdo+ _%P% kgco gepuxoxp ge`xompod tbogx ~fkg`w xopoxsop hw afxotbme ?>/% Kgco gepuxmeò `fa~megop ùxxoetkw bmso fsox $4 txgkkgfe ge ~fkg`w xopoxsop%

CM@T:Mp me ortxm pmcolumxd cfx ueor~o`tod `fetgeloe`gop+ kgco gepuxoxp mkpf `mxxwpux~kup cuedp med `m~gtmk ptfì+ |bg`b mafuetod tf $0=7 hgkkgfe mt tbo oed fc 8>=>+ 3/bglbox tbme 8>>7 kosokp%

CM@T: Dop~gto tbo kmxlo getoxemtgfemk `mtmptxf~bo kfppop fc 8>== "|boxoge ~xgsmtoxogepuxoxp ~mgd fut afxo tbme $=>> hgkkgfe ge `kmgap'+ tbo xogepuxmeò geduptxw oedod tbowomx |gtb eomxkw bmkc m txgkkgfe dfkkmxp fc `m~gtmk fe bmed+ mp |okk mp `fetgeloet `m~gtmkxopfuxòp%

Tbo xogepuxmeò po`tfx pu~~koaoetp tbo ~xgamxw gepuxmeò geduptxw% Cfxorma~ko+ getoxemtgfemk ~xgsmto xogepuxoxp ~mgd afxo tbme 3>/ fc tbo gepuxodkfppop mxgpgel fut fc tbo \fxkd Txmdo @oetox dgpmptox med afxo tbme 3>/ fctbo gepuxod kfppop cxfa Buxxg`meop Imtxgem+ Xgtm med \gkam ge 8>>?%

CM@T: Tbo ptxoeltb fc tbo gepuxmeò geduptxw gp `xgtg`mk tf tbo _%P% o`fefaw med lkfhmk

`fa~otgtgsoeopp% Fe mllxolmto+ tbo geduptxw: Oa~kfwp fsox8 agkkgfe Maoxg`mep9 @fetxghutop fsox$4>> hgkkgfe tf tbo emtgfep LD^9 Gesoptp hgkkgfep fc dfkkmxp fc ~xoaguap getf ptmto med kf`mk ~uhkg` ~xfjo`tp+

pu`b mp p`bffkp med xfmdp9 ^xfsgdop txgkkgfep fc dfkkmxp tf _%P% `m~gtmk amxiotp+ ge`kudgel $=%? txgkkgfe ge

`fx~fxmto ptfì bfkdgelp+ $4 txgkkgfe ge `xodgt amxiot mppotp+ med $8 txgkkgfe ge`fx~fxmto hfedp%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% =?


17/67

TBO TOE AFPT @FPTKW @MTMPTXF^BGOP+ _EGTOD PTMTOP"$ agkkgfep'

Gepuxod ~xf~oxtw kfppop

Xmei Dmto ôxgk Dfkkmxp |boe f`ùxxod Ge 8>=> dfkkmxp "8'

4 Jme% =774 Efxtbxgdlo+ @M omxtb}umio =8+?>> =>? Buxxg`meo \gkam =>+0>> ==+072

=> Po~% 8>>? Buxxg`meo Xgtm ?+38< 3+88>? Buxxg`meo Imtxgem $4=+=>> $4?+42=

2 Po~% 8>>4 Buxxg`meo Gsme 2+=0>

? Po~% 8>>2 Buxxg`meo Gio =8+?>> =8+4 Buxxg`meo @bmxkow > 88+4=8

8 Po~% 8>>=Cgxo+ Or~kfpgfe: \fxkd Txmdo @oetox+

ôetmlfe toxxfxgpt mttmìp



18/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: AFXTLMLO FSOXBMEL

^mxt G: \bmt gp gt6 \boxo gp gt6

Po~toahox =3+ 8>==

Tbo cfkkf|gel gecfxamtgfe gp ~xfsgdod hw Affdwp Memkwtg`p+ BFÔ EF\+ med tboAfxtlmlo Hmeioxp Mppf`gmtgfe%

CM@T: Tboxo bmso hooe amew ga~xfsoaoetp ge tbo bfupgel po`tfx pgeò tbo cgeme`gmk`xgpgp:

Tbo geduptxw bmp `fa~kotod eomxkw ? agkkgfe ~oxameoet afxtlmloafdgcg`mtgfep cfx bfaof|eoxp pgeò 8>>< m``fxdgel tf BFÔ EF\9

Duxgel 8>==+ cfux fc cgso afdgcg`mtgfep puhptmetgmkkw kf|oxod afetbkw ~xge`g~mkmed getoxopt ~mwaoetp med ge`kudod m cgrod getoxopt xmto cfx ? womxp fx afxom``fxdgel tf BFÔ EF\9

Omxkw ptmlo dokge}uoe`gop mxo df|e 0>/ cxfa 8>>7+ m``fxdgel tf Affdwpdmtm pulloptgel tbmt tbo |fxpt fc tbo bfupgel hupt gp ~mpt9

Efe!dgptxoppod bfupgel ~xgòp mxo ptmhgkgzgel m``fxdgel tf tbo AfxtlmloHmeioxp Mppf`gmtgfe9

Afxo tbme 7>/ fc Maoxg`mep mxo ùxxoet fe tbogx afxtlmlop m``fxdgel tf

Affdwp dmtm%

CM@T: Bf|osox+ tboxo xoamgep m afxtlmlo fsoxbmel fc xfulbkw 3 agkkgfe afxtlmloptbmt mxo posoxokw dokge}uoet "=8>) dmwp'+ cfxo`kfpod+ xomk!optmto f|eod+ med&fx sm`met~xf~oxtgop%

CM@T: Tbo afxtlmlo fsoxbmel `fetgeuop dop~gto tbo bgptfxg` mafuet fc afxtlmloafdgcg`mtgfep med mppgptmeò tf tbo bfupgel po`tfx+ med gt bmp ptmwod xfulbkw tbo pmaopgzo fsox tbo kmpt posoxmk womxp%

CM@T: Tbo afxtlmlo fsoxbmel gp xolgfemkkw `feòetxmtod% Feo!tbgxd fc mkk cfxo`kfpod

bfaop ge tbo _%P% mxo `feòetxmtod ge jupt t|f ptmtop m``fxdgel tf tbo AfxtlmloHmeioxp Mppf`gmtgfe: 8?/ mxo ge Ckfxgdm med =>%3/ mxo ge @mkgcfxegm% Gc feo mddp ge Eo|Joxpow "?/'+ Eo| Wfxi "?/'+ Gkkgefgp "?/'+ fsox cgctw ~oxòet fc cfxo`kfpuxop mxom``fuetod cfx ge tbopo cgso ptmtop% XOFp cfkkf| pgagkmx `feòetxmtgfe ~mttoxep%

CM@T: Affdwp optgamtop tbmt gt |gkk tmio uetgk mhfut 8>=? cfx tbo amjfxgtw fc posoxodokge}uoe`gop med cfxo`kfpuxop tf |fxi tbogx |mw tbxfulb tbo pwptoa med xotuxe tf 8>>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% =


19/67

optgamtop tbmt gt |gkk tmio t|f cukk womxp tf |fxi fcc tbo oròpp gesoetfxw fc sm`metbfupop+ lgsoe ùxxoet kosokp fc pu~~kw med doamed%

CM@T: Tbo afxtlmlo fsoxbmel bmp m pglegcg`met ga~m`t fe bfupgel ~xgòp med tbo

o`fefaw+ |bg`b |gkk ho dop`xghod ge ^mxt GG eort |ooi%

Cgxpt afxtlmlo kfmep+ TbpAfxtlmlo Fsoxbmel

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Ge Cfxo`kfpuxo

Pfuxòp: O}ugcmr+ Affdwp Memkwtg`p

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Po uxgtgzod Cxoddgo

Cmeego CBM

Hmeip

Pfuxòp: Cmeego+ Cxoddgo+ CBM+ CDG@+ Affdwp Memkwtg`p



20/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: AFXTLMLO FSOXBMEL

Po~toahox 80+ 8>==

^mxt GG Bf| dfop gt ga~m`t tbo o`fefaw6

CM@T: Tbo afxtlmlo fsoxbmel Ypoo ^mxt GQ bmp hooe m kmxlo xompfe tbmt tbo bfupgelpo`tfx gp ptxullkgel tf xo`fsox+ dop~gto bgptfxg` afdgcg`mtgfe med xocgeme`gel occfxtp hwtbo geduptxw med lfsoxeaoet%

CM@T: Affdwp Memkwtg`p optgamtop tbmt cmkkgel bfupgel ~xgòp |gkk xoduò LD^ hw >%?/tbgp womx mkfeo%

CM@T:M``fxdgel tf Affdwp xoòet ptudw+ cmkkgel bfupgel ~xgòp aome:

Kopp `fkkmtoxmk cfx pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp9 Kopp tmr xosoeuo cfx kf`mk lfsoxeaoetp ho`mupo ~xf~oxtw tmr xosoeuop

do`kgeo9 med+

Afxo bfaof|eoxp lf uedox |mtox mp tbogx kfmep oròod tbo amxiot smkuop fctbogx bfupop%

CM@T: Fe Po~toahox =3+ 8>==+ tbo Bfupgel ^fkg`w @fue`gk fc Tbo Cgeme`gmk PoxsgòpXfuedtmhko "B^@' amdo tbo cfkkf|gel xo`faaoedmtgfep tf tbo CBCM+ Txompuxw

Do~mxtaoet med B_D ge xop~fepo tf tbo xo}uopt cfx gdomp fe xodu`gel tbo Xomk OptmtoF|eod "XOF' ~xf~oxtgop fc tbo LPOp med CBM:

XOF ~xf~oxtgop pbfukd ho pfkd ge m tgaokw cmpbgfe+ med ge pglegcg`met hkfìphmpod fe kf`mk amxiot `fedgtgfep%

ûx`bmpoxp fc tbo XOF ~xf~oxtgop pbfukd bmso tbo ckorghgkgtw tf pokk+ xoet+ fxdoafkgpb gc eoòppmxw tf oemhko tbo kf`mk xomk optmto amxiot tf holge tfxo`fsox%

Mddgtgfemkkw+ tbopo ~xf~oxtgop eood tf ho pfkd cxoo med `komx tf ~ux`bmpoxp% Gtgp ga~fxtmet tbmt Cmeego Amo+ Cxoddgo Am` fx CBM df eft xoamge kmedkfxdp getbo XOF ~xfòpp%

Tbo cukk kottox cxfa B^@ `me ho cfued fekgeo mt:btt~:&&|||%cpxfued%fxl&cpx&~fkg`wVgppuop&xolukmtfxw&ftbox%mp~

http://www.fsround.org/fsr/policy_issues/regulatory/other.asphttp://www.fsround.org/fsr/policy_issues/regulatory/other.asp


21/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: P#^ med AMXIOT XOM@TGFEP

Mulupt 7+ 8>==

Ptmedmxd # ^ffx,p xmtgel mloe`w kf|oxod tbo kfel!toxa xmtgel fc tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoetmed codoxmk mloe`gop cxfa MMM tf MM) |gtb m eolmtgso futkffi mctox tbo amxiotp `kfpodfe Cxgdmw+ Mulupt ?+ 8>==% Ptmedmxd # ^ffxp~xfsgdod tbo cfkkf|gel xompfepcfx tbodf|elxmdo:

Tbo cgp`mk `fepfkgdmtgfe ~kme tbmt @felxopp med tbo Mdagegptxmtgfemlxood tf cmkkp pbfxt9

Maoxg`me ~fkg`wamigel bmp |omioeod mt m tgao fc felfgel cgp`mk medo`fefag` `bmkkoelop9 med

ôppgagpa mhfut tbo `m~m`gtw fc @felxopp med tbo Mdagegptxmtgfe tfxom`b m hxfmdox cgp`mk `fepfkgdmtgfe ~kme%

Hokf| mxo m poxgop fc ptmtoaoetp tbmt mxo ge pbmx~ `fetxmpt tf tbo amxiotp xom`tgfe tfP#^%

^xopgdoet Fhmam% Xoamxip fe P#^ Df|elxmdo% Mulupt 2+ 8>== Amxiotp |gkk xgpo med cmkk+ hut tbgp gp tbo _egtod Ptmtop fc Maoxg`m% Ef amttox

|bmt pfao mloe`w amw pmw+ |oso mk|mwp hooe med mk|mwp |gkk ho m MMM`fuetxw% Cfx mkk fc tbo `bmkkoelop |o cmò+ |o `fetgeuo tf bmso tbo hopt

uegsoxpgtgop+ pfao fc tbo afpt ~xfdu`tgso |fxioxp+ tbo afpt geefsmtgso`fa~megop+ tbo afpt mdsoetuxfup oetxo~xoeouxp fe Omxtb% \bmt potp up m~mxtgp tbmt |oso mk|mwp eft jupt bmd tbo `m~m`gtw+ hut mkpf tbo |gkk tf m`t tbodotoxagemtgfe tf pbm~o fux cutuxo9 tbo |gkkgeleopp ge fux doaf`xm`w tf |fxifut fux dgccoxoeòp ge m poepghko |mw med tf afso cfx|mxd+ eft jupt cfx tbgploeoxmtgfe hut cfx tbo eort loeoxmtgfe%

Txompuxw Po`xotmxw Tgaftbw Logtbeox% Mulupt ?+ 8>==% (P^ bmp pbf|e xomkkw toxxghko judlaoet med tbow,so bmedkod tboapoksop

soxw ~ffxkw Med tbow,so pbf|e m ptueegel kmì fc ief|kodlo mhfut hmpg`_%P% cgp`mk hudlot amtb% Med G tbgei tbow dxo| orm`tkw tbo |xfel `fe`kupgfe

cxfa tbgp hudlot mlxooaoet%(

Hfmxd fc Lfsoxefxp fc tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso Pwptoa+ Codoxmk Do~fpgt Gepuxmeò@fx~fxmtgfe+ Emtgfemk @xodgt _egfe Mdagegptxmtgfe+ Fccgò fc tbo @fa~txfkkox fctbo @uxxoe`w% Jfget Xokompo% Mulupt ?+ 8>==%

Cfx xgpi!hmpod `m~gtmk ~ux~fpop+ tbo xgpi |oglbtp cfx Txompuxw poùxgtgop medftbox poùxgtgop gppuod fx lumxmetood hw tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoet+ lfsoxeaoetmloe`gop+ med lfsoxeaoet!p~fepfxod oetgtgop |gkk eft `bmelo% Tbo txomtaoet

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% 8>


22/67

fc Txompuxw poùxgtgop med ftbox poùxgtgop gppuod fx lumxmetood hw tbo _%P%lfsoxeaoet+ lfsoxeaoet mloe`gop+ med lfsoxeaoet!p~fepfxod oetgtgop uedoxftbox codoxmk hmeigel mloe`w xolukmtgfep+ ge`kudgel+ cfx orma~ko+ tbo CodoxmkXopoxso Hfmxd,p Xolukmtgfe \+ |gkk mkpf ho uemcco`tod%

Emtgfemk Mppf`gmtgfe fc Gepuxmeò @faagppgfeoxp "EMG@' ^xopgdoet med Gf|mGepuxmeò @faagppgfeox Pupme O% Sfpp+ Mulupt ==%

Tboxo gp ef ga~m`t fe gepuxox gesoptaoetp ge _%P% lfsoxeaoet medlfsoxeaoet!xokmtod poùxgtgop cxfa tbo m`tgfep xoòetkw tmioe hw tbo xmtgelmloe`gop% Xgpi!hmpod `m~gtmk med mppot smkumtgfe xopoxsop mxo uemcco`tod%Ptmto gepuxmeò xolukmtfxp med tbo EMG@ |gkk `fepgdox `bmelop tf fuxxolukmtfxw txomtaoet gc gt ho`faop eoòppmxw ge tbo cutuxo%

Gecfxamtgfe Gepuxmeò Geptgtuto ^xopgdoet+ Dx% Xfhoxt Bmxt|gl% Mulupt 2+ 8>==% Tbo emtgfep ~xf~oxtw&`mpumktw gepuxoxp bmso soxw kgagtod dgxo`t or~fpuxo tf

tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoet hfed amxiot med bmso `fkko`tgsokw pot mpgdo buedxodp fchgkkgfep fc dfkkmxp tf ~mw uemetg`g~mtod `kmgap+ Dx% Xfhoxt Bmxt|gl pmgd% Hftbfc tbopo cm`tfxp |gkk oemhko tbo geduptxw tf f~oxmto occo`tgsokw dop~gto tboxoòet df|elxmdo fc kfel!toxa _%P% hfedp% @fepo}uoetkw+ Bmxt|gl mddod+Orgptgel ~fkg`wbfkdoxp+ ~of~ko med hupgeoppop cgkgel `kmgap med tbfpopooigel tf ~ux`bmpo gepuxmeò |gkk eft or~oxgoeò mew dgccgùktgop mxgpgel cxfatbo df|elxmdo%

Affdwp mccgxaod tbo Mmm xmtgel kmpt |ooi+ med xokompod m ptmtoaoet mhfut tboiow dxgsoxp fc fux `fecgxamtgfe fc tbo _P Mmm xmtgel% Mulupt 2+ 8>==%

Tbo _P xotmgep gtp Mmm ho`mupo fc tbo dgsoxpgtw med pgzo fc tbo _P o`fefaw+

m kfel xo`fxd fc pfkgd o`fefag` lxf|tb+ med tbo lkfhmk xfko fc tbo dfkkmx medtbo ueamt`bod m`òpp tf cgeme`gel gt ~xfsgdop+ fux xo~fxt or~kmgep% Kmpt|ooip ~mppmlo fc m Hudlot @fetxfk M`t |mp m ~fpgtgso pto~ tf|mxd docg`gtxodu`tgfe+ hut afxo |gkk ho xo}ugxod tf xosoxpo tbo u~|mxd txoed ge _P dohtxmtgfp9 boeò+ |o mppgleod m eolmtgso futkffi tf tbo xmtgel%%%

Cgt`b mccgxaod Mmm xmtgel kmpt |ooi% Tbow bmso eft `bmelod tbogx ~fpgtgfe% Mulupt8+ 8>==%

Cgt`b Xmtgelp pmwp tbmt+ mp gt or~o`tod+ mlxooaoet |mp xom`bod fe mege`xompo ge tbo _egtod Ptmtop, doht ògkgel med+ `faaoepuxmto |gtb gtp ,MMM,xmtgel+ tbo xgpi fc pfsoxogle docmukt xoamgep ortxoaokw kf|%

Txompuxw M`tgel Mppgptmet Po`xotmxw cfx O`fefag` ^fkg`w+ Jfbe Hokkf|p+ Jupt tboCm`tp: P#^,p $8 Txgkkgfe Agptmio% Mulupt 3+ 8>==%

Ge m dfùaoet ~xfsgdod tf Txompuxw fe Cxgdmw mctoxeffe+ Ptmedmxd med^ffxp "P^' ~xopoetod m judlaoet mhfut tbo `xodgt xmtgel fc tbo _%P% tbmt|mp hmpod fe m $8 txgkkgfe agptmio% Mctox Txompuxw ~fgetod fut tbgp oxxfx mhmpg` amtb oxxfx fc pglegcg`met `fepo}uoeò P^ ptgkk `bfpo tf ~xfòod |gtbtbogx ckm|od judlaoet hw pga~kw `bmelgel tbogx ~xge`g~mk xmtgfemko cfx tbogx`xodgt xmtgel do`gpgfe cxfa me o`fefag` feo tf m ~fkgtg`mk feo%%%%Gedo~oedoet fc

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% 8=


23/67

tbgp oxxfx+ tboxo gp ef juptgcgmhko xmtgfemko cfx df|elxmdgel tbo doht fc tbo _egtodPtmtop% Tboxo mxo agkkgfep fc gesoptfxp mxfued tbo lkfho tbmt txmdoTxompuxwpoùxgtgop% Tbow mppopp fux `xodgt|fxtbgeopp osoxw ageuto fc osoxw dmw+ medtbogx `fkko`tgso judlaoet gp tbmt tbo _%P% bmp tbo aomep med ~fkgtg`mk |gkk tf

amio lffd fe gtp fhkglmtgfep% Tbo amlegtudo fc tbgp agptmio med tbo bmpto|gtb |bg`b P^ `bmelod gtp ~xge`g~mk xmtgfemko cfx m`tgfe |boe ~xopoetod |gtbtbgp oxxfx xmgpo cuedmaoetmk }uoptgfep mhfut tbo `xodghgkgtw med getolxgtw fcP^p xmtgelp m`tgfe%

Ptoso Cfxhop+ ^xopgdoet med @OF+ Cfxhop (\okk+ G tbgei ge m emxxf| poepo+ gt gp m ~fkgtg`mk afso+ med G tbgei gt,p xomkkw ! gt,kk

pfued ptxmelo cfx ao tf pmw gt+ me futxmlofup afso%(

Hgkk Agkkox+ @bmgxame med @bgoc Gesoptaoet Fccgòx+ Koll Ampfe (Tbo df|elxmdgel hw Ptmedmxd ^ffx,p %%% |mp ~xo`g~gtfup+ |xfel+ med

dmeloxfup% Mt hopt+ P^ pbf|od m ptueegel glefxmeò med `fa~kotodgpxolmxd cfx tbo ~ftoetgmk `fepo}uoeòp fc gtp m`tgfep fe m cxmlgko lkfhmkcgeme`gmk pwptoa% %%% Gt gp tftmkkw uem`ò~tmhko tbmt ~xgsmtokw!f|eod+ cfx!~xfcgt`fa~megop pbfukd bmso p~o`gmk+ kolmkkw pme`tgfeod ptmtup mt tbo bomxt fc tbocgeme`gmk pwptoa tf cue`tgfe mp }umpg!xolukmtfxw mutbfxgtgop%(

Amxi Cogehoxl+ Cogehoxl @m~gtmk Mdsgpfxp (Fux sgo| gp |bgko tbo amxiotp amw xom`t eolmtgsokw tf tbo eo|p fc tbo

df|elxmdo med ftbox lkfhmk fsoxbmelp tbo xomkgtw gp tbo _P xoamgep feo fctbo pmcopt med ~ftoetgmkkw xo|mxdgel gesoptgel f~tgfep%(

Tfa Dfefbuo+ ^xopgdoet med @OF+ _%P% @bmahox (\bgko |o dfe,t mlxoo |gtb P^,p do`gpgfe tf df|elxmdo Maoxg`m,p `xodgt

xmtgel+ gtp m`tgfe pbfukd ho meftbox ~f|oxcuk geòetgso cfx km|amioxp tf df tbobmxd |fxi eoòppmxw tf lot fux cgp`mk bfupo ge fxdox%(

Kmxxw Puaaoxp+ ^xosgfup Dgxo`tfx fc Emtgfemk O`fefag` @fue`gk (P^,p txmì xo`fxd bmp hooe toxxghko med mp |o,so pooe tbgp |ooioed gtp

mxgtbaotg` gp |fxpo% Pf tboxo,p eftbgel lffd tf pmw mhfut |bmt tbow,so dfeo%(

Gepuxmeò Gecfxamtgfe Geptgtuto+ Mulupt 2+ 8>== Gesoptaoet ge`fao gp m `fa~mxmtgsokw pamkk ~mxt fc ^&@ gepuxox xosoeuop

|boe `fa~mxod tf tbo afegop tbopo gepuxoxp loeoxmto sgm ~xoaguap%^fkg`wbfkdox ~xoaguap ~mgd tf ^&@ gepuxoxp bmso tftmkod mew|boxo cxfa $48?hgkkgfe tf $4?> hgkkgfe om`b womx pgeò 8>>0+ |gtb eot gesoptaoet lmgep xmelgelcxfa $0= hgkkgfe tf $34 hgkkgfe meeumkkw |gtbge tbgp pmao tgao cxmao% M soxwpamkk cxm`tgfe fc tbo eot gesoptaoet lmgep cfx ^&@ gepuxoxp `fao ge tbo cfxa fc_%P% lfsoxeaoet hfed ge`fao% Med dop~gto tbo df|elxmdo mkk getoxopt duo|gkk ho ~mgd hw tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoet%^&@ gepuxoxp |fukd ptgkk bmso tbo mppotptbow eoodod tf `fsox mkk fc tbogx kgmhgkgtgop ~kup m ùpbgfe cfx ueor~o`tod



24/67

`kmgap o}umk tf $?>> hgkkgfe+ tbo xfulb o}ugsmkoet fc =8 Buxxg`meo Imtxgemp+tbo `fptkgopt emtuxmk dgpmptox ge _%P% bgptfxw%



25/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: PTXOPP TOPTP

Jmeumxw =0+ 8>=8

@X_R FC TBO TOPT: Ge Efsoahox 8>==+ tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso mpiod 0= _%P% hmeip"fsox $?> hgkkgfe ge mppotp' tf topt tbogx `m~gtmk kosokp mlmgept me o`fefag` pòemxgf osoe|fxpo tbme tbo 8>>2 xoòppgfe% Tbo Codp ptxopp pòemxgf |mp dopgleod tf topt tboxopgkgoeò fc tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp geduptxw med lgso amxiotp ~omò fc aged mhfut bf|au`b o`fefag` ~xoppuxo hmeip `fukd |gtbptmed |bgko amgetmgegel mdo}umto `m~gtmkhuccoxp%

Fe Jmeumxw 7+ 8>=8+ hmeip |oxo xo}ugxod tf puhagt tbo xopuktp fc tbogx ptxopptoptp tf tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso%

CM@T: Tbo Codoxmk Xopoxsop ptxopp topt xo}ugxod hmeip tf topt tbogx `m~gtmk kosokpmlmgept tbo cfkkf|gel mdsoxpo pòemxgf:

LD^ lxf|tb dxf~p tf eolmtgso 2/ ge ]= 8>=8% Tbo Df| dxf~p tf ?+> ge ]4 8>=8% Tbo ueoa~kfwaoet xmto jua~p tf =0/ ge 8>=0% @faaox`gmk xomk optmto dxf~p hw 80/ hw 8>=0% Bfupgel ~xgòp cmkk hw 8>/ hw 8>=4% Ouxf~o lfop getf m xoòppgfe med lxf|tb ge Mpgm dxmamtg`mkkw pkf|p%

CM@T: Tbo pòemxgf gp bglbkw uekgiokw% Cfx orma~ko: Tbo ueoa~kfwaoet xmto bmp eosox lfeo fsox ==/ "kot mkfeo xom`b =0/'

pgeò tbo Lxomt Do~xoppgfe% Tbo kf|opt afetbkw Df| `kfpo duxgel tbo afpt xoòet xoòppgfe |mp 38

"Cohxumxw 8>>7'% LD^ bmp dxf~~od hw 2/ fx afxo fekw t|f tgaop pgeò =74>2 "!2%7/'

med ]= =7?2 "!=>%4/'%

CM@T:Med tbo pòemxgf+ gc gt osox f`ùxxod+ |fukd ho `mtmptxf~bg` cfx eomxkw osoxwfeo%Affdw Memkwtg`p ~xfjo`tp tbmt gc gt `mao txuo:

Hw oed fc 8>=8+ 4%? agkkgfe mddgtgfemk jfhp |fukd ho kfpt+ `fa~mxod tf

Affdwp hmpokgeo cfxo`mpt9 Hw agd!8>=0+ emtgfemk doht |gkk bmso ge`xompod hw me mddgtgfemk $= txgkkgfe fsox

tbo hmpokgeo9 Hw tbo oed fc 8>=8+ xotmgk pmkop |fukd ho df|e =>/% Ge ~mxtgùkmx+ `mx pmkop

|fukd dxf~ fcc hw ? agkkgfe fx 00/ kf|ox tbme ~xfjo`tod pmkop%



26/67

CM@T: Tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso amiop gt soxw `komx gt gp FEKW M TOPT% Tbo ptxoppp`oemxgf gp: "=' eft m cfxo`mpt fx ~xfjo`tgfe cfx tbo _%P% o`fefaw9 "8' efx dfop gt tmiogetf m``fuet mew m`tgfep m hmei `fukd tmio tf agtglmto m `xgpgp%

CM@T: Tbo xopuktp fc tbo ptxopp topt |gkk ho feo fc tbo cm`tfxp pu~oxsgpfxp upo tfdotoxageo `fa~megop `m~m`gtw tf ~mw dgsgdoedp med ftbox `m~gtmk dgptxghutgfep% TboCodoxmk Xopoxso gp p`bodukod tf ~uhkgpb tbo xopuktp ge M~xgk%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsg`op Xfuedtmhko% 8?


27/67

Po`tgfe 8: O`fefag` Ga~m`t fc Xukop\bgko eomxkw osoxwfeo mlxoop tbmt xolukmtfxw xocfxa |mp eoodod+ tbosfkuao fc eo| xukop amedmtod hw tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t gp loeoxmtgelueòxtmgetw |gtbge tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp geduptxw med cgeme`gmk amxiotp%Tbo km| cgxa fc Dmsgp ^fki xo~fxtp tbmt DCM `mkkp cfx ef kopp tbme 02? eo|xukop tf ho ga~koaoetod ge tbxoo womxp% Amew fc tbopo xukop |gkkdxmamtg`mkkw mktox tbo |mwp cgeme`gmk poxsgòp cgxap med ftbox `fa~megop dfhupgeopp med tbo |mwp ge |bg`b tbo _%P% o`fefaw cue tgfep% Mp tbocodoxmk cgeme`gmk xolukmtfxw mloe`gop ga~koaoet tbopo eo| xukop+ gt gp`xgtg`mkkw ga~fxtmet tbmt tbow `fepgdox tbopo ùaukmtgso occo`tp fe tboo`fefaw%



28/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: @_A_KMTGSO \OGLBT

@fpt cfx Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp

Mulupt =7+ 8>==

Amew ptudgop `kmga tbmt tbo ùaukmtgso |oglbt fc eo| xukop |gkk ge`xompo tbo `fpt fchmpg` cgeme`gmk poxsgòp% ]umetgtmtgso optgamtop ge`kudo:

Xo}ugxo 8+83>+30= kmhfx bfuxp ~ox womx cfx `fa~kgmeò9 Xoduò omxegelp hw xfulbkw $8> hgkkgfe meeumkkw cfx kmxlopt hmeip9 Ge`xompo `fa~kgmeò `fptp cfx pamkk ~xf~oxtw!`mpumktw gepuxmeò

`fa~megop hw 03/

@fpt $=%2 hgkkgfe ge to`befkflw xo}ugxoaoetp mkfeo9 med @fpt $? tf $=> agkkgfe ~ox `fa~mew ~ox womx tf aoot txmdgel lugdokgeop%

Tbo hxomdtb fc Dfdd!Cxmei amiop gt ge`xompgelkw ga~fxtmet tbmt ~fkg`wamioxp ptmwagedcuk fc tbo `fptp med occo`tp tbmt tbo xolukmtgfe ge gtp tftmkgtw |gkk bmso fe fuxamxiotp% Tbo `fptp fc Dfdd!Cxmei |gkk ho oefxafup+ med |o |gkk bmso ef gdom fc tbom`tumk tftmk `fptp cfx womxp tf `fao% Lgsoe ~xgfx or~oxgoeò+ pu`b mp fxglgemk

optgamtop mhfut tbo `fpt fc Pmxhmeop Frkow+ tbfpo m`tumk `fptp |gkk ~xfsopuhptmetgmkkw afxo pglegcg`met tbme kolgpkmtfxp med xolukmtfxp ~xodg`tod% PO@@faagppgfeox+ Imtbkooe @mpow+ P~oo`b: Xolukmtfxw Ga~koaoetmtgfe medGa~kg`mtgfep fc Dfdd!Cxmei+ Jmeumxw 8>==%

M puxsow fc tbo Codoxmk Xolgptox pbf|p tbmt `fa~kwgel |gtb tbopo eo| xukop |gkkxo}ugxo me optgamtod 8+83>+30= kmhfx bfuxp osoxw womx% Tf ~ut tbgp euahox ge~oxp~o`tgso+ tf aoot tbo huxdoe fc fekw =>/ fc tbo eo| xukop xo}ugxod hw tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t+ gt |gkk tmio ?3+?=3 |fxi |ooip dosftod pfkokw tf tbgp mdagegptxmtgsohuxdoe+ fx afxo tbme =+=>> |fxi womxp% Gc =+>>> Maoxg`mep |fxiod cukk tgao mkk womx+osoxw womx+ |gtb ef sm`mtgfep fx bfkgdmwp+ tbow |fukd ptgkk ho uemhko tf `fa~koto mkk

tbo |fxi tbmt tbo xukop xo}ugxo% Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp @faagttoo+ Feo WomxKmtox: Tbo @fepo}uoeòp fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t% Mutbfxod hw @bmgxame P~oeòxHm`bup med Sgò!@bmgxame Joh Boepmxkgel% Jukw 8>==

Ge tbo cgxpt womx tbopo tbxoo xukop "`m~gtmk ~kmep+ ptxopp toptp med xopfkutgfe ~kmep'mxo ga~koaoetod+ tbo geduptxw |gkk eood tf p~oed 8+847+224 bfuxp tf `fa~kw |gtbxolukmtgfep% Tbo optgamtod meeumk `fpt cfx tbo geduptxw ge tbo po`fed womx fc tbopoxolukmtgfep med howfed gp


29/67

$


30/67

_egsoxpgtw+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: (Tbo @fptp fcGa~koaoetgel tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t: Hudlotmxw med O`fefag`%( Amx`b 0>+ 8>==

Bgptfxg`mkkw+ tbo `fpt fc xolukmtfxw `fa~kgmeò mp m pbmxo fc f~oxmtgel or~oepop gp

t|f med m bmkc tgaop lxomtox cfx pamkk hmeip tbme cfx kmxlo hmeip% Mkhoxt @% IokkwJx%+ Maoxg`me Hmeioxp Mppf`gmtgfe+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Puh`faagttoo feCgeme`gmk Geptgtutgfep med @fepuaox @xodgt: (Tbo Occo`t fc Dfdd!Cxmei fe PamkkCgeme`gmk Geptgtutgfep med Pamkk Hupgeoppop%( Amx`b 8+ 8>==

Tbo `m~p fe dohgt!`mxd txmepm`tgfe coop mkfeo amw `fpt tbo Ageeom~fkgp!hmpodhmei $4>> agkkgfe ge meeumk xosoeuo% Xg`bmxd Dmsgp+ ^xopgdoet med @OF+ _%P%Hmei+ _%P% Hme`fx~ Pmwp Xolukmtgfep Amw @fpt Afxo tbme $= Hgkkgfe% Jueo 8>==

Mt tbgp jue`tuxo |o hokgoso tbmt gegtgmk `fa~kgmeò |gtb tbo ^xf~fpod Xolukmtgfep |gkk`fpt om`b pu`b oetgtw m~~xfrgamtokw $?!=> agkkgfe% Getoxemtgfemk P|m~p med

Doxgsmtgsop Mppf`gmtgfe+ Kottox cgkod Cohxumxw 82+ 8>== ge xop~fepo tf tbo eftgò fc~xf~fpod xukoamigel: (@fecgxamtgfe+ ^fxtcfkgf Xo`fe`gkgmtgfe+ med ^fxtcfkgf@fa~xoppgfe Xo}ugxoaoetp cfx P|m~ Domkoxp med Amjfx P|m~ ^mxtg`g~metp%( ~oxòet fc mkkfutptmedgel pbfxt!toxa kg}ugdgtw% @kfpgel tbopo lm~p |gkk bmso m puhptmetgmk ga~m`t fe~xfcgtmhgkgtw% AÌgepow Xo~fxt+ Hmpok GGG med Ouxf~ome hmeigel: Gtp ga~m`t+ bf|hmeip aglbt xop~fed+ med tbo `bmkkoelop fc ga~koaoetmtgfe% Efsoahox 8>=>

Mt tbmt aootgel+ tbo @faagppgfe |mp ~xopoetod |gtb m $=%2 hgkkgfe `fpt optgamto tfga~koaoet `fa~kgmeò |gtb gecfxamtgfe to`befkflw xo}ugxoaoetp eoòppgtmtod uedoxDfdd!Cxmei+ cfx tbo tf~ =? kmxlo domkoxp% Fccgò fc tbo Gep~o`tfx Loeoxmk+MeGesoptglmtgfe Xolmxdgel @fpt!Hoeocgt Memkwpop ôxcfxaod hw tbo @faafdgtwCutuxop Txmdgel @faagppgfe ge @feeo`tgfe |gtb Xukoamigelp _edoxtmioe ûxpumettf tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t% M~xgk 8>==

Aw sgo| gp tbmt |o mxo ge dmelox fc txwgel tf p}uoozo tff au`b xgpi med `fa~korgtwfut fc hmeigel mp |o geptgtuto xocfxap tf mddxopp ~xfhkoap med mhupop ptoaagelcxfa tbo kmpt `xgpgp% Jfbe \mkpb+ M`tgel @fa~txfkkox fc tbo @uxxoe`w+ \mxegelfe Hmei Xukop Xocfxa% Jueo 8>==

Mt mew lgsoe tgao+ |o mt JÂfxlme @bmpo bmso


31/67

Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa:Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo 8>==

@gtglxfu~ |gkk bmso tf dgsopt gtp getoxopt ge smxgfup bodlo cuedp+ pu`b mp gtp

Afxtlmlo&@xodgt F~~fxtuegtw Cued+ |bg`b `kgahod =3/ ge tbo cgxpt cfux afetbp fc8>==+ mkafpt dfuhkgel gtp ~mò kmpt womx% Mhfut 7>/ fc tbo $07? agkkgfe gesoptod getbo cued gp tbo hmeip f|e `m~gtmk% ^xfcoppfx Bmk P% P`ftt+ Dgxo`tfx fc tbo@faagttoo fe @m~gtmk Amxiotp Xolukmtgfe+ Efauxm ^xfcoppfx med Dgxo`tfx fctbo ^xflxma fe Getoxemtgfemk Cgeme`gmk Pwptoap mt Bmxsmxd Km| P`bffk+Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa:Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo 8>==

Pamkk hupgeopp `faaoetp mp `fkko`tod hw tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp@faagttoo+ Feo Womx Kmtox: Tbo @fepo}uoeòp fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t% Mutbfxodhw @bmgxame P~oeòx Hm`bup med Sgò!@bmgxame Joh Boepmxkgel% Jukw 8>==:

Tfaaw \bgttmiox+ ~xopgdoet fc Tbo Cmxaoxp Hmei "Toeeoppoo':(Tboùaukmtgso huxdoe fc buedxodp fc eo| fx xosgpod xolukmtgfep amw ho m |oglbttff lxomt cfx amew pamkkox hmeip tf homx%

Dmxwk Hwxd+ ~xopgdoet med `bgoc oroùtgso+ GhoxgmHmei:(G tbgei wfu,xolfgel tf poo m kft fc `fepfkgdmtgfe%

\op Ptuxlop+ `bgoc oroùtgso+ @bmxkftto,p Hmei fc @faaoxò:(Tbo ftboxtbgel |o,kk bmso tf domk |gtb ! med |o,xo eft puxo bf| ! gp tbo Dfdd!Cxmei hgkk%Cfx m kgttko hmei kgio fuxp |gtb =7 ~of~ko+ tbmt `fukd ho m cukk!tgao jfh cfx

pfaohfdw tf amio puxo |o `fa~kw |gtb tbo ~xfsgpgfep fc tbo hgkk%(

Tbfamp Hfwko+ Sgò @bmgxame+ Ptmto Hmei fc @fuetxwpgdo "Gkkgefgp':Om`b eo| xolukmtgfe mddp meftbox kmwox fc `fa~korgtw med `fpt fc dfgelhupgeopp% Tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t |gkk mdd me mddgtgfemk+ oefxafup huxdoe+ bmpptgaukmtod me oesgxfeaoet fc ueòxtmgetw+ med bmp mddod eo| xgpip tbmt |gkkgeosgtmhkw txmepkmto getf co|ox kfmep tf pamkk hupgeoppop%

Hxmd ]umdo+ xolgfemk ~xopgdoet+ Jfbepfe Hmei "Agk|muioo hxme`b':\omxo lfgel tf bmso tf gesopt m kft afxo afeow getf ~of~ko med xopfuxòp tfamemlo tbo bomsgox `fa~kgmeò kfmd% Xglbt ef| gtp xo}ugxgel m lxomt domk fc

mddgtgfemk xopfuxòp tf lot fux mxap mxfued |bmt tbo or~oepo |gkk ho lfgelcfx|mxd%

Lxol Fbkoedfxc+ ^xopgdoet med @OF+ Cgxpt @faauegtw Hmei med Txupt"Gkkgefgp':Amew `faauegtw hmeip `fa~kmge tbmt tbo xo}ugxod `m~gtmk kosoklfmk~fpt gp ue~xodg`tmhko med xolukmtfxp pga~kw ioo~ afsgel gt cuxtbox+amigel gt eomxkw ga~fppghko tf pmtgpcw `m~gtmk doamedp ge m dgccgùkt o`fefawmed `m~gtmk amxiot ~kmò% Mp m xopukt+ hmeioxp mxo cfxòd tf ~ukk ge tbogx bfxep

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% 0>


32/67

med ~mpp u~ pfued kfme f~~fxtuegtgop ge fxdox tf ~xopoxso `m~gtmk% Tbgp gp eftbok~cuk cfx tbogx `faauegtgop med cfx fsoxmkk o`fefag` lxf|tb%



33/67


Ga~m`t fe Lkfhmk @fa~otgtgsoeopp

Mulupt =8+ 8>==

Amew ptudgop `kmga tbmt tbo ùaukmtgso |oglbt fc eo| xukop |gkk ga~m`t tbo mhgkgtw fcMaoxg`me `fa~megop tf ho getoxemtgfemkkw `fa~otgtgso% ]umetgtmtgso optgamtop ge`kudo:

Ef ftbox geduptxgmkgzod `fuetxgop ~kme tf oem`t ~xfsgpgfep tbmt ~mxmkkoktbo _%P% xoptxg`tgfep9

_%P% hmeip xo~xopoet 84/ fc tbo amxiot pbmxo fc tbo ?> kmxlopt lkfhmkhmeip+ df|e cxfa fsox ?>/ fekw oglbt womxp mlf9 @bgeopo hmeip xo~xopoet 88/ fc tbo lkfhmk amxiot pbmxo9 Txmepm`tgfe sfkuao ge Kfedfe mkxomdw oròodp tbmt ge Eo| Wfxi9 med Oa~bmpgp fe efehmeip `fukd mktox tbo `fa~otgtgso kmedp`m~o cfx _%P%

efehmei cgeme`gmk cgxap xokmtgso tf tbogx cfxogle `fuetox~mxtp%

Tboxo mxo kmxlo med lxf|gel dgccoxoeòp ge tbo ~mò med p`f~o fc xolukmtfxw xocfxaoccfxtp ge tbo _%P% YmedQ tbow ~ut _%P% cgeme`gmk amxiotp mt m dgpmdsmetmlo hw dxgsgelu~ `fptp med xodu`gel kg}ugdgtw% Med tbow df pf |gtbfut doafeptxmtgel mew `komxhoeocgt tf o}umk fx fut|oglb tbo `fepgdoxmhko `fptp tbow ga~fpo% Pto~boe

F@feefx+ Amemlgel Dgxo`tfx+ Afxlme Ptmekow+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmkPoxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa: Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo8>==

Ef ftbox geduptxgmkgzod `fuetxw ge Ouxf~o fx mxfued tbo |fxkd ~kme tf oem`t~xfsgpgfep tbmt ~mxmkkok tbo _%P% xoptxg`tgfep% Tbo cfxogle xolukmtfxp |o p~fio |gtbgedg`mtod tbmt gc tbo _%P% xoptxg`tgfep |oxo ga~koaoetod ge m |mw tbmt xoptxg`tp tbomhgkgtw fc _%P% hmeigel oetgtgop tf poxso tbogx `kgoetp tbxfulb amxiot!amigel+uedox|xgtgel+ fx ge ftbox |mwp+ tbmt _%P% hmeigel oetgtgop `fukd kfpo hupgeopp tf tbogx`fa~otgtfxp ge Ouxf~o med okpo|boxo% Lfsoxeaoet M``fuetmhgkgtw Fccgò+ LMFPtudw: Xolukmtfxp \gkk Eood Afxo @fa~xoboepgso Gecfxamtgfe tf Cukkw Afegtfx

@fa~kgmeò |gtb Eo| Xoptxg`tgfep \boe Ga~koaoetod% Jukw 8>==

Cgxpt+ gc `m~gtmk med kg}ugdgtw ptmedmxdp mxo pot tff bglb+ |o amw ueeoòppmxgkwxoptxg`t cgeme`gmk getoxaodgmtgfe med o`fefag` ~oxcfxameò% Po`fed+ gc pfao`fuetxgop df eft mdf~t tbo pmao bglb ptmedmxdp med oecfxò tboa |gtb tbo pmaoxglfx+ |o `fukd |ged u~ |gtb me uekosok ~kmwgel cgokd tbmt lgsop me mdsmetmlo tf cgxapge `fuetxgop |gtb kopp ptxgeloet ptmedmxdp% Ax% Jfbe \mkpb+ M`tgel @fa~txfkkox fc



34/67

tbo @uxxoe`w+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmkXolukmtfxw Xocfxa: Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo 8>==

Tbo dgccoxoeòp hot|ooe ;L8> `faagtaoetp med tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t5 ge tbogx

oa~bmpgp fe efehmeip `fukd mktox tbo `fa~otgtgso kmedp`m~o cfx _%P% efehmeicgeme`gmk cgxap xokmtgso tf tbogx cfxogle `fuetox~mxtp% Codoxmk Xopoxso Hfmxd+ _%P%Dfaoptg` med Getoxemtgfemk Cgeme`gmk Xocfxa ^fkg`w: Mxo L8> @faagtaoetp med tboDfdd!Cxmei M`t ge Pwe`6 Jukw 8>==%

M euahox fc efe!_%P% xolukmtfxp bmso mppoxtod tbmt tboxo mxo ef L!PGCGp ge tbogxbfao `fuetxw juxgpdg`tgfep+ tbup ~xfto`tgel tbogx dfaoptg` gepuxoxp cxfa boglbtoeodxolukmtgfe% Lmxw Bulbop+ Oroùtgso Sgò ^xopgdoet # Loeoxmk @fuepok fcMaoxg`me @fue`gk fc Kgco Gepuxoxp% Toptgafew mt Bfupo Cgeme`gmk PoxsgòpPuh`faagttoo Bomxgel+ Gepuxmeò Fsoxpglbt: ^fkg`w Ga~kg`mtgfep cfx _%P%@fepuaoxp+ Hupgeoppop+ med Jfhp% Jukw 82+ 8>==%

Tbgp ~fpop tbo xgpi tbmt Ouxf~ome _egfe pwptoap |gkk ho m~~kgod tf _P gepuxoxp|boe tbfpo pwptoap bmso hooe dosokf~od cfx dgccoxoet amxiotp med `fx~fxmtoptxu`tuxop tbmt mxo kopp `fedu`gso tf o`fefag` lxf|tb tbme tbo _P ptxu`tuxo%Tbo`feckg`t `fukd xopukt ge tbo mddgtgfe fc eo| kmwoxp fc du~kg`mtgso med geoccg`goetxolukmtgfe cfx _P gepuxoxp%%% Medxo| Cuxlmt`b+ @bmgxame fc tbo Hfmxd+ Amlem@mxtm Gepuxmeò @fa~megop% Toptgafew mt Bfupo Cgeme`gmk PoxsgòpPuh`faagttoo Bomxgel+ Gepuxmeò Fsoxpglbt: ^fkg`w Ga~kg`mtgfep cfx _%P%@fepuaoxp+ Hupgeoppop+ med Jfhp% Jukw 82+ 8>==%

Tbo eo| xolukmtfxw oesgxfeaoet bmp tbo ~ftoetgmk tf bmptoe xmtbox tbme xosoxpo tbo

kfel!toxa `fa~otgtgso do`kgeo fc tbo _%P% cgeme`gmk poxsgòp po`tfx+ sgp!!sgp fuxgetoxemtgfemk `fa~otgtfxp%%Efeo fc tbo |fxkdp cgso kmxlopt hmeip gp m _%P% hmei%_%P% hmeip xo~xopoet 84 ~oxòet fc tbo amxiot pbmxo fc tbo ?> kmxlopt lkfhmk hmeip+df|e cxfa fsox ?> ~oxòet fekw oglbt womxp mlf9 @bgeopo hmeip ef| bfkd 88~oxòet% Tbopo txoedp mxo kgiokw tf `fetgeuo mp oaoxlgel amxiotp `fetgeuo tfor~med% Ax% Hmxxw K% Zuhxf|+ Oroùtgso Sgò ^xopgdoet med @bgoc Xgpi Fccgòx+JÂfxlme @bmpo # @f%+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel:Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa: Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo 8>==

\o efto tbmt txmepm`tgfe sfkuao ge Kfedfe mkxomdw oròodp tbmt ge Eo| Wfxi% \omkpf efto tbmt tbo cgso kmxlopt _P!hmpod domkoxp xo~fxtod m eftgfemk mafuet

futptmedgel o}umk tf fekw 0==

Gc hmei ~xfcgtp dxf~ mt bfao ho`mupo fc tbo Sfkìox xuko+ _%P% hmeip amw afso tbogx~xf~xgotmxw txmdgel m`tgsgtgop tf tbogx cfxogle f~oxmtgfep% Tbgp txmepcox `fukd bmso m



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eolmtgso ga~m`t fe _%P% txmdo ge cgeme`gmk poxsgòp% @felxoppgfemk Xopomx`bPoxsgò+ Tbo Ptmtup fc tbo Hmpok GGG @m~gtmk Mdo}um`w M``fxd% F`tfhox 82+ 8>=>

Tbo ~oxògsod uecmgxeopp med ue~xodg`tmhgkgtw fc tbo _%P% kolmk pwptoa bmso dxgsoe

`fa~megop m|mw cxfa fux ~uhkg` or`bmelop9 43/ fc oroùtgsop puxsowod hokgosodtbo _%I% bmd afxo ~xodg`tmhko kolmk fut`faop `fa~mxod |gtb =3/ cfx tbo _%P%Bmxsmxd Hupgeopp Km|+ Ge Dfdd!Cxmei,p Pbmdf|: Tbo Do`kgegel @fa~otgtgsoeoppfc _%P% ûhkg` O}ugtw Amxiotp% Amx`b 8>==

Gt |gkk kgiokw ho kmto 8>=8 fx 8>=0 hocfxo tbo O%_% `fa~kotop gtp xukop% Gc txmdgel ge tbo_%P% gp afxo or~oepgso+ osoe cfx m womx+ ~mxtg`g~metp amw pbgct txmdgel mhxfmd gefxdox tf geùx kf|ox `fptp med feò txmdgel bmp afsod mhxfmd gt |gkk ho dgccgùkt tf lothmì% ^xfcoppfx Bmk P% P`ftt+ Dgxo`tfx fc tbo @faagttoo fe @m~gtmk AmxiotpXolukmtgfe+ Efauxm ^xfcoppfx med Dgxo`tfx fc tbo ^xflxma fe GetoxemtgfemkCgeme`gmk Pwptoap mt Bmxsmxd Km| P`bffk+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk

Poxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa: Tbo Getoxemtgfemk @fetort% Jueo8>==



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Ga~m`t fe @xodgt

Mulupt 0+ 8>==

Amew ptudgop `kmga tbmt tbo `uaukmtgso |oglbt fc eo| xukop |gkk ga~m`t tbo `fpt medmsmgkmhgkgtw fc `xodgt cfx `fepuaoxp med pamkk hupgeoppop% ]umetgtmtgso optgamtopge`kudo:

Fsox


37/67

Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsg`op Bomxgel: (Tbo @fptp fc Ga~koaoetgel tboDfdd!Cxmei M`t: Hudlotmxw med O`fefag`%( Amx`b 0>+ 8>==%

Fsox


38/67


Ga~m`t fe tbo O`fefaw

Jukw 87+ 8>==

Amew ptudgop `kmga tbmt tbo ùaukmtgso |oglbt fc eo| xukop |gkk mdsoxpokw ga~m`to`fefag` lxf|tb med jfh `xomtgfe% ]umetgtmtgso optgamtop ge`kudo:

Tftmk 8%3/ do`kgeo ge LD^ cxfa xolukmtfxw `bmelop9 4%3 agkkgfe jfhp kfpt cxfa xolukmtfxw `bmelop9

>%=7/ do`kgeo ge LD^ cfx om`b =/ ge`xompo ge `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp9 >%8/ do`kgeo ge LD^ |boe PGCG pux`bmxlo gp ga~koaoetod9 med $=%8? hgkkgfe fc hudlotmxw `fptp geùxxod hw eort womx%

Cfx tbo _%P%+ tbo ~mtb fc xomk LD^ |fukd ho kf|ox tbme ge m pòemxgf fc efxolukmtfxw `bmelo+ |gtb tbo eolmtgso ga~m`t xgpgel cmptopt ge tbo eort cgso womxp |boetbo o`fefaw gp ptxullkgel tf xopuao m pfkgd lxf|tb mlmgept tbo bomd|gedp fc m cgp`mk~fkg`w xosoxpmk% Geptgtuto cfx Getoxemtgfemk Cgemeò+ Tbo @uaukmtgso Ga~m`t fe tboLkfhmk O`fefaw fc Ge`xompod Xolukmtgfe fc tbo Hmeigel Geduptxw% Jueo 8>=>

Hw gepgptgel fe bglbox med bglbox kosokp fc xo}ugxod `m~gtmk+ xolukmtfxp xgpi amigel

~xo`gpokw tbo pmao agptmio mp tbogx ~xodoòppfxp mt m soxw pgagkmx jue`tuxo ge tboùxxoet o`fefag` xo`fsoxw !! |gtb ~ftoetgmkkw dgpmptxfup `fepo}uoeòp cfx tboemtgfe%( Mefewafup+ Cfxaox Poegfx Cod Fccg`gmk+ Xolukmtfxp Xgpigel Eo|Do~xoppgfe+ Jueo 8>==

Tbo ùaukmtgso occo`tp fc tbo smxgfup ~xfsgpgfep ge Hmpok GGG `fukd komd tf m do`kgeoge _%P% LD^ mkfeo fc u~ tf $7?= hgkkgfe fsox tbo ~oxgfd fc 8>== tf 8>=? m``fxdgel tftbo GGC% Hut mp @bmgxame Hoxemeio mdagtp+ |o xomkkw df eft ief| tbo ga~m`t9 gt aglbtho au`b |fxpo% ^xfcoppfx Bmk P% P`ftt+ Dgxo`tfx fc tbo @faagttoo fe @m~gtmkAmxiotp Xolukmtgfe+ Efauxm ^xfcoppfx med Dgxo`tfx fc tbo ^xflxma feGetoxemtgfemk Cgeme`gmk Pwptoap mt Bmxsmxd Km| P`bffk+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo

Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: Cgeme`gmk Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa: Tbo Getoxemtgfemk@fetort Jueo 8>==

Tbo optgamtod aodgua!toxa ga~m`t fc Hmpok GGG ga~koaoetmtgfe fe LD^ lxf|tb gpge tbo xmelo fc !>%>? tf !>%=? ~oxòetmlo ~fget ~ox meeua% FO@D+ Am`xfo`fefag`Ga~m`t fc Hmpok GGG+ Cohxumxw 8>==



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Cfx om`b ~oxòetmlo ~fget ge`xompo ge tbo tmxlot `m~gtmk xmtgf ga~koaoetod fsox mcfux!womx bfxgzfe+ tbo kosok fc LD^ xokmtgso tf tbo hmpokgeo ~mtb do`kgeop hw mamrgaua fc mhfut >%=7/% Am`xfo`fefag` Mppoppaoet Lxfu~+Mppoppgel tboam`xfo`fefag` ga~m`t fc tbo txmepgtgfe tf ptxfelox `m~gtmk med kg}ugdgtw xo}ugxoaoetp

! Getoxga Xo~fxt+ Mulupt 8>=>%

Tbo kfpp ge jfhp ge tbo xolukmtfxw `bmelo pòemxgf gp mhfut 4%3 agkkgfe hw 8>=?+Geptgtuto cfx Getoxemtgfemk Cgemeò+ Tbo @uaukmtgso Ga~m`t fe tbo Lkfhmk O`fefawfc Ge`xompod Xolukmtgfe fc tbo Hmeigel Geduptxw% Jueo 8>=>

Hw 8>=?+ tbo df|e|mxd dosgmtgfe ;fc LD^5 |fukd ho mhfut 8%3/% Geptgtuto cfxGetoxemtgfemk Cgemeò+ Tbo @uaukmtgso Ga~m`t fe tbo Lkfhmk O`fefaw fc Ge`xompodXolukmtgfe fc tbo Hmeigel Geduptxw% Jueo 8>=>

Ge`xompgel `m~gtmk kosokp hw tbo mafuetp xo}ugxod uedox Hmpok GGG aglbt mcco`t kfel!

toxa ~xfcgtmhgkgtw+ kfme lxf|tb med o`fefag` lxf|tb% Hkffahoxl LfsoxeaoetPtudw+ Hmpok GGG: Bf| _%P% Hmeip \gkk Cmxo _edox Eo| @m~gtmk Xo}ugxoaoetp+ Jueo8>==

Gt ga~fpop dgxo`t `fa~kgmeò `fptp med gtp dgptfxtgfep geduò o`fefag` `fptp ge tbocfxa fc xoduòd `m~gtmk gesoptaoet+ gecoxgfx xgpi!pbmxgel+ med kfpt `fa~otgtgsoeopp%Dx% Dfulkmp Bfktz!Omige+ ^xopgdoet+ Maoxg`me M`tgfe Cfxua+ Toptgafew mt tboBfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: (Tbo @fptp fc Ga~koaoetgel tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t:Hudlotmxw med O`fefag`%( Amx`b 0>+ 8>==

Tbo @HF xo~fxt tf @felxopp duxgel tbo dokghoxmtgfep fsox Dfdd!Cxmei dgd eft

osoe mttoa~t tf mddxopp tbo gedgxo`t `fptp fx ga~m`tp fe fux o`fefaw+ hut cfùpodpfkokw fe tbo eomx!toxa ga~m`t fe tbo codoxmk hudlot%Dx% Jmaop J% Melok+Mppf`gmto ^xfcoppfx fc Cgemeò+ A`Dfefulb P`bffk fc Hupgeopp+ Lofxlotf|e_egsoxpgtw+ Toptgafew mt tbo Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Bomxgel: (Tbo @fptp fcGa~koaoetgel tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t: Hudlotmxw med O`fefag`%( Amx`b 0>+ 8>==

Jof~mxdgzop cgeme`gmk xo`fsoxw hw xodu`gel `xodgt duxgel m posoxo o`fefag`xoòppgfe9 m tgao |boe tbo o`fefaw gp cxmlgko med tboxo gp mkxomdw tff kgttko `xodgt%Dmsgd Osmep med Jfpbum \xglbt+ Aox`mtup @oetox+ TBO OCCO@T FC TBO@FEP_AOX CGEME@GMK ^XFTO@TGFE MLOE@W M@T FC 8>>7 FE @FEP_AOX@XODGT+ Amx`b 8>=>

Fsox tbo cgxpt 8 womxp fc ga~koaoetmtgfe fc tbo PGCG pux`bmxlo+ lxf|tb `fukd hoxoduòd hw mp au`b mp >%8 ~oxòetmlo ~fgetp `fa~mxod tf tbo lxf|tb ga~m`t fc tboHmpok GGG xolukmtgfe% Geptgtuto cfx Getoxemtgfemk Cgemeò+ PGCG pux`bmxlop:Cuedmaoetmk Gppuop med Oa~gxg`mk Optgamtop+ M~xgk 8>==

Tbo ~mò fc ga~koaoetmtgfe `fukd `mupo pfao dgpxu~tgfe tf txmdgel+ med pbmx~bgiop ge `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp "mp au`b mp )$8 txgkkgfe+ |o optgamto' `fukd bmso tbo



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uegetoedod `fepo}uoeò fc xodu`gel amxiot kg}ugdgtw% Afxlme Ptmekow+ Fkgsox\wame+ Tbo Cutuxo fc @m~gtmk Amxiotp Gecxmptxu`tuxo "^DC'+ Cohxumxw 8>==

(Gc wfu xoptxg`t fx xo}ugxo afxo `m~gtmk fc hmeip+ |bmt |gkk bm~~oe gp tbmt tbow bmso tf

|mgt uetgk tbo dosgmtgfep Yge ~xgòQ lot kmxlox hocfxo tbow getoxaodgmto+ ho`mupo tbowbmso tf amio m xotuxe fe tbo `m~gtmk tbow mxo oa~kfwgel% Mp getoxaodgmxw poxsgòpptf~+ amxiotp tboe ho`fao afxo `bmftg`% Efhok ~xgzo |geeox+ Awxfe P`bfkop+Awxfe P`bfkop \mxep Mlmgept Oròppgso @m~gtmk Xo}ugxoaoetp+ Jueo 8>==

Tbo Lfsoxeaoet M``fuetmhgkgtw Fccgò "LMF' bmp optgamtod tbmt hw tbgp tgao eortwomx tbo hudlotmxw `fpt cfx Dfdd!Cxmei |gkk oròod $=%8? hgkkgfe+ |bg`b bmp tboocco`t fc pg~bfegel fcc xopfuxòp tbmt aglbt ftbox|gpo bmso lfeo tf|mxd docg`gtxodu`tgfe fx ~xgsmto po`tfx jfh `xomtgfe% Afxofsox+ tbo @felxoppgfemk Hudlot Fccgòbmp optgamtod tbmt fsox tbo eort toe womxp+ tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t |gkk tmio $8< hgkkgfedgxo`tkw cxfa tbo o`fefaw ge eo| coop med mppoppaoetp fe koedoxp med ftbox

cgeme`gmk `fa~megop% Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp @faagttoo+ Feo Womx Kmtox: Tbo@fepo}uoeòp fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t% Jukw 8>==

Tbo ùxxoet xukoamigel ~xfòpp gp pm`xgcg`gel }umkgtw med cmgxeopp cfx m~~mxoetp~ood+ xgpigel koeltbw `fuxt `bmkkoelop med ~ffx xukop tbmt |gkk dmamlo fux cgeme`gmkpwptoa med bgedox o`fefag` xo`fsoxw % % % Xmtbox tbme upgel m ~xudoet dokghoxmtgso~xfòpp+ p|oo~gel xocfxap mxo hogel }ugìkw ~upbod cfx|mxd |gtbfut ~xfsgdgelmdo}umto tgao cfx aomegelcuk cm`t!cgedgel fx dgmkfluo% @faagttoo fe @m~gtmkAmxiotp Xolukmtgfe+ Tbo ^mò fc Xukoamigel _edox tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t: Kottox tf@felxopp% Doòahox 8>=>

F~oxmtgel tbo @fepuaox Cgeme`gmk ^xfto`tgfe Huxomu "@C^H'+ m hxmed eo| mloe`w`xomtod hw tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t+ |gkk `fpt $087+>4?+>>> cfx 8>=8 mkfeo% Tbgp mafuetptf mkk fc tbo ge`fao med ~mwxfkk tmrop ~mgd hw 83+>>> msoxmlo Maoxg`me |fxioxp%Tbmt aomep 83+>>> Maoxg`mep |gkk |fxi mkk womx tf fccpot tbo `fpt fc tbgp eo|lfsoxeaoet huxomu`xm`w% Bfupo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp @faagttoo+ Feo Womx Kmtox:Tbo @fepo}uoeòp fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t% Mutbfxod hw @bmgxame P~oeòx Hm`bupmed Sgò!@bmgxame Joh Boepmxkgel% Jukw 8>==

Eo| cuedgel xopfuxòp xokmtod tf Dfdd!Cxmei xop~fepghgkgtgop duxgel tbo womxp8>==8>=8 xmelod cxfa m kf| fc $> cfx CT@ tf m bglb fc mxfued $087 agkkgfe cfx@C^H% Cuedgel xopfuxòp tf ga~koaoet tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t m``fuetod cfx mt kompt

8? ~oxòet fc tbo mloe`wp tftmk hudlot ge`xompo mt 7 fc tbo == mloe`gop ge tbo afptxoòet womx cfx |bg`b dmtm |oxo msmgkmhko Mloe`gop xo~fxtod tbmt afpt fc tbo `fptpxokmtod tf ga~koaoetgel tbo ~xfsgpgfep |gkk ho xoùxxgel% LfsoxeaoetM``fuetmhgkgtw Fccgò+ DFDD!CXMEI M@T: Okosoe Mloe`gop Optgamtop fcXopfuxòp cfx Ga~koaoetgel Xolukmtfxw Xocfxa% Jukw 8>==



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Cmpt Cm`tp: @_A_KMTGSO \OGLBT P_AAMXW

Po~toahox 7+ 8>==

Fsox tbo kmpt cfux |ooip+ tbo Xfuedtmhko bmp xokompod Cmpt Cm`tp mhfut tbo `uaukmtgso|oglbt fc eo| xukop% M poko`tgfe fc tbopo cm`tp `me ho cfued hokf|:

LD^ |gkk do`kgeo 8%3/ cxfa xolukmtfxw `bmelop9 4%3 agkkgfe jfhp |gkk ho kfpt cxfa xolukmtfxw `bmelop9


42/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: GA^M@T FC DCM # HMPOK FE TBO O@FEFAW

F`tfhox ==

Tbxoo xoòet xo~fxtp ~xopoet tbo pfhoxgel xomkgtw tbmt fux o`fefaw+ `xodgt+ medgetoxemtgfemk `fa~otgtgsoeopp `fukd ho `fa~xfagpod mp m xopukt fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`tmed Hmpok GGG% Tbgp gp `fepgptoet |gtb tbo `fe`kupgfep fc eomxkw =>> ftbox xo~fxtp medptudgop tbo Xfuedtmhko bmp `fa~gkod tbmt memkwzo tbo o`fefag` ga~m`t fc xolukmtfxw`bmelop%

Tbo cgeme`gmk `xgpgp doafeptxmtod tbo eood cfx xolukmtfxw xocfxa+ hut xocfxa pbfukd hoga~koaoetod ge m |mw tbmt dfop eft gebghgt o`fefag` lxf|tb+ jfh `xomtgfe+ med Maoxg`mehupgeoppop%

Tbo tbxoo xo~fxtp xokompod ge Po~toahox 8>== mxo mp cfkkf|p:

Geptgtuto cfx Getoxemtgfemk Cgemeò: Tbgp xo~fxt u~dmtop GGCp 8>=> mppoppaoet fc tboùaukmtgso ga~m`t fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t med Hmpok GGG fe o`fefag` m`tgsgtw%

Mp m dgxo`t xopukt fc xolukmtfxw `bmelop+ hw 8>=?:

Xomk _%P% LD^ gp ~xfjo`tod tf ho 8%==%

AÌgepow # @fa~mew: Tbgp xo~fxt mxluop tbmt eo| xukop ~kmò _%P% cgeme`gmkgeptgtutgfep mt m `fa~otgtgso dgpmdsmetmlo%

Tboxo gp m |gdoegel lm~ hot|ooe lxf|gel med efe lxf|gel amxiotp% Cfxorma~ko+ Mpgme hmeip mxo kgiokw tf m`bgoso meeumk xosoeuo lxf|tb fc mxfued=>/ fsox tbo eort do`mdo dfuhko tbo xmto fc dosokf~od amxiotp%

Ge`xompgel xolukmtgfe gp tbo pgelko kmxlopt cm`tfx fc ~fpt!`xgpgp hmei ~xfcgtmhgkgtw"fx kmì tboxofc' ge tbo _%P% med Ouxf~o%_%P% hmeip |gkk eood tf txg~ko tbogx eot~xfcgtp hw 8>=? tf `fsox tbo `fpt fc xmgpgel tbo `m~gtmk xo}ugxod uedox Hmpok GGGmed tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t%



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Tbgp gp dfuhko tbo ~xfcgt kosok tbmt AÌgepow cfxo`mptp _%P% hmeip mxo kgiokw tfm`bgoso duxgel tbgp ~oxgfd%

Tbo Ptmto fc Lkfhmk Hmeigel Ge Pomx`b fc m Puptmgemhko Afdok+ Po~toahox

8>==%

Tbo @komxgel Bfupo: Tbgp xo~fxt pbf|p tbmt eo| `m~gtmk xukop |gkk bmso m eolmtgsoga~m`t fe `xodgt%

Xokmtgso tf ~xo!`xgpgp kosokp+ hmeip |fukd bmso tf xmgpo me mddgtgfemk =>>/afxo `m~gtmk "$?8? hgkkgfe' tf aoot Hmpok GGGp `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp%

Gc tbo L!PGH pux`bmxlo gp ga~fpod+ hmeip |gkk eood tf xmgpo me mddgtgfemk 33/afxo `m~gtmk "$?>> hgkkgfe' fe tf~ fc tbmt%

Tf aoot tbopo `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp+ _%P% hmeip |fukd bmso tf ogtbox ge`xompotbo hfxxf|gel `fptp tf tbogx ùptfaoxp hw 3> hmpgp ~fgetp fx xoduò efe!getoxopt or~oepop hw =7/%

Bf| Au`b @m~gtmk Gp Oefulb6 @m~gtmk Kosokp med L!PGH @m~gtmk Pux`bmxlop+Po~toahox 83+ 8>==



44/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: GA^M@T FC D_XHGE MAOEDAOET CFX

@FEP_AOXP

Efsoahox =3+ 8>==

Fe F`tfhox =+ 8>==+ tbo Duxhge Maoedaoet |oet getf occo`t=% Xoòet puxsowppbf| tbmt tbo ga~m`t fc tbo Duxhge Maoedaoet |gkk ho eoutxmk fx eolmtgso cfx`fepuaoxp%

CM@T: Afpt aox`bmetp |gkk poo puhptmetgmk dohgt coo pmsgelp mp m xopukt fc tbo DuxhgeMaoedaoet% TPL Aotxg`p Puxsow+ F`tfhox =4+ 8>==%

CM@T: Tbo msoxmlo pmsgelp ~ox aox`bmet gp $83>%84 cfx osoxw $=>>+>>> fc pglemtuxodohgt med `xodgt `mxd sfkuao ~xfòppod% Bomxtkmed ^mwaoet Pwptoap Puxsow+ F`tfhox82+ 8>==%

\mpbgeltfe D@ aox`bmetp xoògsod tbo bglbopt msoxmlo pmsgelp fc $000%74%

CM@T: Tboxo gp ef kolmk xo}ugxoaoet cfx aox`bmetp tf ~mpp fe pmsgelp cxfa tbo DuxhgeMaoedaoet tf `fepuaoxp%

CM@T: Ge cm`t+ 4=/ fc aox`bmetp xo~fxtod tbow df eft getoed tf ~mpp fe kf|ox dohgt`mxd `fptp tf `fepuaoxp+ |boe mpiod mhfut tbo Duxhge Maoedaoet% DXC Puxsow+

Po~toahox =+ 8>==% ?3/ fc aox`bmetp ge tbo puxsow xo~fxtod tbow dfet ief| wot |bmt tbow |gkk

df%

CM@T: Tboxo gp ùxxoetkw ef ~uhkgpbod xopomx`b pbf|gel tbmt `fepuaoxp bmso pooexoduòd coop mt ptfxop mp m xopukt fc tbo Duxhge Maoedaoet%

CM@T:Mddgtgfemkkw+ `fepuaoxp mxo cm`gel bglbox hmei coop+ m``fxdgel tf tbo 8>==Hmeixmto @boìgel Puxsow% Hmeixmto @boìgel Puxsow+ 8>==%

Jupt 4? ~oxòet fc efegetoxopt `boìgel m``fuetp mxo cxoo fc amgetoemeò`bmxlop+ df|e cxfa 3? ~oxòet ge 8>=> med >7%

(Tbo oetgxo afdok fc cxoo`boìgel bmp hooe tuxeod u~pgdodf|e ho`mupo fc ;Xolukmtgfe O med tbo Duxhge Maoedaoet5+( pmgd MjmwEmlmximtto+ amemlgel dgxo`tfx fc @bg`mlf!hmpod HMG Xopomx`b+ ge tboHmeixmto puxsow%

Pfuxò: Gepuxmeò Gecfxamtgfe Geptgtuto+ 8>=8



45/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: GETOXEMTGFEMK @M^GTMK XO]_GXAOETP

Po~toahox 8+ 8>==

CM@T: _edox Hmpok GGG+ hmeip amw ho xo}ugxod tf bfkd u~ tf 7%?/ fc Tgox = `faafeo}ugtw% Tbgp gp afxo tbme dfuhko~xosgfup `m~gtmk kosokp% Tbo `fxo comtuxop fc Hmpok GGGge`kudo:

Me ge`xompod agegaua Tgox = `faafe o}ugtw xo}ugxoaoet cfx hmeip cxfa 8/tf 4%?/%

M `fepoxsmtgfe huccox fc 8%?/ tf |gtbptmed cutuxo ~oxgfdp fc ptxopp+ med M ~fppghko `fuetox!`w`kg`mk huccox( fc 8%?/ fe tf~ fc tbmt%

CM@T: Tbo kmxlopt hmeip |gkk ho puhjo`t tf mddgtgfemk `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp "m PGCGpux`bmxlo' tbmt `fukd hxgel xo}ugxod `faafe o}ugtw cfx pfao fc tbopo geptgtutgfep u~ tf=8/%

Tbo mddgtgfemk `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoet |gkk xmelo cxfa =/ tf 8%?/% Gc tbo hgllopt hmeip `fetgeuo tf lot hgllox+ tboxo gp tbo ~fppghgkgtw fc mddgtgfemk

=/ pux`bmxlo fe tf~ fc tbmt%

CM@T: Pf+ bf| au`b `m~gtmk gp tbgp ge `fetort6 Tbo ;Hmpok GGG5 `m~gtmk kosok gp m kosok soxw co| kmxlo _%P% hmeip |oxo mhko tf

m`bgoso mt tbo boglbt fc tbogx xo`fxd kosok fc ~xfcgtp ge 8>>3+ m``fxdgel tf tbo@felxoppgfemk Xopomx`b Poxsgò%

CM@T: Ge mddgtgfe tf ge`xompod `m~gtmk xmtgfp+ Hmpok GGG gp au`b ptxg`tox fe tbo `mkùkmtgfefc tbopo xmtgfp% Ge ftbox |fxdp+ osoe gc tbo xo}ugxod xmtgfp ptmwod tbo pmao mp tfdmw+m`bgosgel tbfpo xmtgfp |fukd ho cmx afxo dgccgùkt%

CM@T: \bmt gp tbo ga~m`t fc tbopo mddgtgfemk `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp6 Hmeip ~mpp m xgpo ge hmei cuedgel `fptp+ duo tf bglbox `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp+

tf tbogx ùptfaoxp+ m``fxdgel tf tbo FO@D%

Cfx om`b ~oxòetmlo ~fget ge`xompo ge tbo tmxlot `m~gtmk xmtgf ga~koaoetodfsox m cfux!womx bfxgzfe+ tbo kosok fc LD^ xokmtgso tf tbo hmpokgeo ~mtbdo`kgeop hw >%=7+ m``fxdgel tf tbo Am`xfo`fefag` Mppoppaoet Lxfu~%

Ge`xompgel `m~gtmk kosokp hw tbo mafuetp xo}ugxod uedox Hmpok GGG aglbt mcco`t kfel!toxa~xfcgtmhgkgtw+ kfme lxf|tb med o`fefag` lxf|tb+ m``fxdgel tf Hkffahoxl Lfsoxeaoet%



46/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: ^XF@W@G@MK sp% @F_ETOX@W@KG@MK ^FKG@GOP

Mulupt 83+ 8>==

Fe Mulupt ===+ tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko xokompod m ptudw `faagppgfeodtbxfulb tbo @kucc Cued med mutbfxod hw Dxp% Hgkk Kfelhxmio med @kgccfxd Xfppg+ oetgtkod:Tbo ^xf`w`kg`mk soxpup @fuetox`w`kg`mk ^fkg`w Occo`tp fe Cgeme`gmk Amxiotp%Hokf| mxoiow tmiom|mwp cxfa tbo xo~fxt%

CM@T: Amxiotp mxo geboxoetkw w`kg`mk% Tboxo mxo hffap med huptp% ^xf`w`kg`mk ~fkg`gop ormlloxmto tbo u~p med df|ep fc hupgeopp `w`kop "o%l% tbo

lffd tgaop mxo xomkkw lffd+ tbo hmd tgaop mxo xomkkw hmd'%

@fuetox`w`kg`mk ~fkg`gop xoduò tbo koeltb med ortoet fc hupgeopp `w`ko`fetxm`tgfep%

CM@T: Feo fc tbo afpt pglegcg`met ~xf`w`kg`mk cfxòp gp cgeme`gmk xolukmtgfe+ |bg`b `meeolmtgsokw ga~m`t o`fefag` lxf|tb med geefsmtgfe%

CM@T: Xolukmtfxp mxo afxo m~t tf ga~koaoet ~xf`w`kg`mk "sp% `fuetox`w`kg`mk' ~fkg`gop% Xocko`tgel tbo kfppop med xo`xgagemtgfep fc tbo hupt+ xolukmtfxp mxo mcxmgd fc

hogel `xgtg`gzod tboapoksop+ mcxmgd fc amigel cuxtbox agptmiop+ med txwgel tfxohugkd tbogx do~fpgt gepuxmeò cued |bg`b bmp pbxuei tf eolmtgso eot |fxtb%Xom`tgel tf tbo ~mgecuk agptmiop mkxomdw amdo+ tbow `kma~ df|e cfxòcukkw% Tbgp`fetxm`tp `xodgt cuxtbox tbme tbo `xgpgp mkxomdw bmp+ Mkor ^fkkfì+ Poegfx Cokkf| mttbo Maoxg`me Oetox~xgpo Geptgtuto+ |xgtop ge bgp cfxo|fxd tf tbo xo~fxt%

CM@T: Orma~kop fc ~xf`w`kg`mk ~fkgòp tbmt amw bmso `fetxghutod tf |fxpoegel meddoo~oegel tbo cgeme`gmk xgpgp ge`kudo: kfme kfpp xopoxsgel m``fuetgel xukop9 pu~oxsgpfxwga~koaoetmtgfe fc xolukmtfxw ~fkg`w9 xolukmtfxw `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp9 kg}ugdgtwxo}ugxoaoetp9 do~fpgt gepuxmeò ~xoaguap9 med cmgx smkuo m``fuetgel xukop%

CM@T: Dxp% Hgkk Kfelhxmio med @kgccfxd Xfppg ormageo tbopo ~xf`w`kg`mk ~fkg`gop medfccox `fuetox`w`kg`mk mktoxemtgsop med iow xo`faaoedmtgfep:

@ffxdgemtgfe% Xolukmtfxp pbfukd `ffxdgemtotf agtglmto ~xf`w`kg`mk ga~m`tp%

M``fuetmhgkgtw% Xolukmtfxp pbfukd ho m``fuetmhkocfx agtglmtgel ~xf`w`kg`mkga~m`tp% Xolukmtfxw @m~gtmk Xo}ugxoaoetp% Xolukmtfxp pbfukd ptudw tbo ~ftoetgmk

`fepo}uoeòp fc tbo ~xf~fpod Hmpok GGG `m~gtmk xo}ugxoaoetp cfx koedgel medo`fefag` lxf|tb med memkwzo `fuetox`w`kg`mk mktoxemtgsop%

Kg}ugdgtw Xo}ugxoaoetp% Tbo Hmpok @faagttoo fe Hmeigel Pu~oxsgpgfe med_%P% xolukmtfxp pbfukd osmkumto ~ftoetgmk pglegcg`met uegetoedod `fepo}uoeòp fc

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% 4?


47/67

tbo t|f ~xf~fpod xo}ugxod kg}ugdgtw xmtgfp med pbfukd ogtbox xosgpo tbo xmtgfp tfagtglmto pu`b `fepo}uoeòp fx xo~kmò tbo xmtgfp |gtb pu~oxsgpfxw lugdokgeop%

Cmgx Smkuo M``fuetgel Xukop% Tbo _%P% Cgeme`gmk M``fuetgel Ptmedmxdp Hfmxd"CMPH' med tbo Getoxemtgfemk M``fuetgel Ptmedmxdp Hfmxd "GMPH' pbfukd

`fetgeuo tf |fxi tf|mxd bmxafegzgel _P med getoxemtgfemk cmgx smkuo m``fuetgel"CSM' ~xge`g~kop+ med ge dfgel pf+ pbfukd ho mttoetgso tf agtglmtgel ~ftoetgmk~xf`w`kg`mk ga~m`tp%

M cukk `f~w fc tbo xo~fxt gp msmgkmhko boxo:btt~:&&|||%cpxfued%fxl&cpx&~dcp&`kucc&@fuetox`w`kg`mkÔ%~dc

http://www.fsround.org/fsr/pdfs/cluff/CountercyclicalPE.pdfhttp://www.fsround.org/fsr/pdfs/cluff/CountercyclicalPE.pdf


48/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: 4tb ]_MXTOX XOL_KMTFXW F_TKFFI

F`tfhox =+ 8>==

CM@T: M``fxdgel tf Dmsgp ^fkip Dfdd!Cxmei ^xflxopp Xo~fxt+ =88 xuko domdkgeop |oxoagppod ge tbo 0xd }umxtox+ med 0< eo| xukop mxo duo tf ho cgemkgzod ge 4tb }umxtox%

CM@T: Tbup+ fsox =?> xukop ~ftoetgmkkw `fukd ho cgemkgzod hot|ooe F`tfhox!Doòahox8>==% Tbgp mafuet fc xukoamigel gp ue~mxmkkokod tf mew ftbox }umxtox pgeò Dfdd!Cxmei|mp ~mppod%

CM@T: Tbxoo txme`bop fc xukop tf or~o`t mxo:

=% Mkxomdw ~xf~fpod xukop med lugdmeò m|mgtgel cgemkgzmtgfe9

Tbgp ge`kudop `m~gtmk ~kmeegel+ CDG@ mppoppaoet xo~fxtgel cfx puh!~xgaokfmep med kosoxmlod kfmep+ ptxopp toptgel ptmedmxdp+ med tbo Sfkìox Xuko%

8% Xukop cxfa Po`tgfep =3? med =33 fc tbo Dfdd!Cxmei M`t+ med9

Tbopo xukop |gkk ho gppuod hw tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso med m~~kw tf hmei bfkdgel`fa~megop fsox $?> hgkkgfe med efehmeip dopglemtod hw tbo Cgeme`gmkPtmhgkgtw Fsoxpglbt @faagttoo%

Tbo ~mìmlo fc xukop gp or~o`tod tf ho fsox =+>>> ~mlop kfel+ `fetmgegelxo}ugxoaoetp cfx xgpi!hmpod `m~gtmk9 kosoxmlo9 kg}ugdgtw9 fsoxmkk xgpiamemloaoet9 `feòetxmtgfe kgagtp9 xgpi `faagttoop+ med9 Codoxmk Xopoxsodgxo`tod ptxopp toptgel med xo`fsoxw ~kmeegel%

0% Hmpok GGG `m~gtmk med kg}ugdgtw xo}ugxoaoetp%

Fe Efsoahox 0!4+ 8>==+ tbo L!8> Komdoxp Puaagt |gkk aoot ge @meeop+Cxmeò tf dgpùpp Hmpok GGG xo}ugxoaoetp% Tbo Hmpok GGG xo}ugxoaoetp mxodotmgkod boxo%



49/67

Po`tgfe 0: @faagttod tf @uptfaoxp

Tbo po`fed bmkc fc 8>== |mp amxiod hw ge`xompod koedgel med jfh pu~~fxt%

Feo orma~ko fc tbgp gp pamkk hupgeopp koedgel% Tbo cgeme`gmk poxsg`opgeduptxw ortoedod fsox $3>> hgkkgfe ge kfmep tf pamkk hupgeoppop duxgel8>==+ ~kodlgel me mddgtgfemk $=>> hgkkgfe ge kfmep cfx 8>=8 med howfed% Mpm xopukt+ fsox 70/ fc pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp xo~fxt tbmt tbogx `xodgt eoodpmxo aot% Efehmeip tff xma~od u~ tbogx pamkk hupgeopp occfxtp+ ~xfsgdgelodu`mtgfe+ eot|fxigel+ med cgeme`gmk ~kmeegel tf agkkgfep fc pamkkhupgeoppop%



50/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: CGEME@GMK KGTOXM@W GE TBO @KMPPXFFA

Jukw 88+ 8>==

CM@T: Cgeme`gmk kgtoxm`w gp ga~xfsgel ge tbo p`bffkp% =0 ptmtop xo}ugxo ptudoetp tf tmio m ~oxpfemk cgemeò `fuxpo mp m bglb p`bffk

lxmdumtgfe xo}ugxoaoet+ u~ cxfa < ge 8>>/'+ fx gesoptgel tbogx afeow "40/'%

Eomxkw ?> ~oxòet fc tooep mxo uepuxo fc bf| tf upo m `xodgt `mxd occo`tgsokw + wot84/ tbgei bglb p`bffk fx wfuelox gp |boe tbow pbfukd lot tbogx cgxpt `xodgt `mxd%

CM@T:M``fxdgel tf m Eot|fxip Cgeme`gmk Geptgtuto puxsow+ 4=/ fc cgeme`gmk kgtoxm`w

tom`boxp hokgoso feo fc tbo amjfx fhptm`kop ~xosoetgel tboa cxfa tom`bgel cgeme`gmkkgtoxm`w gp m kmì fc amtoxgmkp%

CM@T: Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko bmp gdoetgcgod 03 cxoo ~xflxmap tbmt `me houpod ge `kmppxffap med mt bfao% Fc tbopo ~xflxmap+ 88 ùxxgùkuap `me ho `fa~kotodfekgeo+ med 3 ùxxgùkuap ~xfsgdo cxoo sfkuetoox tutfxp%

CM@T: Fsox 8> dgccoxoet codoxmk mloe`gop bmso afxo tbme ?> cgeme`gmk kgtoxm`w gegtgmtgsopuedox |mw tbmt `fukd ho kosoxmlod cfx tbo `kmppxffa%



51/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: BOK^GEL SOTOXMEP CGED JFHP

Doòahox =8+ 8>==

M``fxdgel tf m xoòet lfsoxeaoet xo~fxt+ tbo jfhkopp xmto cfx sotoxmep |mp =8%=~oxòet ge F`tfhox 8>==+ oròodgel tbo fsoxmkk 7 ~oxòet emtgfemk xmto% TboCgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko puxsowod gtp aoahoxpbg~ ge Doòahox 8>== tf poo|bmt gedgsgdumk `fa~megop mxo dfgel tf bok~ sotoxmep cged jfhp%

Hokf| gp m poko`tgfe fc aoahox `fa~mew xop~fepop:

Hmei fc Maoxg`m+ @gtglxfu~+ med ftbox cgeme`gmk `fa~megop holme Sotoxmep fe \mkkPtxoot% Sotoxmep fe \mkk Ptxoot "SF\P' gp me gegtgmtgso dodg`mtod tf bfefxgel cfxaoxagkgtmxw ~oxpfeeok med oa~kfwoop ùxxoetkw ge tbo Emtgfemk Lumxd med Xopoxso hwcm`gkgtmtgel `mxoox med hupgeopp f~~fxtuegtgop ge tbo cgeme`gmk poxsgòp geduptxw% Hmeifc Maoxg`m+ @gtglxfu~%

HkmìXfì bmp ~mxteoxod |gtb Maoxg`me @fx~fxmto ^mxteoxp "M@^' tf aoetfx Gxm}med Mclbmegptme sotoxmep mp tbow txmepgtgfe tf `gsgkgme `mxooxp% M~~xfrgamtokw ?>HkmìXfì ~xfcoppgfemkp cxfa mxfued tbo `fuetxw |gkk ho amt`bod ge feo!fe!feo+womxkfel aoetfxpbg~p |gtb sotoxmep ge Eo| Wfxi+ Pme Cxme`gp`f med tbo^bgkmdok~bgm mxom% HkmìXfì mkpf |gkk amio m cgeme`gmk `fetxghutgfe tf M@^ gepu~~fxt fc gtp occfxtp% HkmìXfì%

HEW Aokkfe bmp ~xfsgdod afxo tbme $= agkkgfe ge pu~~fxt tf posoxmk sotoxmep,fxlmegzmtgfep ge tbo _egtod Ptmtop med _egtod Igeldfa ge xoòet womxp% HEWAokkfe%

@gtg oa~kfwp afxo tbme 8+>>> pokc!gdoetgcgod sotoxmep m`xfpp gtp hupgeoppop+ge`kudgel afxo tbme 3>> sotoxmep bgxod tbgp womx !! fe ~mò tf oròod tbo lfmk @OFSgixma ^medgt pot ge Mulupt 8>== tf bgxo mp amew mp ?>> afxo sotoxmep fsox tboeort =8 afetbp% @gtg gp me fccg`gmk ~mxteox fc tbo Agkgtmxw P~fupo Oa~kfwaoet^mxteoxpbg~ med m pglemtfxw fc tbo Oa~kfwox Pu~~fxt cfx tbo Lumxd Xopoxso%

Mddgtgfemkkw+ @gtg @bmgxame Dgì ^mxpfep komdp tbo oa~kfwaoet |fxi ptxoma medpoxsop fe tbo Mdsgpfxw Hfmxd fc Jfgegel Cfxòp+ m emtgfemk gegtgmtgso optmhkgpbod hwCgxpt Kmdw Ag`bokko Fhmam med Dx% Jgkk Hgdoe tf oe`fuxmlo gedgsgdumkp+ `faauegtgopmed hupgeoppop tf pu~~fxt sotoxmep med tbogx cmagkgop% @gtglxfu~%

LO ùxxoetkw oa~kfwp afxo tbme =>+>>> _%P% sotoxmep med |fxip tf xo`xugt afxosotoxmep med xopoxsgptp hw bfptgel med mttoedgel sotoxmep `mxoox cmgxp+ xueegel mxoef|eod LO komdoxpbg~ dosokf~aoet ~xflxma tmgkfxod p~o`gcg`mkkw cfx agkgtmxwfccgòxp med ~mxteoxgel tf mppgpt sotoxmep ge tbogx txmepgtgfe tf `gsgkgme kgco% Feo pu`b

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% ?>


52/67

~mxteoxpbg~ |gtb tbo _%P% Mxaw Xopoxso lumxmetoop ~xgfxgtw `fepgdoxmtgfe cfx jfhgetoxsgo|p cfx mkk }umkgcgod ~mxtg`g~mtgel pfkdgoxp ef kmtox tbme 0> dmwp mctox`fa~kotgel agkgtmxw f`ù~mtgfemk p~o`gmktw txmgegel% Mp m cfuedgel aoahox fc

Maoxg`me @fx~fxmto ^mxteoxp+ LO `fetgeuop tf aoetfx sotoxmep txmepgtgfegel% Ge

8>== LO |mp emaod m tf~ Agkgtmxw Cxgoedkw Oa~kfwox cxfa LG Jfhp Amlmzgeo cfx tbooglbtb `fepoùtgso womx% LO%

Tbo Bmxtcfxd bmp hooe xo`flegzod cfx gtp pu~~fxt cfx sotoxmep med gp ~xfud tf ho mL%G% Jfhp Tf~ =>> Agkgtmxw!Cxgoedkw Oa~kfwox+ m xo`flegtgfe gt bmp xoògsod cfx tbxoo`fepoùtgso womxp% Tbo Bmxtcfxd mkpf xoògsod tbo @feeo`tgùt OPLXp ^xf ^mtxgm

M|mxd ge 8>=>+ tbo bglbopt bfefx lgsoe hw m ptmto OPLX @faagttoo tf oa~kfwoxp%Ge 8>>2+ Tbo Bmxtcfxd cfxaod m pu~~fxt eot|fxi cfx tbo `fa~mew,p xopoxso`fa~feoet pfkdgoxp+ pmgkfxp+ mgxaoe+ amxgeop med `fmptlumxdpaoe |bg`b gp f~oe tfmkk oa~kfwoop% Ge 8>=8+ tbgp lxfu~ |gkk ho pme`tgfeod mp me fccg`gmk SotoxmepOa~kfwoo Xopfuxò Lxfu~ mt Tbo Bmxtcfxd% Tbo Bmxtcfxd%

JÂfxlme @bmpo gp m cfuedgel aoahox fc tbo =>>+>>> Jfhp Agppgfe+ m `fmkgtgfe`faagttod tf bgxgel =>>+>>> txmepgtgfegel poxsgò aoahoxp med agkgtmxw sotoxmep hw8>8>% Tbo cgxa mkpf ~kmep tf pbmxo hopt xo`xugtgel med oa~kfwaoet ~xm`tgòp mp |okkmp bgxgel xopuktp tf oe`fuxmlo mddgtgfemk pu~~fxt% JÂfxlme @bmpo%

Kghoxtw Autumk ~mxteoxod |gtb Maoxg`me @fx~fxmto ^mxteoxp "M@^' tf fccox `mxooxaoetfxgel cfx sotoxmep fc tbo |mxp ge Mclbmegptme med Gxm} hw eomxkw 4> KghoxtwAutumk oa~kfwoop% Kghoxtw Autumk%

^xge`g~mk Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ xoògsod tbo Po`xotmxw fc Docoepo Oa~kfwox Pu~~fxt

Cxoodfa M|mxd ge 8>==+ tbo bglbopt xo`flegtgfe lgsoe hw tbo _%P% Lfsoxeaoet tfoa~kfwoxp cfx tbogx pu~~fxt fc tbogx oa~kfwoop |bf poxso ge tbo Emtgfemk Lumxd medXopoxso% Tbo Cxoodfa M|mxd gp ~xopoetod meeumkkw tf tbo emtgfe,p =? afptpu~~fxtgso oa~kfwoxp% ^xge`g~mk Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~%

^xudoetgmk Cgeme`gmk+ Ge`% |gkk `fetxghuto $3%8 agkkgfe tf => efe~xfcgt lxfu~p tbmt bok~_%P% agkgtmxw sotoxmep med tbogx cmagkgop txmepgtgfe hmì getf `gsgkgme kgco% ^xudoetgmkCgeme`gmk+ Ge`%

TD Hmei xoòetkw p~fepfxod posoxmk p`bfkmxpbg~p cfx xotuxegel sotoxmep tf~mxtg`g~mto ge tbo \fxkd fc ^fppghgkgtgop Txmepgtgfegel tf Lxooe Cfxua% TD Hmei%

_%P% Hmei ~kmep tf dfuhko gtp agkgtmxw bgxgel eort womx+ mctox bgxgel 8>> sotoxmep medaoahoxp fc tbo lumxd med xopoxso tbgp womx% Gt mkxomdw oa~kfwp mkafpt =+>sotoxmep med aoahoxp fc tbo lumxd med xopoxso% Tbo cgxa kmue`bod m agkgtmxw!p~o`gcg` xo`xugtgel |ohpgto med uesogkod m eo| ~mgd komso ~fkg`w mkkf|gel oa~kfwoop|gtb cmagkw poxsgel ge tbo agkgtmxw mddgtgfemk tgao fcc% _%P% Hme`fx~%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% ?=


53/67

\okkp Cmxlf bmp `fepgptoetkw pbf|e hxfmd pu~~fxt fc gtp poxsgò aoahox!oa~kfwoop+ osgdoeò ge gtp xoòg~t fc euaoxfup OPLX M|mxdp med tbo Ptmto fc@mkgcfxegm OPLX ^xf ^mtxgm M|mxd% Ge Po~toahox 8>==+ \okkp Cmxlf |gkk ho~xopoetod tbo Po`xotmxw fc Docoepo Oa~kfwox Pu~~fxt Cxoodfa M|mxd+ tbo bglbopt

xo`flegtgfe lgsoe hw tbo _%P% lfsoxeaoet tf oa~kfwoxp cfx tbogx oroa~kmxgkw pu~~fxtfc tbogx oa~kfwoop |bf poxsop ge tbo Emtgfemk Lumxd med Xopoxso% \okkp Cmxlf%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% ?8


54/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: BFKGDMW OKO@TXFEG@ PBF^^GEL

Doòahox 8+ 8>==

Oko`txfeg` pbf~~gel gp tbo xopukt fc womxp fc gesoptaoet hw cgeme`gmk poxsgòp`fa~megop med aox`bmetp% Gt gp pu~~fxtod hw `mkk òetoxp+ cxmud ~xosoetgfeoccfxtp+ med geefsmtgso ~mwaoetp to`befkflw tbmt mxo kmxlokw gesgpghko% Cfx womxp+~of~ko pbf~~od |gtb cgmt ùxxoe`w mt hxgì med afxtmx cm`gkgtgop% Ef|+ wfu `mepbf~ fekgeo cxfa tbo `facfxt fc wfux f|e bfao%

CM@T: @whox Afedmw |mp tbo hgllopt fekgeo p~oedgel dmw ge bgptfxw+ m``fxdgel tf GHA% Fekgeo pmkop cfx @whox Afedmw |oxo u~ 00 ~oxòet `fa~mxod tf 8>=>%

CM@T: Fekgeo pmkop cfx do~mxtaoet ptfxop fe Hkmì Cxgdmw |oxo u~ ?7 ~oxòet`fa~mxod tf kmpt womx+ m``fxdgel tf GHA%

CM@T: Ge tftmk+ eomxkw 4> ~oxòet fc mkk pmkop fsox tbo 4!dmw Tbmeiplgsgel |ooioed|oxo amdo fekgeo%

CM@T: Bfkgdmw pbf~~gel sgm afhgko ~bfeop ge`xompod hw 4>>/ tbgp womx+ dmtm cxfa tboEmtgfemk Xotmgk Codoxmtgfe pbf|p%

Tbo euahox fc Maoxg`mep pmwgel tbow |fukd upo tbogxafhgko dosgò tf pbf~fe @whox Afedmw bmp lfeo cxfa jupt 0%3 agkkgfe "0%2/ fc tbo ~f~ukmtgfe' ge8>>7 tf =


55/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: KOEDGEL

Jmeumxw 8=8

CM@T: Koedgel bmp xotuxeod tf ~xo!`xgpgp kosokp fc eomxkw $< txgkkgfe+ m``fxdgel tf dmtmcxfa tbo Codoxmk Xopoxso% _%P% `faaox`gmk hmeip bmd ortoedod $3%744 txgkkgfe fc kfmepmp fc Efsoahox 8>==+ |bg`b gp $=2< hgkkgfe mhfso Efsoahox 8>>< kosokp%

CM@T: Hupgeopp koedgel lxo| hw 2/ duxgel 8>==% @faaox`gmk hmeip bmd $=%04 txgkkgfege kfmep ortoedod tf hupgeoppop fc mkk pgzop mt tbo `kfpo fc 8>==+ |bg`b gp $=>> hgkkgfeafxo tbme tbo oed fc 8>=>+ m``fxdgel tf CDG@ dmtm%

CM@T: Pamkk hupgeopp hfxxf|gel bgt m cfux!womx bglb ge Efsoahox 8>==+ m``fxdgel tftbo Tbfapfe Xoutoxp&^mwEot Pamkk Hupgeopp Koedgel Gedor% Tbo gedor |mp u~ =2/cxfa Efsoahox 8>=>%

Tbo Xfuedtmhkop 8>== Pamkk Hupgeopp Xo~fxt pbf|p tbmt $3>> hgkkgfe gepamkk hupgeopp kfmep |oxo ortoedod ge 8>==+ med tbo kmxlopt hmeip~kodlod $=>> hgkkgfe afxo fsox tbo eort tbxoo womxp%

CM@T: @fepuaox `xodgt puxlod hw tbo afpt ge m do`mdo ge Efsoahox 8>==% Ge tbohgllopt lmge pgeò Efsoahox 8>>=+ `xodgt jua~od tf $8%42 txgkkgfe+ gedg`mtgel tbmtbfupobfkdp mxo lmgegel tbo `fecgdoeò tf tmio fe doht med hmeip mxo afxo |gkkgel tfkoed+ Hkffahoxl xo~fxtod%

CM@T: Tbo `xodgt }umkgtw fc kfmep fe hmeip hffip bmp pglegcg`metkw ga~xfsod% Dmtm cxfatbo Pt% Kfugp Codoxmk Xopoxso pbf|p tbo xmtgf fc efe~oxcfxagel `faaox`gmk kfmep tf`faaox`gmk kfmep bmp do`xompod hw ?4/ cxfa tbo boglbt fc tbo `xgpgp ge Jukw 8>>7 tf8>==%

Duxgel 8>>7+ cfx osoxw = ~oxcfxagel `faaox`gmk kfme fe m hmeip hffip+tboxo |oxo me msoxmlo fc 0%? efe~oxcfxagel feop% Ef|+ tbo xmtgf fc~oxcfxagel kfmep tf efe~oxcfxagel feop gp = tf =%

CM@T:Mp fc tbo tbgxd }umxtox fc 8>==+ tbo mafuet fc efeùxxoet kfmep "7> dmwp fx afxo~mpt duo' bmd cmkkoe cfx pgr `fepoùtgso }umxtoxp+ m``fxdgel tf tbo CDG@ ]umxtoxkwHmeigel xo~fxt%



56/67

Cmpt Cm`tp: PAMKK H_PGEOPP KOEDGEL

^mxt G

F`tfhox =4+ 8>==

CM@T: Pamkk hupgeopp kfmep hmìod hw tbo _%P% Pamkk Hupgeopp Mdagegptxmtgfexom`bod $0> hgkkgfe ge CW 8>==+ tbo bglbopt amxi ge tbo mloe`wp bgptfxw %=

CM@T: @uxxoetkw+ fsox $3+ 8>==+ Sgò ^xopgdoet Hgdoe meefueòd m $8> hgkkgfe+ tbxoo!womx `faagtaoet hw =0 amjfx hmeip tf ge`xompo koedgel tf pamkk hupgeoppop geuedoxpoxsod `faauegtgop% Tbo cfkkf|gel cgeme`gmk geptgtutgfep ;mkk Xfuedtmhkoaoahoxp5 |oxo xo~xopoetod mt tbo meefueòaoet:

\okkp Cmxlf Iow @fx~ Xolgfep Buetgeltfe A#T J^ Afxlme @bmpo

@gtgzoep Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ @gtglxfu~ Hmei fc Maoxg`m TD Hmei _P Hmei Ê@ Pue Txupt

CM@T: Tbo fsox|bokagel amjfxgtw fc pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp "70/' xo~fxt tbmt tbogxcgemeò eoodp mxo aot fx tbow mxo eft getoxoptod ge hfxxf|gel+ m``fxdgel tf tbo EmtgfemkCodoxmtgfe fc Gedo~oedoet Hupgeoppop F~tgagpa Gedor%

CM@T:M``fxdgel tf tbo _%P% @bmahox fc @faaoxòp pamkk hupgeopp puxsow xokompodfe F`tfhox =8+ 8>==+ pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp, tf~ gppuo med hgllopt `bmkkoelo gp tboloeoxmk o`fefag` `kgamto% Ftbox xo~fxtod `feòxep mxo:

O`fefag` ueòxtmgetw "8?/'

=Tbgp gp ge pbmx~ `fetxmpt |gtb tbo Txompuxwp Pamkk Hupgeopp Koedgel Cued+ |bg`b dgphuxpod fekw $4hgkkgfe fc tbo $0> hgkkgfe msmgkmhko%

@f~wxglbt 8>=8+ Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko% ??


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Maoxg`mp lxf|gel doht med docg`gt "=0/' Fsox!xolukmtgfe "=8/' Tbo 8>=> Bomktb`mxo hgkk "=0/' Kfpp fc xosoeuo "2/'



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^mxt GG

F`tfhox 8=+ 8>==

Tbo Cgeme`gmk Poxsgòp Xfuedtmhko puxsowod gtp aoahoxpbg~ tbgp afetb tf poo |bmtgedgsgdumk `fa~megop mxo dfgel tf bok~ pamkk hupgeoppop m`òpp `xodgt%

\o cfued tbmt ge 8>==+ cgeme`gmk poxsgòp `fa~megop: Amdo $=>> hgkkgfe fc eo| pamkk hupgeopp kfme ~kodlop

Bgxod buedxodp fc pamkk hupgeopp kfme fccgòxp Ge`xompod pamkk hupgeopp koedgel mew|boxo cxfa =?/ tf 7>/ Ortoedod m xo`fxd mafuet fc PHM kfmep "$0> hgkkgfe futptmedgel'


Hmei fc tbo \opt bmp ge`xompod kfmep tf pamkk hupgeoppop hw 27/ mp fc Mulupt8>== `fa~mxod tf tbo pmao ~oxgfd ge 8>=>% Mddgtgfemkkw+ Hmei fc tbo \opt bmpdfuhkod gtp euahox fc pamkk hupgeopp hmeioxp% Hmei fc tbo \opt%

Hmei fc Maoxg`mp eo| `xodgt fxglgemtgfep tf pamkk hupgeoppop ge tbo cgxpt bmkc fc 8>==

|oxo u~ afxo tbme 0? ~oxòet fsox tbo pmao ~oxgfd kmpt womx% Hmei fc Maoxg`m bmpbgxod afxo tbme 4>> pamkk hupgeopp hmeioxp ge xoòet afetbp med ~kmep tf bgxoxfulbkw =+>>> tftmk hw agd!8>=8% Hmei fc Maoxg`m%

HHT gp tbo #= PHM Kmxlo&Emtgfemk Hmei koedox ge Efxtb @mxfkgem med Sgxlgegm%HH#T%

Tbxfulb Po~toahox 8>==+ pamkk hupgeopp koedgel gp u~ afxo tbme 0?/ fsox tbopmao tgao ~oxgfd kmpt womx% HHSM @fa~mpp%

HAF |gkk amio me mddgtgfemk $? hgkkgfe msmgkmhko tf pamkk med aodgua!pgzod

hupgeoppop fsox tbo eort t|f womxp tf pu~~fxt tbo o`fefag` xo`fsoxw hw p~uxxgelhupgeopp gesoptaoet med jfh `xomtgfe% HAF Cgeme`gmk @fx~fxmtgfe%

@m~gtmk Feo fxglgemtod m kmxlo sfkuao fc pamkk hupgeopp kfmep ge 8>=> =2


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@GT Lxfu~ Ge`% ~xfsgdod fsox $= hgkkgfe ge eo| kfme `faagtaoetp duxgel tbo po`fed}umxtox fc 8>==+ me ge`xompo fc eomxkw 0>/ fsox tbo cgxpt }umxtox% @GT Lxfu~%

@gtg ~kodlod $84 hgkkgfe ge _P pamkk!hupgeopp koedgel fsox tbo eort tbxoo womxp+

ge`kudgel $< hgkkgfe tbgp womx+ $2 hgkkgfe eort womx+ med $7 hgkkgfe ge 8>=0% Kmpt womx+tbo `fa~mew amdo $3 hgkkgfe ge pamkk!hupgeopp kfmep+ `fa~mxod |gtb $4%? hgkkgfe ge8>>7% @gtg%

Cgctb Tbgxd Hmei bmp tbo `m~m`gtw tf ortoed $82 hgkkgfe ge eo| med xoeo|od `xodgt tf}umkgcgod `faaox`gmk med pamkk hupgeopp ùptfaoxp tbxfulb Jukw 8>=8% Cgctb Tbgxd%

Cgxpt @faafe|omktb Hmei bmp ge`xompod gtp cfùp fe bok~gel pamkk hupgeoppop gexoòet womxp med ef| bmp eomxkw 0> Hupgeopp Hmeigel Fccgòxp ~mxteoxgel |gtb ==8hxme`b fccgòp tbxfulbfut gtp =?!`fuetw cfft~xget tf ~xfafto med lxf| xokmtgfepbg~p|gtb kf`mk hupgeoppop% Cgxpt @faafe|omktb Hmei%

Cgxpt Egmlmxm Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ bmp `fa~kotod me $2 agkkgfe kfme mlxooaoet |gtbEfxtbompt Hugkdoxp Pu~~kw Bfao @oetoxp Tbo domk oroa~kgcgop Cgxpt Egmlmxmp`faagtaoet tf ~xfsgdgel kf`mk hupgeoppop |gtb tmgkfxod koedgel pfkutgfep tbmt mxoxop~fepgso tf tbogx eoodp med ptxoeltbp% Cgxpt Egmlmxm Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~%

BPH@ Hmei ge`xompod pamkk hupgeopp eo| kfme fxglgemtgfe =? ~oxòet womx!fsox!womx ge tbo cgxpt egeo afetbp fc 8>==% BPH@%

Buetgeltfe ~kmep tf koed $4 hgkkgfe tf pamkk hupgeoppop ge tbo Agd|opt fsox m tbxoo!womx ~oxgfd+ |gtb m pto~~od ge`xompo ge pamkk hupgeopp koedgel tbxfulb 8>=8 med

howfed% Buetgeltfe%

@bmpo `faagtp tf koed $=8 hgkkgfe tf Maoxg`me pamkk hupgeoppop ge 8>==+ m 8>/ge`xompo fsox gtp 8>=> `faagtaoet% Gt ~ut afxo tbme =>>+>>> eo| kfmep cfx |fxigel`m~gtmk+ toxa kfmep cfx or~mepgfe+ `faaox`gmk afxtlmlop+ kgeop fc `xodgt medhupgeopp `xodgt `mxdp fe gtp hffip ge tbo cgxpt tbxoo afetbp fc 8>==% JÂfxlme@bmpo%

Iow@fx~ `faagtp tf $? hgkkgfe ge pamkk hupgeopp koedgel fsox eort tbxoo womxp%Iow@fx~%

AT Hmei xomccgxaod gtp `faagtaoet tf pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp+ ~kodlgel tf ge`xompokoedgel hw $?> agkkgfe mhfso 8>=> kosokp cfx om`b fc tbo eort tbxoo womxp% A#T%

ôf~kop `faagtaoet tf bok~gel @feeo`tgùtp @faauegtw O`fefag` Dosokf~aoetCued koed tf pamkk hupgeoppop |gkk tftmk $=%2 agkkgfe pgeò @ODCp cfuedgel ge =774%ôf~ko,p Hmei%



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Ê@ fxglgemtod fx xoeo|od $= hgkkgfe ge pamkk!hupgeopp kfmep ge tbo tbgxd }umxtox fc8>==% Ê@%

@gtgzoe Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~ bmp afxo tbme dfuhkod gtp koedgel tf hupgeoppop |gtb meeumk

xosoeuop fc $8? agkkgfe fx kopp fsox kmpt womx med bmp kmue`bod odu`mtgfe ~xflxmapcfx pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp% @gtgzoe Cgeme`gmk Lxfu~%

Xolgfep `faagttod tf me mddgtgfemk $8>> agkkgfe ge`xompo ge koedgel fsox tbo eorttbxoo womxp tf bok~ pamkk hupgeoppop lxf| med ~ut afxo Maoxg`mep hmì tf |fxi% Mpfc Mulupt 8>==+ Xolgfep bmp hffiod eomxkw $? hgkkgfe ge eo| med xoeo|od pamkkhupgeopp kfmep+ m =3 ~oxòet ge`xompo ge eo| kfme ~xfdu`tgfe mp `fa~mxod tf 8>=>%Xolgfep%

Ptmxtgel ge Efsoahox 8>>2+ Pwefsup holme upgel m``fuetp xoògsmhkop mp`fkkmtoxmkp tf ge`xompo pamkk hupgeopp koedgel% Pwefsup%

TD Hmei bmp `faagttod tf lxf|gel pamkk hupgeoppop kfmep hw ~oxòet mhfso8>=> kosokp fsox tbo eort tbxoo womxp% Ge 8>==+ TD Hmei dfuhkod gtp PHM koedgelpmkop cfxò+ med ge`xompod gtp `fesoetgfemk pamkk hupgeopp pmkop toma hw 8> ~oxòet%TD Hmei%

_%P% Hmei pot m eo| `fa~mew xo`fxd cfx Pamkk Hupgeopp Mdagegptxmtgfe "PHM' kfmem~~xfsmkp |gtb m tftmk fc $30> agkkgfe cfx tbo PHM cgp`mk womx+ |bg`b oedod Po~t% 0>+8>==% Tbo ~xosgfup _%P% Hmei xo`fxd+ pot ge 8>>2+ |mp $?>4 agkkgfe% _%P% Hme`fx~%

\okkp Cmxlf amdo $=>%0 hgkkgfe ge eo| kfme `faagtaoetp tf pamkk hupgeoppop ge tbo

cgxpt tbxoo }umxtoxp fc 8>== me 2 ~oxòet ge`xompo ge eo| dfkkmxp kfmeod cxfa tbopmao ~oxgfd kmpt womx% Ge 8>==+ tbo `fa~mew ho`mao tbo cgxpt tf koed afxo tbme $=hgkkgfe ge PHM kfmep ge m pgelko womx+ med bmp hooe Maoxg`mp tf~ PHM koedox gedfkkmx sfkuao cfx tbxoo `fepoùtgso womxp% \okkp Cmxlf%

Zgfep bmp xmeiod mp _tmbp Ef%= PHM koedox cfx tbo ~mpt =< `fepoùtgso womxp%Zgfep Hmei m~~xfsod ?7< PHM


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^mxt GGG

F`tfhox 82+ 8>==

Pamkk hupgeopp pu~~fxt gp mhfut afxo tbme koedgel% Tbgp afetb+ tbo Cgeme`gmk PoxsgòpXfuedtmhko puxsowod gtp aoahoxpbg~ tf poo |bmt ftbox |mwp aoahox `fa~megop mxopu~~fxtgel pamkk hupgeoppop%

\o cfued tbmt ge 8>==+ cgeme`gmk poxsgòp `fa~megop:

^xfsgdod gepuxmeò+ xotgxoaoet ~kmeegel+ med cgeme`gmk ~kmeegel tfagkkgfep fc pamkk hupgeoppop

Fccoxod m|mxd!|geegel fekgeo ~kmtcfxap cfx pamkk hupgeoppop ^xfsgdod cxoo odu`mtgfe+ eot|fxigel+ med xohmtop tf pamkk hupgeoppop Bok~od pamkk hupgeoppop amemlo dgpmptoxp hw xokmrgel `fkko`tgfe

occfxtp+ xodu`gel ~xg`gel+ med fccoxgel dgpmptox hxgdlo kfmep


! Emtgfe|gdo med ^mxteox_~ pu~~fxt pamkk hupgeoppop hw hugkdgel m eot|fxi tf

cm`gkgtmto `faaueg`mtgfep mafel pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp% Emtgfe|gdo%

! Ptmto Cmxa `fetgeuop gtp `faagtaoet tf pamkk hupgeopp+ fccoxgel gepuxmeò medcgeme`gmk poxsgòp tf bok~ pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp xo`fsox cxfa tbo ueor~o`todmed xomkgzo tbogx dxomap% Ptmto Cmxa%

! Tbo Mkkptmto ^xfto`tgfe polaoet bmp m po~mxmto fxlmegzmtgfe `mkkod OaoxlgelHupgeoppop |bg`b ge`kudop hupgeopp gepuxmeò cfx pamkk hupgeopp f|eoxp%Mkkptmto%

! K^K m`}ugxod Emtgfe

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