Italy expanded into Africa

Ethiopia, Libya, and Somalia were under Italian control by 1936

The League of Nations condemned the invasions, but did nothing to stop Mussolini

In 1935, Hitler announced that Germany would no longer obey the Treaty of Versailles and would rebuild the military

Germany invaded the demilitarized zone in Rhineland (border of Germany and France)

League of Nations – (especially France and Great Britain) did nothing to stop Hitler

Anschluss – annexation of Austria into the German Empire (Reich), March 1938

Annexation of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, September 1938

Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere – theory that Japan’s manifest destiny was to drive out all Western colonial powers from Asia and to dominate Asia and the Pacific (territorial expansion to gain living space and natural resources)

Manchuria, China –

invaded by the Japanese military (without consent of the government) in 1931

created a “puppet state” (one that had previously been independent that was now dominated by another nation)

violated the Open Door Policy

League of Nations condemned the invasion but was unable to step in to defend Manchuria because it did not have enforcement power