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Farming Scale Impact on Ration and Dairy Cow’s Performances under Traditional Farm Management in Major Producing Province of Indonesia

The 17th AAAP (Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies) Animal Science Congress

Idat G. Permana, R. Zahera, T. Toharmat, & Despalemail: permana@ipb.ac.id

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed TechnologyFaculty of Animal ScienceBogor Agricultural University (IPB)http:\\intp.fapet.ipb.ac.id

Fukuoka-Japan, 22-25 August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Currently dairy cattle population in Indonesia is 525.000 head

Local milk production in Indonesia is 1.5 Million ton per year

Local milk production is only 18% of total demand.

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Dairy cattle population in Indonesia distributed mainly (99%) in Java island, and contribute only 6.8% from the total Indonesian area (BPS, 2016).

The cows distributed mainly in fertile highland with high agricultural to non-agricultural land conversion rate.

DAIRY POPULATION IN INDONESIA

Animal Ownership: Average 6.1 Animal Unit

(AU) per farmer

Forage Supply: 63% supplayed from 0.44

Ha cultivated land

37% natural grass from open field and under plantation area.

In dry season, some farmers purchase grass

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Increase human population: reducing farmer capacity to

provide forage for their cattle

labor movement to urban sectors

less family worker available,

and increase labor cost for agriculture sector in rural

Limiting Forage Availability: Farmer use more

concentrate Use more concentrate

increase feed cost Less of farm income

INTRODUCTION

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OBJECTIVES

comparing impact of farming scale on dairy farmer capacity to provide feed and nutrition to their cattle and their impact to the cow’s performances and farmer income in the four major dairy farm area

MATERIALS & METHODS

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Research Location: West Java : KPS Bogor, KPSBU Lembang & KPBS Pangalengan Central Java : KUD Boyolali Jogjakarta : KSWM Jogjakarta East Java : KPSP Nongkojajar & KOPSAE Pujon

MATERIALS & METHODS

KPS Bogor KPSBU Lembang

KPBS Pangalengan KUD Boyolali

KSWM Jogja KPSP Nongkojajar

KOPSAE Pujon

Animal Number: West Java : 145 head (43 farmers) Central Java : 105 head (29 farmers) Jogjakarta : 43 head (29 farmers) East Java : 122 head (28 farmers) TOTAL : 415 head (129 farmers)

MATERIALS & METHODS

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Data Collection: cattle ownership, type & the amount of feed

offered, milk production & quality, body weight, Body Condition Scoring (BSC), and farm income.

the observations were aimed at confronting data from interview.

Laboratory Analysis conducted to determine nutrient contents of feeds

used and milk compositions.

Feed Sample Analysis: The amount of feeds offered were measured gravimetrically, Proximate analyses followed Naumann and Bassler (1997)

procedures, Ca and P sample preparation followed Reitz et al. (1987) procedure.

Body Weight and BSC: Cows’ body weights were estimated using Schoorl’s formula. BCS were scored according to five scales Penn State University (2004)

procedure.

Milk Production and Quality: Milk productions were measured volumetrically Milk qualities were measured using lactoscan

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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The study used imbalance randomized design. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA procedure. Correlation between parameters have been analysis prior

to regression.

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

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DAIRY CATTLE OWNERSHIP

ProvinceLactation

CowDryCow

Heifer Young Bull Total

West Java 5.1 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.4 7.8

Centra Java 3.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.8 7.7

Jogjakarta 2.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 3.3

East Java 6.1 0.8 2.0 0.8 0.3 9.9

Indonesia 4.3 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.6 6.5

Average of cattle ownership in East Java is highest (9.9 animal/farmer), meanwhile in Jogjakarta province was the lowest (3.3 animal/farmer).

TOTAL COW, LACTATION COWAND PROCENTAGE OF LACTATING COW

National WestJava Centra Java Jogjakarta East Java

Total cattle (AU) 6.61±5.30 4.98±2.70 7.10±5.48 2.88±1.42 8.95±5.30

Lactating cow (AU) 5.05±3.77 4.40±2.63 4.83±3.46 2.25±1.89 6.91±4.83

Lactating cow (%) 76.33±22.47 88.44±13.96 68.04±30.28 78.26±27.73 77.16±17.11

Procentage of lactating cow in Jogjakarta Province is highest, while Central Java Province was lowest

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TOTAL & AVERAGE MILK PRODUCTION, TOTALFARM INCOME & INCOME PER LACTATION COW

National WestJava Centra Java Jogjakarta East Java

Total milk production (liter/d)

68.40±55.59 64.17±33.04 60.08±43.89 25.50±17.25 96.91±78.75

Average milk production (liter/d)

13.81±3.34 15.40±3.03 12.99±2.61 12.38±1.84 13.78±4.46

Total farm income (Rp/d)

3377±3211 3017±2000 3154±2467 1905±2467 4504±4276

Income per lactating cow (Rp/cow)

643±300 695±342 642±279 627±416 604±278

LACTATION CURVE

12.6 13.1 13.6

16.4

14.312.6 12.9

11.7

14.3

10.3

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Aver

age

Milk

Pro

duct

ion

(lite

r/d)

Month of Lactation

Produksi Susu

Produksi Normal

Lactation curve was not normal, peak production is not achieved on second month

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TOTAL MILK PRODUCTION PERLACTATION

3,701

4,462 4,376 4,158 4,133 4,112

4,318

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 >7

Tota

l Milk

Pro

duct

ion

per P

erio

d (li

ter)

Lactation Period

Milk production per lactation was flate

NUTRIENT SUFFICIENCY

National West Java Central Java DIY East Java

Offered (kg/d)• TDN 8.70±3.06 9.84±2.71 8.56±2.27 6.50±1.42 8.61±4.17• CP 1.82±0.74 2.02±0.54 1.89±0.77 1.36±0.31 1.71±0.95• Ca 0.05±0.03 0.05±0.02 0.04±0.01 0.04±0.02 0.07±0.05• P 0.03±0.02 0.04±0.01 0.03±0.01 0.02±0.01 0.03±0.02

Requirement (kg/d)• TDN 7.48 8.20 6.77 7.25 7.39• CP 1.57 1.71 1.45 1.44 1.55• Ca 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06• P 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04

Balanced (kg/d)• TDN 1.22±3.00 1.64±2.72 1.79±2.27 -0.75±1.42 1.23±4.17• CP 0.27±0.73 0.31±0.54 0.44±0.77 -0.08±0.31 0.17±0.95• Ca -0.01±0.03 -0.02±0.02 -0.01±0.01 -0.02±0.02 0.01±0.03• P -0.01±0.02 -0.01±0.01 -0.01±0.01 -0.01±0.01 -0.01±0.02

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CURVE REGRESSION FARMING SCALE ANDMILK PRODUCTION

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Milk

Pro

duct

ion

(lite

r/d)

Number of Cow

Y = -0.5336X2 + 18.653X -17.883

• Up to 16 cows, farmer can increase milk production

• However more cow reduce productivity

• Maximum farming scale was 16 head per farmer

CONCLUSIONS

There was no accurate estimation of nutrient availability can be produced from farm scale.

With the current national scale (6.61 AU), farmer in Indonesia still have capacity to provide sufficient nutrient for their cows and increase their production level as well as income.

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Thank You