GCP/RAS/240/JPN

FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME

FINAL REPORT ON

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL INFORMATION

SHARING MECHANISM (NISM) ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION (GPA) FOR THE CONSERVATION

AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD

AND AGRICULTURE IN MONGOLIA

Plant Science and Agricultural Research Institute (PSARI)

Written by

Bayarsukh Noov, Otgonbayar, Namjilsuren Jamyansuren,

September 2011

2

Acknowledgement

The Plant Science and Agricultural Research Institute (PSARI) of Ministry of Education

culture and Science of Mongolia would like to acknowledge the all local stakeholders who

actively participated and dedicated valuable contribution and advices in establishing the

National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM) on the Implementation of the Global Plan

of Action (GPA) for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources for food and

agriculture in Mongolia.

Also, PSARI would like to deliver special thanks and sincerest gratitude to

Japanese Government for their funding support to the

FAO GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for the technical support

they have provided in the implementation of the project.

Bayarsukh Noov

National Focal Point

GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project, Mongolia

Executive summary report on

3

The Establishment of the National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM) on the

Implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the conservation and utilization of

plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia

Preparatory phase

Translation of NISM-GPA software

In the preparatory phase a full document of NISM software using Excel tables has

been translated into Mongolian language and the translation converted into unicode (Word

format and PDF) using the online converter found at

http://badaa.mngl.net/convert/con2uni.htm.

Finally the installer of the Mongolian-English version of the GPANFP application

completed in December 2009 with the full support and involvement of Mr.Stefano

Diulgheroff, FAO AGP.

Establishment of LOA and preparation of manuals

The LOA/2009/262 established between FAO and PSARTI on 8 November 2009. The

PSARTI referred to as recipient organization. The LOA indicated the responsibilities and

roles of both parties for the establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.

The manuals and CD containing information about GPA, project and instructions

filling common tables in Mongolian language are distributed to relevant authorities and

specialists of Ministry of Food Agriculture Light Industry (MoFALI), Ministry of Nature,

Environment and Tourism (MNET), research organizations, universities and NGOs.

The 2 set of computers, printer and color scanner purchased to enable efficient data

collection and management for the NISM-GPA Mongolia.

It was very useful to purchase notebook for project documentation specialist and he

was able to collect information and directly input to the system.

Training of documentation specialist

The project team composed of NFP and documentation specialist and research staff of

PGR division of PSARTI established. The full time new documentation specialist hired for

implementation NISM-GPA in Mongolia.

The national focal point (NFP) provided training to documentation specialist and other

researchers at PSARTI for the use of NISM-GPA. During training the documentation

specialist provided by guidelines and hands on training on the use of NISM-GPA including

access to program, filling of common tables, data export and import, data validation, creating

new records, searching, registration of SH and creation of CD to SHs, linking and data

merging etc.

Implementation phase

Survey and selection of stakeholders

4

The project team conducted a survey of organizations which involved in conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia by

surveying projects, programs, publications, reports, through internet and meeting with

organizations, officials.

Also, we sent official request to State Central Registration Department (SCRD) of

Mongolia asking for the list of government and non government organizations which conduct

activities related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. In response, we received list

of organizations which are registered to conduct environmental research activity in Mongolia.

Finally we were able to develop list of 31 organizations which may be involved in activities

related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA in Mongolia.

From above organizations we selected 18 organizations which are involved in the

conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA.

We prepared 6 page manual containing information about project objectives, activities

and expected results of NISM-GPA Mongolia and guidelines for filling common tables. Also,

the common tables exported into excel sheets and recorded into CD. The guidelines for filling

common tables, CD together with official invitation to join to the establishment of NISM

Mongolia are distributed to selected 18 organizations.

Finally we received response from 14 stakeholders which are agreed to join to

establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.

Gathering stakeholders data and filling common tables

The common tables including PROTAB, CULTAB, REFTAB, PERTAB and

AGRTAB are exported from NISM software to excel sheet and distributed to each SHs with

instructions to fill common tables and recommendations.

The NFP and project team had regular communication with SHs through means of

telephone, email and other communication tools to assist filling the common tables.

During implementation of project we found that there are several reasons of slow

process of filling the common tables by other SHs: 1) in summer most researchers work in the

field or in the mission and focal person doesn’t have much time to spend on NISM 2) focal

person at selected organization didn’t have all information so they need more survey at

institutional level.

Therefore, the project documentation specialist visited to selected SHs and assisted

filling common tables. It was very helpful to purchase notebook for project documentation

specialist and he was able to visit SHs, collect information and directly input to system.

At the same time documentation officer and other PGR staff of PSARTI visited to

Central state Library of Mongolia, Library of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Library of

Institute of Botany and Central Library at Science and Technology Foundation Mongolia and

gathered necessary information for reference and project tables.

We found that some of valuable information mostly related to international collection

mission has been lost during transition period from communist regime to market economy.

The data of the SHs for each table were merged and imported into existing file in the

NISM-GPA computer program. After the successful merging and entering of available data

from SHs into existing Common Tables the SHs NISM-GPA computer application then

created. The individual SH key code and copies of SHs NISM-GPA computer application on

CD are provided to each 14 SHs.

During project implementation the 14 organizations provided information for the

common tables namely PERTAB-390, PROTAB-174, TAXTAB-75634, CULTAB-157,

5

ARETAB-64, SYSTAB-3, REFTAB-1262, AGRTAB-66.

Answering questionnaire and data validation

Each stakeholders required to provide answers on how to address implementation

status of each of twenty priority areas of GPA.

Only 4 SHs including PSARTI, RIAH, DARPC, WRARI and Altai Regional branch

of MSUA were able to send the zip files containing the answers to the questionnaire for data

merging into the NFPs version of NISM-GPA Mongolia. Other SHs required technical and

logical assistance in answering to the questionnaire and NFP and team prepared guideline on

how to answer the questions in Mongolian language and distributed to SHs. The SHs sent

answers on MS format and the PSARTI documentation specialist entered most of answers

into system. The SHs needs regular training and assistance working on the NISM system for

entering new data and updating. The individual SHs data merged into NFPs database using NFPs version of NISM-GPA

application program. During merging the SHs data the all data were checked and duplicate

entries were rejected.

Finally, validation of data from SHs conducted through visit, contact by phone and e-

mail communication.

Organization of first SHs meeting

The first stakeholders (SH) consultation workshop held on 17 June 2010 at the

Mongolian State University of Agriculture (MSUA) in Ulaanbaatar. Totally 30 participants

representing 13 stakeholders attended the meeting.

The officials including Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination of agriculture

policy implementation of MoFALI, Mr.Ch.Buyannemex, FAO representative,

Dr.A.Gombojav, vice president of MSUA took part in the meeting.

The objectives of the workshop were to 1) develop strategy for the establishment

NISM-GPA in Mongolia 2) define roles and responsibilities of SHs 3) train SHs on the use of

NISM-GPA software.

The resource persons including Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director of PSARTI and

national focal point (NFP), Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior scientist of the Institute of Botany,

Dr.J.Namjilsuren head of PGR division PSARTI, Dr.Tserenbaljid, senior scientist of the

Institute of Botany made 5 presentation during workshop. The presentations covered topics

related to the current status of conservation utilization of plant genetic resources in Mongolia.

An introduction and workplan for the establishment of NISM-GPA presented by

Dr.N.Bayarsukh and discussed by stakeholders.

Mr. B.Otgonbayar, the project documentation specialist provided presentation on the

use of NISM-GPA software and hands on practice on the use of software using computers

provided to participants.

During the workshop participants agreed on workplan for NISM-GPA implementation

in Mongolia and the roles and responsibilities of NFP and SHs.

Participants agreed that depending on SHs experiences on the use of NISM computer

software the SHs can submit information to common tables on excel sheet or data file.

The CD containing the installation program of GPASН and manuals for GPASH in

Russian and Mongolian language and Global Plan of Action on PDF files developed. Also,

6

manual consisting of 6 parts, containing 42 pictures in 28 pages printed in Mongolian language and distributed to stake holders during first SHs meeting.

The second SHs meeting organized in 25 July at PSARTI. The participants including

12 SHs who are actively participating to establishment of NISM and in addition the staff from

National Committee on Bio-security of Mongolia take part to the meeting. During this

second meeting, the participants had hands-on training and practice on answering the

questionnaire using the NISM-GPA computer application and introduced using the

Microsoft Excel software needed for submission of the common tables.

Also participants discussed achievements, constraints and suggestions on the

improvement of NISM and institutionalizing NISM in Mongolia.

Steering committee of the NISM-GPA

The participants of first SHs meeting agreed to create project steering committee

consisting of representatives of authorities and core research institutes including

Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop

production of MoFALI, Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director PSARTI and National Focal

Person, Dr,.Namxai senioe researcher from RIAH, Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior researcher Institute

of Botany and Mr.B.Otgonbayar, researcher documentation specialist from PSARTI.

The Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop

production of MoFALI chairs the Steering Committee and National Focal Person (NFP)

serves as the Secretary.

SHs agreed on the schedule of submission of the information of the NISM to the NFP.

Reporting

The progress report of implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia generated by NFP

and sent to project CTA in every 6 month.

The draft of final report prepared by NFP and distributed to steering committee

members as well as to selected SHs who actively involved in the establishment of NISM –

Mongolia for review and comments. The comments from steering committee members and

some SHs included in the report and finalized by NFP.

Based on the data and information gathered through this project the steering

committee recommended to NFP to compile the “The State of PGRFA of Mongolia”

however it is already.

The project developed a website on the NISM-GPA Mongolia. The information can

be accessed through the internet.

Conclusion

The project on the National Information Sharing Mechanism in the Monitoring of the

Implementation of the GPA in Mongolia implemented successfully and has been very useful

project.

This is first time provided opportunity to assess current status of conservation and

utilization of PGRFA in Mongolia.

The project result has revealed the key research organizations, individuals, projects and

activities relevant to collecting, conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA, the status

of responsible government organizations for conservation of PGRFA and their relations, the

legal status of PGR conservation and constraints and opportunities.

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This database would help for setting priorities, responsibilities of relevant organizations, designating national focal body and effective planning of projects and activities relevant to

PGRFA in the future. It will also contribute to policymakers, farmers, researchers,

government organizations and public audience to get overview about the current situation of

conservation and utilization of PGRFA.

Based on the information gathered it can be concluded that the current status of

activities on conservation and utilization PGRFA in Mongolia is rather weak.

The lack of appropriate policy and priority in PGRFA, the irrational government

policy that agricultural research institutes belong to MECS, the insufficient funding

and lack of technical capability, equipment and laboratory facilities especially for

germplasm storage and characterization of PGRFA, lack of competent, experienced

staff are the main limiting factors in conservation and utilization of PGRFA and the

support from regional and international organizations needed.

Whereas, the survey, inventory and conservation activities of natural PGR in the

country are done quite sufficiently and the legislation and regional and international

collaboration are relatively well coordinated in natural plant genetic resources by the MNET.

The report of the project with appropriate recommendations would be submitted to relevant

ministry and other government agencies and policy makers in the country. This would

contribute to strengthen activities relevant to conservation and sustainable utilization of

PGRFA in the country.

The PSARTI, as key implementing institution of NISM-GPA Mongolia would maintain

and continue to improve and update the database under the local project on crop genetic

resources by the MOFALI. The permanent staff for genebank database management will be

responsible for continued updating and improvement of the system.

Bayarsukh Noov

National Focal Point

GCP/RAS/240/JPN Project, Mongolia

List of abbreviations

ARBM Altai Regional branch of MSUA

8

DARPC Dornod Agriculture Research and Production Center of MSUA

ESRC Eco-system Research Center

FAO Food Agriculture Organization

GMS Germplasm Management System

GPA Global Plan of Action

GTZ German technical Cooperation Agency

FTC Food-Tech Corporation

IAEA Internationa; Atomic Energy Agency

IB Institute of Biology

Institute of Botany

ICCT Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

IGE Institute of Geo-Ecology

ITPGRFA International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food

and Agriculture

IVS Institute of Veterinary Sciences

MAS Mongolian Academy of Sciences

MECS Ministry of Education, Culture and Sciences

MNET Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism

MoFALI Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry

MSUE Mongolian State University of Education

MSUA Mongolian State University of Agriculture

MAAS Mongolian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

MSTF Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation

MFC Mongol Farmer College

MNET Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism

MNIM Mongolian National Institute of Medicine

NUM National University of Mongolia

NISM National Information Sharing Mechanism

NEMA National Emergency Management Agency

NFP National Focal Person

PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

PHI Public Health Institute

PSARTI Plant Science and Agricultural Research Training Institute

PPRI Plant Protection and Research Institute

RIAH Research Institute of Animal Husbandry

SAB School of Agro-biology

SETD School of Ecology and Technology Development

STF Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology

TRD Training for Rural Development

TMTC Traditional Medicine Technology Corporation

UNDP United Nations Development Program

9

UU Ulaanbaatar University

WRARI Western Regional Agricultural Research Institute of MSUA

Table of content

1. Introduction 1

10

2. Objective 1

3. Overview of the process for establishment of NISM in Mongolia 2

3.1. Preparatory phase 2

Translation of NISM software

Establishment of LOA

Training of documentation specialist

Provision of equipments

3.2. Implementation phase 3

Survey and selection of stakeholders

Preparation of common tables

Stake Holders meeting and training

Gathering stakeholders data and filling tables

Data analysis and validation

4. Highlights of Findings From the Data Gathered and Analyzed 10

Priority Area 1. Surveying and Inventorying Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 2. Supporting On-Farm Management and Improvement of Plant Genetic Priority Area 3. Assisting Farmers in Disaster Situations to Restore Agricultural Systems Priority Area 4. Promoting In Situ Conservation of Wild Crop Relatives and Wild Plants for Food Production Priority Area 5. Sustaining Existing Ex Situ Collections Priority Area 6. Regenerating Threatened Ex Situ Accessions

Priority Area 7. Supporting Planned and Targeted Collecting of Plant Genetic

resources for Food and Agriculture

Priority Area 8. Expanding Ex Situ Conservation Activities Priority Area 9. Expanding the Characterization, Evaluation and Number of Core Collections to Facilitate Use Priority Area 10. Increasing Genetic Enhancement and Base- Broadening Efforts Priority Area 11. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture through Diversification of Crop production and Broader Diversity in Crops Priority Area 12. Promoting Development and Commercialization of Under- Utilized Crops and Species Priority Area 13. Supporting Seed Production and Distribution Priority Area 14. Developing New Markets for Local Varieties and 'Diversity-Rich' Products Priority Area 15 Building Strong National Programs

11

Priority Area 16 Promoting Networks for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 17 Constructing Comprehensive Information Systems for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Priority Area 18 Developing Monitoring and Early Warning Priority Area 19. Expanding and Improving Education and Training

Priority Area 20 Promoting Public Awareness of the Value of Plant Genetic Resources for

Food and Agriculture Conservation and Use

5. Difficulties and lessons learned

6. Conclusion and future plan

1. Introduction

12

A Global Plan of Action (GPA) was developed to provide a framework and guide for

the conservation and sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources of all species with

potential for food and agriculture (PGRFA). This GPA-PGRFA consists of 20 inter-related

priority activity areas to ensure the conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA. The

Plan was adopted by 150 FAO member nations, endorsed by the Conference of FAO and

supported by world leaders. It is now an important supporting component of the International

Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA).

Mongolia was one of the 150 countries that met in Leipzig, Germany in June, 1996

and adopted the Global Plan of Action (GPA) as the global tool for the conservation and

sustainable utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA).

FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) stressed

the need to strengthen the implementation and monitoring of the GPA-PGRFA, capacity

building and technology transfer for the conservation and use of PGRFA. To meet these

challenges, FAO in collaboration with 15 Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Malaysia,

Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam, Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao P DR,

Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan) developed and executed the project

“Implementation of the GPA-PGRFA in Asia and the Pacific Region”, GCP/RAS/240/JPN.

The main objective of this project is to establish a country driven, Asia wide system

that assists the GPA-PGRFA as a support for sustainable agricultural development in the

Asian region. The project activities will contribute to FAO global efforts to support the

implementation, monitoring and updating the GPA-PGRFA, the preparation of second report

on the State of the World’s PGRFA.

Mongolia agreed to conduct monitoring on the implementation of the GPA in the

country and through this way to identify gaps and challenges in conservation and sustainable

use of PGRFA and as a result the effective strategies and plans of actions could be put in

place at national levels for the implementation of the GPA.

The Mongolian government approved the project GCP/RAS/240/JPN in 2009 and

Mr.T.Badamjunai, the Minister of Food Agriculture and Light Industry Mongolia (MoFALI)

signed the memorandum of agreement with FAO on March 2009.

In this project Mongolia is representing the East Asian countries and the Ministry of

Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia selected the Plant Science and Agricultural

research training Institute (PSARTI) as National Focal Point and project implementing

organization in Mongolia.

2. Objective

The main objective of this project is to establish the National Information Sharing

Mechanism for Monitoring the Implementation of the GPA-PGRFA (NISM-GPA) in

Mongolia and contribute to implementation the GPA-PGRFA.

Following goals identified to fulfill above objectives:

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1. To collect and document the information about the past and current activities related to

conservation and use of PGR in Mongolia and assess the status of PGRFA and

implementation of GPA in Mongolia.

2. To identify the further priorities and needs for the conservation and sustainable

utilization of PGRFA to improve national capacity in implementing PGRFA activities

in Mongolia.

3. To share the information and successful experiences in the implementation of GPA

priority activity areas related to PGR conservation and utilization

3. Overview of the process for establishment of NISM in Mongolia

The National Information Sharing Mechanism-Global Plan of Action (NISM-GPA) is

a network of public and private institutions that conserve and/or use plant genetic resources in

Mongolia. Its main objective is to share information related to plant genetic resources

conservation and utilization in the country in particular, the implementation of the Global

Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Mongolia.

The Plant Science and Agricultural Research Training Institute (PSARTI) is the

implementing organization of project on the Establishment of National Information Sharing

Mechanism (NISM) for monitoring implementation of Global Plan of Action (GPA) under the

FAO/Mongolian Government project Capacity building and enhanced regional collaboration

for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources in Asia

(GCP/RAS/240/JPN).

3.1. Preparatory phase

Translation of NISM-GPA software

In the preparatory phase a full document of NISM software using Excel tables has

been translated into Mongolian language and the translation converted into unicode (Word

format and PDF) using the online converter found at

http://badaa.mngl.net/convert/con2uni.htm.

Finally the installer of the Mongolian-English version of the GPANFP application

completed in December 2009 with the full support and involvement of Mr.Stefano

Diulgheroff, FAO AGP.

Establishment of LOA and preparation of manuals

The LOA/2009/262 established between FAO and PSARTI on 8 November 2009. The

PSARTI referred to as recipient organization. The LOA indicated the responsibilities and

roles of both parties for the establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia.

The national focal point met with Mr. N.Batsuuri, the state secretary of Ministry of

Nature Environment and Tourism, and Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination

14

of agriculture policy implementation of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry

(MoFALI) and other specialists from relevant authorities.

During the meeting NFP introduced the project objectives, plan of implementation of

NISM-GPA in Mongolia as well as concept of GPA.

The manuals and CD containing information about GPA, project and instructions

filling common tables in Mongolian language are distributed to relevant authorities and

specialists of Ministry of Food Agriculture Light Industry (MoFALI), Ministry of Nature,

Environment and Tourism (MNET), research organizations, universities and NGOs.

Training of documentation specialist

The project team composed of NFP and documentation specialist and research staff of

PGR division of PSARTI established. The full time new documentation specialist hired for

implementation NISM-GPA in Mongolia.

The national focal point (NFP) provided training to documentation specialist and other

researchers at PSARTI for the use of NISM-GPA.

During training the documentation specialist provided by guidelines and hands on

training on the use of NISM-GPA including access to program, filling of common tables, data

export and import, data validation, creating new records, searching, registration of SH and

creation of CD to SHs, linking and data merging etc.

In the next step of training focused on hands-on practice on filling common tables and

creating SHs CD and key.

In addition, user’s manual of computer application of NISM-GPA, operation guide for

NFP have been provided as reference.

Provision of equipment

The 2 set of computers, printer and color scanner purchased to enable efficient data

collection and management for the NISM-GPA Mongolia.

It was very useful to purchase notebook for project documentation specialist and he

was able to collect information and directly input to the system.

3.2. Implementation phase

Survey and selection of stakeholders

The project team conducted a survey of organizations which involved in conservation

and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia by

surveying projects, programs, publications, reports, through internet and meeting with

organizations, officials.

Also, we sent official request to State Central Registration Department (SCRD) of

Mongolia asking for the list of government and non government organizations which conduct

activities related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. In response, we received list

of organizations which are registered to conduct environmental research activity in Mongolia.

15

Finally we were able to develop list of 31 organizations which may be involved in activities

related to conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA in Mongolia. (Annex 2)

Table 1. Main organizations involved in the PGRFA activities in Mongolia

№ Organization name

Sent

request

Feedback

1 Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism + -

2 Mongolian State University of Education + -

3 Traditional Medicine Technology Institute + -

4 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology + -

5 Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology + -

6 School of Agrobiology + +

7 Institute of Biology + +

8 Institute of Botany + +

9 Institute of Geo-Ecology + +

10 Research Institute of Animal Husbandry + +

11 Biology Faculty of National University of Mongolia + +

12 Mon Chemo Co.Ltd + +

13 Plant Protection Research Institute + +

14 School of Ecology and Technology + +

15 Eco-system Research Center + +

16 Agriculture research Station in Ulaangom + +

17 Agriculture Research and production center in Dornod

province +

+

18 Altai Regional branch of MSUA + +

From above organizations we selected 18 organizations which are involved in the

conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA. (Table 1)

We prepared 6 page manual containing information about project objectives, activities

and expected results of NISM-GPA Mongolia and guidelines for filling common tables. Also,

the common tables exported into excel sheets and recorded into CD. The guidelines for filling

common tables, CD together with official invitation to join to the establishment of NISM

Mongolia are distributed to selected 18 organizations.

16

Finally we received response from 14 stakeholders which are agreed to join to

establishment of NISM-GPA in Mongolia. (Table 2).

Table2. List of organizations agreed to join the establishment of NISM-GPA Mongolia.

№ Organization activity Crop

mandate Focal person position

1 School of Agrobiology evaluation Cereals and

legumes J.Ganbold

Senior

researcher

2 Institute of Biology evaluation Medicinal

plants

Yu.Oyunbileg

U.Bolortuya researcher

3 Institute of Botany Conservation,

evaluation

Natural rare

and useful

plants

G.Burenbaatar

T.Munkh-erdene researcher

4 Institute of Geo-

Ecology evaluation Pasture B.Udwal researcher

5 Animal Husbandry

Research Institute

Conservation

and utilization

Fodder and

pasture

D.Namkhai

Т.Lkhagva-suren

Senior

Researcher

6

Biology Faculty of

National University of

Mongolia

evaluation Rare plant

species R.Tungalag Researcher

7 Mon Chemo Co.,Ltd utilization

Medicinal

plants and

cereals

B.Buyan-chimeg

G.Amarsaikhan Researcher

8

Plant Science

Agricultural Research

Training Institute

Conservation

and utilization

Cereals,

vegetables,

potato, fruits

Ya.Narantsetseg

B.Otgonbayar Researcher

9 Plant Protection

research Institute evaluation

Cereals

potato

S.Ariunaa

T.Azzaya Researcher

10 School of Ecology and

Technology

Evaluation and

monitoring Useful plants Sh.Jamiyandorj

Senior

Researcher

11 Eco-system Research

Center

Evaluation

utilization

S.Diimaa

B.Otgontuul Researcher

12

Western Regional

Agricultural Research

Institute of MSUA in

Ulaangom

Conservation

and utilization

Cereals

potato, fruits,

ornamentals

Altai.B Researcher

13

Dornod Agriculture

Research and

Production Center of

MSUA

Conservation

and utilization

Cereals, oil

crop D.Dolzodnyam Researcher

17

14 Altai Regional branch

of MSUA

Conservation

and utilization

Cereals,

vegetables B.Batchuluun

Science

secretary

Gathering stakeholders data and filling common tables

The common tables including PROTAB, CULTAB, REFTAB, PERTAB and

AGRTAB are exported from NISM software to excel sheet and distributed to each SHs with

instructions to fill common tables and recommendations.

The NFP and project team had regular communication with SHs through means of

telephone, email and other communication tools to assist filling the common tables.

During implementation of project we found that there are several reasons of slow

process of filling the common tables by other SHs: 1) in summer most researchers work in the

field or in the mission and focal person doesn’t have much time to spend on NISM 2) focal

person at selected organization didn’t have all information so they need more survey at

institutional level.

Therefore, the project documentation specialist visited to selected SHs and assisted

filling common tables. It was very helpful to purchase notebook for project documentation

specialist and he was able to visit SHs, collect information and directly input to system.

At the same time documentation officer and other PGR staff of PSARTI visited to

Central state Library of Mongolia, Library of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Library of

Institute of Botany and Central Library at Science and Technology Foundation Mongolia and

gathered necessary information for reference and project tables.

Table 3 . The current status of gathering information for common tables

№ Name of organization

Organ

izati

on

s

Con

tact

perso

ns

Proje

cts

Taxa t

ab

le

Cu

ltiv

ars

Areas

Info

sys

tab

le

Refe

ren

ces

Agreem

en

ts

1 School of Agrobiology + + + - - + - + +

2 Institute of Biology + + + - - + - + -

3 Institute of Botany + + + - - + + + +

4 Institute of Geo-Ecology + + - - - + - + -

5 Animal Husbandry Research

Institute + + + - + + - + +

6 Biology Faculty of National

University of Mongolia + + + - - + - + -

7 Mon Chemo Co.,Ltd + + - - - + - + -

8 Plant Science Agricultural

Research Training Institute + + + - + + + + +

9 Plant Protection research + + + - - + - + +

18

Institute

10 School of Ecology and

Technology + + + - - + - + -

11 Eco-system Research Center + + - - - + - + -

12

Western Regional Agricultural

Research Institute of MSUA in

Ulaangom

+ + + - + + + + +

13 Dornod Agriculture Research

and Production Center of MSUA + + + - + + + + +

14 Altai Regional branch of MSUA + + + - + + + + +

15 others + + + - + + - + +

We found that some of valuable information mostly related to international collection

mission has been lost during transition period from communist regime to market economy.

The data of the SHs for each table were merged and imported into existing file in the

NISM-GPA computer program. After the successful merging and entering of available data

from SHs into existing Common Tables the SHs NISM-GPA computer application then

created. The individual SH key code and copies of SHs NISM-GPA computer application on

CD are provided to each 14 SHs.

During project implementation the 14 organizations provided information for the

common tables namely PERTAB-390, PROTAB-174, TAXTAB-75634, CULTAB-157,

ARETAB-64, SYSTAB-3, REFTAB-1262, AGRTAB-66.

Table 4. Summary of progress on filling common tables

№ Data

Organ

izati

on

s

Con

tact

perso

ns

Proje

cts

Taxa t

ab

le

Cu

ltiv

ars

Areas

Info

sys

tab

lw

Refe

ren

ces

Agreem

en

ts

1 By 1 July

2010 32 97 70 0 101 12 1 234 26

2 End of 2010 32 298 83 0 123 12 1 975 28

3. By 1 October

2011 40 390 174 0 157 64 3 1262 66

New data

added 8 92 91 0 34 52 2 287 38

Answering questionnaire and data validation

19

Each stakeholders required to provide answers on how to address implementation

status of each of twenty priority areas of GPA.

Only 4 SHs including PSARTI, RIAH, DARPC, WRARI and Altai Regional branch

of MSUA were able to send the zip files containing the answers to the questionnaire for data

merging into the NFPs version of NISM-GPA Mongolia. Other SHs required technical and

logical assistance in answering to the questionnaire and NFP and team prepared guideline on

how to answer the questions in Mongolian language and distributed to SHs. The SHs sent

answers on MS format and the PSARTI documentation specialist entered most of answers

into system. The SHs needs regular training and assistance working on the NISM system for

entering new data and updating.

The individual SHs data merged into NFPs database using NFPs version of NISM-GPA

application program. During merging the SHs data the all data were checked and duplicate

entries were rejected.

Finally, validation of data from SHs conducted through visit, contact by phone and e-

mail communication.

Organization of first SHs meeting

The first stakeholders (SH) consultation workshop held on 17 June 2010 at the Mongolian

State University of Agriculture (MSUA) in Ulaanbaatar. Totally 30 participants representing

13 stakeholders attended the meeting.

The officials including Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department of coordination of agriculture

policy implementation of MoFALI, Mr.Ch.Buyannemex, FAO representative,

Dr.A.Gombojav, vice president of MSUA took part in the meeting.

The objectives of the workshop were to 1) develop strategy for the establishment

NISM-GPA in Mongolia 2) define roles and responsibilities of SHs 3) train SHs on the use of

NISM-GPA software.

The resource persons including Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director of PSARTI and

national focal point (NFP), Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior scientist of the Institute of Botany,

Dr.J.Namjilsuren head of PGR division PSARTI, Dr.Tserenbaljid, senior scientist of the

Institute of Botany made 5 presentation during workshop. The presentations covered topics

related to the current status of conservation utilization of plant genetic resources in Mongolia.

An introduction and workplan for the establishment of NISM-GPA presented by

Dr.N.Bayarsukh and discussed by stakeholders.

Mr. B.Otgonbayar, the project documentation specialist provided presentation on the

use of NISM-GPA software and hands on practice on the use of software using computers

provided to participants.

During the workshop participants agreed on workplan for NISM-GPA implementation

in Mongolia and the roles and responsibilities of NFP and SHs.

Participants agreed that depending on SHs experiences on the use of NISM computer

software the SHs can submit information to common tables on excel sheet or data file.

20

The CD containing the installation program of GPASН and manuals for GPASH in

Russian and Mongolian language and Global Plan of Action on PDF files developed. Also,

manual consisting of 6 parts, containing 42 pictures in 28 pages printed in Mongolian

language and distributed to stake holders during first SHs meeting.

The second SHs meeting organized in 25 July at PSARTI. The participants including

12 SHs who are actively participating to establishment of NISM and in addition the staff from

National Committee on Bio-security of Mongolia take part to the meeting.

During this second meeting, the participants had hands-on training and practice

on answering the questionnaire using the NISM-GPA computer application and

introduced using the Microsoft Excel software needed for submission of the common tables.

Also participants discussed achievements, constraints and suggestions on the

improvement of NISM and institutionalizing NISM in Mongolia.

During the meeting the 53 page manual for answering questions distributed and SHs

trained on how to answer questions.

Steering committee of the NISM-GPA

The participants of first SHs meeting agreed to create project steering committee

consisting of representatives of authorities and core research institutes including

Mr.L.Bayartulga, Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop

production of MoFALI, Dr.N.Bayarsukh, deputy director PSARTI and National Focal

Person, Dr,.Namxai senioe researcher from RIAH, Dr.G.Erdenejav, senior researcher Institute

of Botany and Mr.B.Otgonbayar, researcher documentation specialist from PSARTI.

The Head of Department for Coordination of Policy implementation in Crop

production of MoFALI chairs the Steering Committee and National Focal Person (NFP)

serves as the Secretary.

SHs agreed on the schedule of submission of the information of the NISM to the

NFP.

Reporting

The progress report of implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia generated by NFP

and sent to project CTA in every 6 month.

The draft of final report prepared by NFP and distributed to steering committee

members as well as to selected SHs who actively involved in the establishment of NISM –

Mongolia for review and comments. The comments from steering committee members and

some SHs included in the report and finalized by NFP.

Based on the data and information gathered through this project the steering

committee recommended to NFP to compile the “The State of PGRFA of Mongolia”

however it is already.

21

The project developed a website on the NISM-GPA Mongolia. The information can

be accessed through the internet.

4. Highlights of Findings From the Data Gathered and Analyzed

Priority area 1. Surveying and Inventorying of PGRFA

The stakeholders reported 15 projects conducted for surveying and inventorying of

PGRFA. The survey and inventory of PGRFA mainly carried out by affiliated institutions of

MSUA including PSARTI, ARBM, DARPC and WRARI during the collecting missions.

The 10 projects on collecting PGRFA carried out between 1959–2002 and the crops

surveyed included local landraces of barley, wheat, millet, vegetables and forages. The

individual interviews, field visits, historical documents used in survey. The survey results

revealed that most of the traditional varieties of crops are threatened due to the introduction

of new life style, collective farming, weather disturbances and advanced varieties mostly in

western and some of central provinces including Khovd, Uvs, Bayankhongor, Gobialtai and

Zavkhan and Bulgan.

On the other hand the surveying and inventorying activities of natural PGR in the

country are done quite sufficiently since 1970s. The several projects or activities related to

survey and inventory of PGRFA carried out under the program of joint Mongolian-Russian

Complex Expedition since 1970s. The projects were implemented mainly by the Institutes

of Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS).

Mongolia’s specific character of climate condition, biosphere and geographic

location and tremendous latitude spread of Mongolia have resulted the development of the

unrepeatable flora with its own specific species diversity, life style, origin and

development. For example, Mongolian flora mainly consists of representatives from

Siberian taiga and Central Asian steppe. On the other hand the penetration of plant species

from Manchuria (east) and Kazakhstan-Turan ( west) affected to the formation of specific

flora in Mongolia.

It is reported that Mongolian flora comprises of total more than 5100 plant species.

These include 2823 species of vascular plants belonging to the 662 genera and 128

families and 417 species of moss, 930 species of lychcnes.875 species of fungi and 971

species of algae, respectively / Table 5 /. The unexplored areas such as Khentii, Khubsugul

and Altai mountain, surrounding areas of Onon, Ulz river and Gobi desert areas in Zuungar

and Borzon are still existing. Therefore the number of vascular plant species estimated to

be more than 3000 species.

22

The largest families within the vascular plant are Clynelymus New ski ( 85 spccies),

Oxytropis DC. (82 species), Astragalus L (80 species), Artemisia L(78 spccics). Saussurca

DC. (44 species), Potentilla L (43 species), Salix L (41 species), —Pedicularis L (33

species) and Allium L (32 species).

There are more than 2200 species of economically important species including 845

medicinal plant species food plants 200 species for food, 200 for industrial use.

The number of threatened plant species recorded 128 including 75 medicinal species ( 6

deeply destroyed), 11 natural food (6), 16 industrial (4), 55 ornamental (10) and 15 species

for sand movement control. Causes of threat are population increases, industrialization,

past and present economic policies and pollution, as well as power, mining and minerals

industry.

It is found that the surveying and inventorying natural PGR are well defined in the

“The National Action Plant for Conservation of Biological diversity” which is approved by

Government resolution No.166 in 1996.

The lack of finance, equipment, competent experienced research staff and not clear

policy and priority on PGRFA are the main limiting factors to strengthen the survey and

inventory of PGRFA and wild relatives of cultivated plant species and the support from

regional and international organizations needed.

Priority area 2. Supporting On-Farm Management and Improvement of PGRFA

There weren’t any report and record related to the implementation of on-farm

management and improvement activities of PGRFA in the country. This means no national

priorities set for this activity, very limited information and knowledge on this area at the

moment in the country.

The more information, support are needed to initiate on-farm management of and

improvement of PGRFA in Mongolia including defining national priority, training local staff

and farmers.

5. Status of plant species in Mongolia

Classification Family Genus Species

High plants 128 662 2823

Moss 59 191 445 Lichens 53 175 930

Fungi 28 136 more 900

Algae 76 221 1236

Total 344 1385 6334

23

Priority area 3. Assisting Farmers in Disasters Situations to Restore Agricultural

Systems

The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) of Mongolia informed that

one third of 20-30 annual average climatic hazardous phenomena reach disaster level and the

direct loss to only agricultural sector estimates as 5-7 billion MNT.

But, no records reported from SHs about activity on Assisting Farmers in Disasters

Situations to Restore Agricultural Systems in Mongolia. There is no formal mechanism,

arrangements for rapid acquisition of PGRFA in place when disaster strikes in the country .

At the moment there weren’t occurred serious disaster situations in the country there

isn’t any experience on post disaster restoration on reintroduction of PGRFA.

It is important to improve legal issues and infrastructure conditions of National program on

restoration of locally adapted germplasm and acquisition of PGRFA following disaster

situation in the country and improve the “Disaster emergency law” of Mongolia.

Priority area 4. Promoting In-situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild

Plants for Food protection

The significant activities conducted by the government of Mongolia to promote in-situ

conservation of wild plants and wild genetic resources in Mongolia.

Mongolia has taken substantial steps towards achieving legal protection of species

inside and outside of protected areas. At present totally 38 protected areas covering! 7.4

million hectare which is 11.1% of the country have been established. These include 12

strictly prohibited areas,7 National conservation parks, 13 nature reserves and 6 natural and

historical monuments.

The several relevant documents such as “ Law on Natural Plants of Mongolia” in

1995; “ Mongolian Law on Forests”; “ National Biodiversity Action Plan”; “ National Action

Plan for Specially Protected Areas“; “ Government Guidelines on Ecology and National

Security“; “ Law on medical treatment”, ”The red book of Mongolia” in 1987 and 1997. In,

2002 the Government Resolution No.105 on “Conservation and sustainable use of rare plants

of Mongolia” and other documents concerning to conservation, restoration and sustainable

utilization of medicinal plant species of Mongolia have been released.

Also, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia in collaboration with World

Bank and Government of Neitherland implementing project on the development of “Law on

Genetic Resources” in Mongolia.

Efforts are on-going to continue activities related to the conservation of wild and wild

relatives of PGRFA and have been one of the strategies and action plan contained in the

National Biodiversity Policy.

The SHs suggesting to improve capacity building of protected areas, national parks

and natural reserves and provide equipment tools and competent staff specialized on plant

taxonomy and genetic diversity of the wild relatives and the international assistance of fund

and technology is needed. .

24

Priority area 5. Sustaining Existing Ex-Situ collections

The five SHs reported that about 20 projects implemented under this priority area.

Accessions and species collected and conserved ex situ SHs are as listed in Table 6.

The safe duplication of existing crop germplasm collection had not been established at

all collections. There is information that unknown number of landraces stored at VIR in

Russia, only 25 accessions duplicated officially at CIMMYT. The regional agriculture

research institutions including DARPC, WRARI and ARBM are holding some duplicates

from PSARTI collection.

Table 6. Present status of crop genetic resources conservation in Mongolia. 2010

Institute name No.

accessions

Crop category Location Type of

preservation

Plant Science and

Agricultural

Research Training

Institute

21086 Cereals, vegetables,

industrial, oil crops,

wild relatives, fruit tree

Darkhan Short-term

and

Long-term

Research Institute of

Animal Husbandry

2000 Fodder grasses.

Legume crops

Ulaan

baatar

Short-term

Altai Regional

Branch of MSUA

664 Vegetables, cereals Khovd Short-term

Dornod Agriculture

Research and

Production Center of

MSUA

160 Oil crops, industrial

crops

Choil

balsan

Short-term

Western Regional

Agricultural

Research Institute of

MSUA in

Ulaangom

280 Cereals Ulaangom Short-term

Only PSARTI has long term seed storage facility and in-vitro collection of potato

germplasm and others have short term seed storage facility. Duplicates of some landraces of

PSARTI collection hold at WRARI, ARBM and DARPC in Mongolia and at VIR in Russia as

wellas CIMMYT and ICARDA.

In 2000, the National Genebank established at PSARI with technical assistance of FAO and

support from IPGRI. PSARTI has short-term seed storage facilities with holding capacities of

30,000-35,000 accessions and long-term storage facilities for 10,000 accessions. In the long-

term storage seeds stored in aluminum foil packets and stored in chest deep freezers under

25

temperature -180C and in short-term storage seeds dried to 12-13% of moisture content are

packed in paper envelopes and aluminum bags and stored under the temperature 5 - 100C.

Table 7. Status of perennial PGRFA at PSARTI

Plant category

Numbers

Field area

ha Genus

Species

varieties Plants

Fruit trees and berries 0.5 20 74 588

wild perennial useful plants for food,

medicine 0.2 21 20 291

Ornamental perennials 0.3 16 21 335

Total

1 ha 57 115 1214

The passport data, characterization and evaluation data of each accession available on

manual form at each SHs.

Since 1998, the PSARTI is using Germplasm Management System (GMS) computer program

for documentation of PGR including passport data, characterization and evaluation data

management.

SHs reported that Mongolia still has low technical capability and facility for

conservation PGRFA at the national level and the lack of funding, insufficient staff,

insufficient equipment, lack of facilities and occurrence of pests and diseases are the still main

limiting factors for efficient conservation of PGRFA in the country. The number of urgent

actions required to be implemented in near future including:

- Securing and improving the existing Ex-Situ collections of PGRFA throughout

the country and set up duplicate genebank and promoting In-Situ conservation

- Regenerating threatened Ex-Situ Accessions

- Supporting planned and targeted collecting of Plant Genetic Resources for

Food and Agriculture

- Promoting high diversity in germplasm collection to reduce Genetic

Vulnerability

- improving existing germplasm database and developing data management

system of PGR in Mongolian language at national level

- Setting up the network on PGR documentation at National and Regional level

- Implementing genetic diversity study of Mongolia landraces and wild relatives

26

Priority area. 6. Regenerating threatened ex-situ accession

Under this priority area five SHs who are mainly involved into regeneration of

PGRFA reported that 20 projects implemented in the country. The regeneration of PGR ex-

situ collections hold by SHs conducted based on the seed viability result and when low seed

amount recorded. The germplasm accessions in ex-situ collection are not classified according

to threats.

The regeneration activities of existing ex-situ collections covered under the national

projects on PGRFA which is regular research project funded by STF Mongolia. .

SHs reported that regeneration of open pollinated varieties especially various

vegetables PGR are time consuming and costly requiring isolation facilities.

SHs suggested that the crop specific regeneration guidelines including adequate

population size, suitable regeneration condition, appropriate sampling strategies in Mongolian

language required which could reduce genetic changes, the training and isolation facilities

required for improvement of regeneration crop species. Also, regional and international

assistance in the area of training of local researchers, funding and capacity building for

adequate regeneration are very essential.

Priority area. 7. Supporting planned and targeted collecting of PGRFA

The SHs reported 15 projects on collecting PGRFA and more that 20 projects on

natural PGR were implemented under this priority area in the country.

The collecting of PGRFA are mainly carried out by MSUA affiliated research

institutes including PSARTI, DARPC, WRARI, ARBM and MSUA.

The target crops of collecting were landraces and new introduced varieties which

cultivated by farmers and aiming at enriching initial breeding materials for breeding and crop

improvement.

The SHs reported that the lack of fund for conducting further collections is still the

main constraint and suggested conducting collecting of threatened PGRFA especially along

the state border areas, define geographical location references data of existing landraces,

develop guidelines and manuals for collecting and train local staff.

The systematic study on exploration of natural plant genetic resources started since

1940s when government of Mongolia invited Russian researchers lead by Dr. I.A.Tsatsenkin,

A.A.Unatov and B.I.Grubov. Especially, A.A.Unatov focused on rare and useful plant species

giving emphasis on plant species of medicinal value.

Since then a number of research activities and field collecting trips successfully conducted

carried out by research organizations and individuals to numerous rich floristic areas in

remote regions of Mongolia including Mongolian Altai, Gobi Altai, Zuungarian gobi,

Eastern Mongolia, South Siberia, Mongolian Dahuur. Many team expeditions to

Khuvsgul, Khentei, Khangain mountain, Zuungarian, Altain South and Alashaa gobi,

Mongolian Dahuur, Eastern Mongolian steppe and Khingan mountain regions.

27

Among them, the biggest, productive event was a Joint Russian-Mongolian Complex

Biological Expedition conducted since 1970. Over 40 years large-scale integrated study on

ecosystem research has been performed involving highly qualified researchers of Russia and

Mongolia. This expedition research developed first synthetic map of Mongolian flora and

ecosystem and this was the basis of further set of measures to establish protected areas of

Mongolia.

Priority area.8. Expanding ex-situ conservation activities

The SHs reported that several field collections of fruit trees, berries, ornamentals and

medicinal PGRFA and wild plant genetic resources exist at agricultural research organization

and institutes of MAS.

The field genebank of cultivated species of temperate fruits, berries, ornamentals and

some rare medicinal plant species are stored at PSARTI and WRARI. Also RIAH hold field

collection of cultivated forms and selected wild types of perennial fodder plants germplesm

which are essential source for fodder plant breeding in the country.

The MSUA has established new field genebank of rare and medicinal PGR originated from

Eastern Mongolia at Kherlen Bayanulaan in Khentii province in 2004.

The ex-situ field collections of natural PGR are held at the Institute of Botany of MAS in the

Botanical Garden in Mongolia. This garden has a collection of 9250 plant stands of various

useful plants (Enkhtuvshin.B et al. 1999) but an adequate documentation of this collection

doesn’t exist at the moment. Also, the Laboratory of Plant Systematic holds about 100,000-

herbarium specimen and seed collection of 2800 species of natural plants belonging to 662

genera and 128 families. At present this laboratory works on systematic documentation of

specimen and seed collection (Undarmaa, 2003). The herbarium also contains plant species

from other countries and regions including largest are from Russia, 100 sheets from Germany,

200 sheets are from Bulgaria, South Korea, Hungary and et.c.

In addition, Institute of Botany holds seed collection of 95.0 percent of seed plants (2700

species) from the flora of Mongolia. The Seed herbarium (UBA) has totally over 800

seeds of 402 species of 243 genera of 74 families.

Constraints listed by stakeholders include limited funding, shortage of labour, land and

expertise. The SHs suggested to expand field collections of perennial PGRFA and identified

the need to undertake in vitro conservation, cryopreservation and develop guidelines and

manuals for field genebank management. The regional and internationals support and

assistance are required.

Priority area 9. Expanding the characterization, evaluation and number of

core collections to facilitate use

SHs reported that the characterization and evaluation of PGRFA are mainly conducted

under the routine project on “Agricultural crop genetic resources” which is by MOFALI and

28

funded by STF Mongolia. All regional agricultural research institutions including WRARI,

DARPC, ARBM and RIAH are involved into the project implementation. Since 1991, the 5

projects implemented. Also, additional crop specific projects carried out.

The characterization and evaluation of PGRFA mainly focused on the morphological

characters and agronomic traits. The SHs involved in the characterization and evaluation of

PGR are used VIR and IPGRI descriptors and the Mongolian version of crop descriptors

developed for 20 major crop species at PSARTI. But, no SHs reported that capability to

conduct molecular marker characterization.

Evaluation on potential biological characters for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and

productivity traits including yield, tolerance to cold temperature and drought, short maturity

et.c are mainly focused.

Characterization and evaluation data were documented mostly in manual form at all

SHs only PSARTI and Institute of Botany have some electronic database on germplasm

characterization and evaluation.

Only 1 core collection of 1952 wheat accessions established in Mongolia so far the

complexity of the methodology causing a limitation in establishing the core collection.

Constraints listed by stakeholders include limited funding, shortage of staff, lack of

laboratory facilities for molecular study, lack of experience, appropriate methodology of core

collection.

The SHs reported that further actions and supports on facility improvement, training of

local research staff on the creation of core collection and molecular studies and continuing

development of plant descriptors are required from local government, regional and

international level.

Priority area 10. Increasing Genetic Enhancement and Base- Broadening Efforts

The SHs reported about 10 projects implemented on crop improvement of major

cultivated plants including wheat, barley, oat, potato, vegetables, fruits and some annual

fodder crops. The breeding of wheat, barley and some major vegetable varieties conducted

mainly at PSARTI, breeding of barley at WRARI and breeding of perennial fodder species

conducted at RIAH. Other institutions are mainly carried out variety test of different plants

and varieties.

Most of the germplasm utilized in crop improvement were obtained from

national genebank, CGIAR genebanks and countries of collaboration.

Table. 8 Capability of institutions to conduct crop breeding and improvement activities

No. Institution Crop category Breeding and

crop

improvement

capability

29

1. Plant Science and Agricultural Research

Institute

Wheat, barley, oat,

millet, potato,

cabbage, turnip,

beets, carrot, tomato,

onion, pepper,

sorghum, triticale,

pea, fruit treesetc

increasing

2. Western Regional Agricultural Research

Institute of MSUA in Ulaangom

Barley, vegetables,

fruits, Decreasing

3. Dornod Agriculture Research and

Production Center of MSUA

Wheat, pea, soybean,

rapes, maize,

sunflower, fruits

stable

4. Altai Regional branch of MSUA

Cucumber, melon,

sunflower, maize,

watermelon, barley,

Decreasing

5. Research Institute of Animal Husbandry

Perennial grasses.

Fairway crested

wheatgrass, Sibirian

wildrye, alfa-alfa,

Lucerne, clover

Increasing

6. Institute of Botany

Natural medicinal

and rare plant

domestication:

Adonis mongolica

Sim, Glysyrrhiza

uralensis fisgz,

Hippophae

rhamnoides L,

Thlaspi arvense L,

Sophora

alopecuroides L,

Elaeagnus

Moorcroftii, Ephedra

eduisetina, Asparagus

spp,

stable

7. School of Agrobiology Wheat, pea, lentil,

chickpea, artichoke, stable

For the genetic broadening and genetic enhancement of wheat germplasm the physical

and chemical mutation technique used at PSARTI and 5 projects implemented through IAEA

fund since 1980s.

30

Generally no farmers are involved in the crop improvement programs but TRD project

funded by Canadian Government did some initiative to involve farmers into crop

improvement activities and result was very promising.

SHs emphasized need for expanding the genetic enhancement activities including initiating

breeding of new crops, production of hybrid seed materials, organizing training on plant

breeding and genetics, facility improvement of breeding activities and increase number of

research and technical staff and funding. There is also need for support an initiatives of

farmers participatory crop improvement activities in the country.

Priority area 11. Promoting Sustainable Agriculture through Diversification of

Crop Production and Broader Diversity in Crops,

There are 30 projects listed under this priority area by 5 SHs. The objective of crop

diversification projects are to test and find appropriate crop types and varieties that suitable to

grow under various agro-ecological conditions Mongolia. The crops mainly involved in crop

diversification projects are: rye, maize, sunflower, rapeseed, flax, sudan grass, sorghum, leaf

vegetables, legumes including pea, lentil, chickpea, soybean, broadbean etc.

In Mongolia the monoculture cultivation of wheat is dominated of (more than 90%) due to the

market situation. It is essential in Mongolia to have new crops for rotation.

The major constraints listed by SHs for introduction of new crops are marketing and

commercial obsrtacles, lack of appropriate machinery, production technology, insufficient

amount of certified seeds, lack of farmers' acceptance

SHs suggested to enhance production of hybrid seed materials of major vegetables, to

rehabilitate activities of State variety test commission and seed production of new crops to be

initiated.

Priority area 12. Promoting Development and Commercialization of Under- Utilized

Crops and Species

Under this category only 1 project listed by PSARTI. There are list of crops that have

potential value but under-utilized in the country. The most potential underutilized crops are

Allium sativum, Allium fistulosum, Capsicum annuum, Brassica oleracea var. chinensis,

Allium chinense, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, Vicia

faba, Panicum miliaceum.

Due to mainly limited market and commercial value these crops are underutilized

However these crops still have value in many remoteand therefore appropriate strategies and

plan of action on those under-utilized crop species needed.

Priority area 13. Supporting Seed Production and Distribution

31

The SHs reported 12 projects under this priority area. Projects are implemented by

research organizations and mainly focused on production of elite and super-elite seed material

of registered varieties of wheat, potato and some vegetables like head cabbage, turnip, beet,

carrot and onions.

It is reported that the current situation of elite seed supply to domestic producers is

very poor. After the collapse of centrally planned system the all state owned large agriculture

properties has been privatized and in consequence the small private farms with limited

financial resources were unable to afford for the standard pure seed production activities

which led to full collapse of national seed production system in Mongolia. Since then the

grain seed quality declined year to year. The annual demand for seed to domestic producer

estimated to require in case of wheat 40000-45000 tons, in case of potato 35000-36000 tons

and in case of vegetables it is 16-18 tons, approximately.

The grain producers use seed from own harvest from previous years or from other

commercial farmers based on the rumor that had better harvest. The vegetable producers tend

to buy imported seeds at supermarket or buy directly from uncertified vegetable growers. But

most of them are not satisfy producers’ demand and tends to end in poor harvest.

The State Commission for Testing and inspecting new varieties under MOFALI

inspects new varieties before they released for commercial production. The Commission

comprises 17 members including chairman and secretary and leading researchers and

representatives from MSUA, PSARTI and State quarantine department.

The 16 test sites in different agro-ecological zones existed and carried out intensive

tests of new crop varieties until 1992. But. Now, these sites are collapsed and privatised.

There is law on “Crop varieties and seed” which was released in 1999. This is the only

document which regulates crop seed production activities in Mongolia at the moment.

There are few government programs in place to promote seed sector in Mongolia including

the Green revolution program 2004-2012, the National program on “Rehabilitation of crop

sector” of the Government of Mongolia, the Government policy on Food and Agriculture

sector-2004-2015 and the National program for Food Security 2009-2016.

There no specific incentives provided to seed producer but wheat producers are getting

incentives of 50000-80000 tugric per ton of grain.

The most of SHs emphasized the need for improvement and restoration of current seed

supply system and seed policy in the country. SHs conclude following activities need to be

implemented to improve the national system of seed production in Mongolia:

- To enable the sufficient production of parent seed material of grain crops at research

institutions that would play significant role in further promoting mass production of

superior elite and super elite seed production.

- To establish the entire national system or network of elite and super elite seed

production and supply.

- To increase the production of certified seed class 1 and 2 and to improve quality

control in seed production.

- To involve farmers in seed supply chain as official and unofficial seed producers

32

- Improve legislation and other acts for seed production and plant breeding,

variety registration and protection; seed quality control and certification;

commercialization of seed, processing and marketing etc

- To provide incentives and other supports to seed producers.

Priority area 14. Developing New Markets for Local Varieties and 'Diversity- Rich'

Products There are some government programs in place including National program for Food

Security 2009-2016 where crop diversification activities planned and supported.

SHs provided list of crops that the local varieties have or may have high market

potential including Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Brassica

oleracea var. capitata, Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum, Allium tuberosum, Lactuca

augustana and Hippophae rhamnoides.

The major constraints in the development of new markets for local varieties and

diversity products reported the lack of processing industry, lack of planting materials and

marketing to customers.

Priority area 15. Building Strong National Programs

There isn’t official legal framework or government unit responsible for regulation of

the establishment of the national strategy, plan and program on conservation and sustainable

use of PGRFA and coordination. However, the director of Foreign Affairs Department of the

MOFALI is official representation to FAO PGR commission and there is continuous support

from the ministry on implementation of research projects on conservation of PGRFA. There

isn’t any legal document for regulation of PGRFA except the law on “Crop varieties and

seed”.

The research projects on conservation and sustainable use PGRFA implemented by the

research institutes of MSUA including PSARTI, WRARI, DARPC, ARBM and RIAH. At the

moment the research and other activities related to PGRFA are mainly coordinated by

PSARTI.

The situation in natural PGR is little different. There are national action plan on the

“Conservation of Biological Diversity” in place since 1996 . In addition, several laws

including Law on natural plants, Law on protected areas, Law on Natural protection, Law on

Forest conservation etc are implemented in the country.

Also, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia in collaboration with World

Bank and Government of Netherlands implementing project on the development of “Law on

Genetic Resources” in Mongolia.

In September 1993, the Ministry of Nature and Tourism of Mongolia has entered into

an agreement to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity.

SHs listed constraints in building strong national progr are:

- There isn’t national program on PGRFA and priorities are still not set

33

- Lack of legal frame work and status for establishment and coordination of

national program for PGRFA. PGRFA activities limited only by activities of

research organizations.

- The genebank of PGRFA is belongs to MECS but PGRFA projects belong to

MOFALi and the lack of synergy of activities between two ministries.

- There isn’t duplicate genebank available and regional sub-banks are very weak

- Mongolia still not entered into ITPGRFA

- The crop genetic resources in Mongolia still not completely studied

The SHs strongly recommend to take action on establishment of strong national program on

conservation and utilization of PGRFA in the country and development of legal framework

and documents relevant to PGRFA and to provide support to research oragnizations holding

PGRFA and establishment national genebank and duplicate genebank based on the existing

improvement genebanks at PSARTI and other institutions.

Priority area 16. Promoting Networks for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

Agriculture

There are not significant crop networks for PGRFA exist in Mongolia.

Priority area 17. Constructing Comprehensive Information Systems for Plant Genetic

Resources for Food and Agriculture

Only 3 SHs reported to have electronic information system but none of them linked to

web based system.

At the PSARTI the passport data, characterization and evaluation data of each

accession are available on manual format. Since 1998, the Germplasm Management System

(GMS) applied for electronic documentation including registration, passport data,

characterization and evaluation that is contributed from IPGRI. At present, passport and

characterization data of over 7000 accessions are recorded on GMS. The system need to be

updated and translated into Mongolian language.

The Laboratory of Plant Resources and Introduction of the Institute of Botany works

on the database development of useful plants of Mongolia jointly with the Institute of

Information Technology. At the moment, the 134 families, over 680 genus and about 2900

species including important information of plant names, habitat, description, status, digital

image and others are recorded in the Database of Mongolian flora. The distribution map for

each species and digital database are in progress.

The Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (RIAH) has manual format of passport,

characterization and evaluation data.

The SHs listed constraints including lack of funding, information specialist, computer

facilities and most important is lack of specific database program for PGR management in

Mongolian language.

34

SHs suggested to develop computer based documentation program in Mongolian

language and apply same program nationwide and organize training on the use of information

system. Also, there is opportunity to use GRIN Global for database management and it will

enable to connect to international information databases

Priority Area 18. Developing Monitoring and Early Warning Systems for Loss of Plant

Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

The current mechanism for monitoring genetic erosion mainly conducted in the form

of land surveys, environmental impact assessment in the new mining areas. There are need

for mechanism for assessing genetic erosion and genetic vulnerability on scientific basis in the

country. The lack of know-how, available competent staff, funding and legislation are main

constraints in this priority area. The regional and international assistance is essential to build

national system for assessment and monitoring the genetic erosion in the country. Priority Area 19. Expanding and Improving Education and Training

SHs reported that there is no national strategy for training and education on sustainable

conservation of PGRFA in the country. There are some opportunities for university level

training and short training courses in the region and internationally but lack of financial

support and language the local genetic resources staff can’t participate most of training.

Locally, the MSUA has subjects related to conservation of PGRFA in the training

program and offers to interested students of agronomy, ecology and land management classes.

SHs emphasizes importance short and long term training activities for local staff in the

fields the use of biotechnology or genetic resources studies, germplasm management in the

genebank, database management of PGRFA. Also, training and demonstration activities need

to be organized for the improvement of public awareness including not only farmers,

researchers also important government policy, administration officers and school children

about the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA.

Priority Area 20 Promoting Public Awareness of the Value of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Conservation and Use

The public awareness on the value of PGRFA is limited in the country. There is no

formal programs and coordinated activities in place to promote Public awareness. The public awareness activity on natural wild PGR are organized MNET, NGOs and mainly by projects funded by foreign donors. Whereas public awareness of PGRFA mostly organized by research organizations conducting project on conservation and utilization of PGRFA, partly organized by NGOs and international organizations.

The major constraints listed in this area are the insufficient number of staff and staff doesn’t have experience and skill, national priorities have not been established and it is not very clear which organization is responsible for this activity.

The PSARTI stated that it is essential to organize national meeting on the safe

conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA and to set up national priorities, responsible focal

35

organizations for PGRFA and dispense responsibilities and obligations.

Also international assistance and support is needed for the improvement of public

awareness

5.Difficulties and lessons learned:

During the implementation of NISM-GPA Mongolia the most certain difficulty was that due to the

lack of the skill using electronic form of NISM software and the everyday normal workload of SHs the

most of the data was in the manual form. This situation took much time of NFP to encode to the

system. Therefore, it is essential the SHs should be familiarized on the use and operation of the NISM-

GPA software and on hand training is needed.

Also, the different reaction from officials and heads of institutes had been observed

that some of them not well understood objective of the NISM and didn’t want to collaborate

whereas most of SHs and government officials reacted very positively. The Bio-safety

regulation department of the MNET expressed their interest on using the NISM-GPA

Mongolia database for creation of database of professionals specialized for genetic resources

and crop improvement activity in the country.

The computer application of NISM was very useful but some functions need to be

improved. For example in the reference table the information to be classified.

Also, when answering priority area 5.4 the ex-situ collection name linked to protab instead of

organization. Because, the ex-situ collections hold by institutes but not by project.

6. Conclusions and future plan

Mongolia, successfully implemented the first phase of establishment of National

Information Sharing Mechanism in the Monitoring of the Implementation of the GPA in

Mongolia (NISM-GPA) and fount the system very useful mechanism to assess the current

situation of conservation and utilization of PGRFA in the country and to improve further plan

policy and set priorities in this area.

This is first time provided opportunity to assess current status of conservation and

utilization of PGRFA in Mongolia.

The project result has revealed the key research organizations, individuals, projects and

activities relevant to collecting, conservation and sustainable utilization of PGRFA, the status

of responsible government organizations for conservation of PGRFA and their relations, the

legal status of PGR conservation and constraints and opportunities.

This information database would help for setting priorities, responsibilities, effective

planning of projects and activities relevant to PGRFA as well as designating national focal

body in the future. It will also contribute to policymakers, farmers, researchers, government

organizations and public to get overview about the current situation of conservation of

PGRFA.

Based on the information gathered it can be concluded that the current status of

activities conservation and utilization PGRFA in Mongolia is very weak. There are a lot of

36

uncertainties in terms of policy, priority areas and organization structure of implementation of

GPA. But, it is observed that the survey, inventory and conservation activities of natural PGR

in the country are done quite sufficiently and the legislation of genetic resources activities,

regional and international collaboration are relatively well coordinated by the MNET.

The lack of clear policy and priority on PGRFA, insufficient funding, technical

capability and facility for conservation PGRFA, equipment, laboratory facilities especially for

germplasm storage and characterization, lack of competent experienced research staff are the

main limiting factors in the conservation and utilization of PGRFA and the support from

regional and international organizations needed.

The report of the project with appropriate recommendations would be submitted to

relevant ministry and other government agencies and policy makers in the country. This

would contribute to strengthen activities relevant to conservation and sustainable utilization of

PGRFA in the country.

The start was successful and this success should not be stopped with the termination of

the project. The NISM-GPA Mongolia is all about us and first of all is essential for

Mongolians rather than others. Therefore, we propose to continue next phase of the project.

Of course we can contribute some but not everything. So we need support from project donors

and FAO. The PSARTI would contribute maintaining the system running and continue to

improve, update the database as one component of local project on crop genetic resources.

The permanent staff for genebank database management will be responsible for continued

updating and improvement of the system.

37

Annex

Annex 1: Schedule of NISM implementation

Time Activity Output Budget

(US$)

Reporting to FAO

Dec 2009 Meetings with

authorities to explain

project

Support of authorities

for the project

100

Dec 2009 Survey of stakeholders List of stakeholders

prepared

500 Report on stakeholders

Jan-Feb

2009

First stakeholders

meeting

Stakeholders

understanding

achieved

1000 Report of the meeting

Jan-Feb

2009

Provision of

equipment for project

accomplishment

Facilities provided 4600 List of facilities

provided

Jan-March

2010

Common Tables

prepared and initial

data filled in

Common Tables

prepared

500 Common Tables

provided

March 2010 Web portal for

Mongolia

Web site established 500 Web site visible on

internet

First Budget allocation 7200

Mar-June

2010

Gathering main SH

data (including travel)

(Group 1)

Data

gathered/inputted

3000 Update report

June-Dec

2010

Filling in data

(including budget for

personnel)

Data added to the

system

3000 Update report

July-Sept

2010

Follow up visits to

Main Stakeholders

(Group 1)

Stakeholders provided

with support for data

sharing

3000 Update report

Sept - Nov

2010

Add data from new

stakeholders to NISM

(including travel)

NISM_GPA database

improved

3000 Update report

38

(Group 2)

Second Budget allocation 12000

Jan-May

2011

Data analysis and

validating information

NISM_GPA database

improved and

validated

2300 Update report

June 2011 Draft reports and

discuss final

achievements of the

project with

stakeholders

Final database

distributed to

Stakeholders

1500 Report on final meeting

July-Sept

2011

Finalize reports and

translated

Final report submitted

to FAO

1000 Final reports submitted

to FAO

Final Budget allocation 4800

Total Budget 24,000

39

Annex 2. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at PSARTI

№ Genus species Total

accession

type

Origin landraces Introduced

Foreign

landraces

Modern

variety

Breeding

lines

unknown

1 Triticum spp 7760 575 103 3763 3180 139

Mongolia, Russia, Europe,

USA, Canada, India, Korea,

Egypt, Nepal, Mexico, China,

Kazakhstan, Korea, Japan,

New Zealand ,Australia ,

Austria, Bulgaria,

Chiha,Rumania, Mongolia,

Poland,Chile, Chez, Hungary,

Iran, Ethiopia, Morocco,

Italy, Portugal, Israel,

Tunisia, Peru,

Yugoslavia,Germany,Turkey,

Pakistan,Sudan, Nepal,

Afghanistan, Kenya,

Armenia,Uzbekistan,

Turkmenistan, Uzbek

Bengieria,Chile, Sudan,

Kenya, Cardin,

Sweizari,Tadjekhstan, Franz,

Algeria, Cilia,Sera, Mongolia,

Span, Mongolia, Azerbaijan,

Ukraine, Kyrgyz, Tajek,

,Swissair,Portugal, Great

Britain, Grieg,Pineland,

40

Kumar,

2 Hordeum

vulgare 5734 350 105 1127 3266 886

Mongolia, Russia, Europe,

USA, Canada, India, Korea,

Egypt, Nepal, Mexico, China,

Poland,Kazakhstan, South

Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Chez,

New Zealand,

Germany,Poland, Hungary ,

Dani, Kyrgyz, Norwegian,

Sweden, Nederland, Franc,

Germany, Pinelanд, Ethiopia,

Holland Англи, Аргентин,

Turk, Australia, Ireland,

Bilge, Latvia, Azerbaijan

Rumania

3 Panicum

milliaceum 400 26 34 118 33 185

Mongolia, Russia, Europe,

China, South Korea, Tadjek,

Gurj, Kazakhstan, Ukraine,

Uzbekistan, Dagestan,

Kyrgyz, Afghanistan, Chez

4 Avena sativa 1490 51 65 681 405 288

Mongolia, Russia, Europe,

USA, Canada, China, New

Zealand, Peru, Chez,

Yugoslavia, Slovak, Peru

Austere, Ethiopia,

Turk,Chile, Germany

Ukraine, Bulgaria, Sweden,

41

Belarusian, Holland, Franc

5 Triticale cereal

L 600 - - - 20 571 9

Russia, Europe, Mexico,

USA, India, Canada, Poland,

Hungary, Romania, Ukraine,

Sweden, Pумын, Japan,

Kyrgyzstan, Egypt, Germany,

Bulgaria

6 Secale cereale 230 3 18 18 158 42 4

Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria,

Yugoslavia , Kazakhstan

Poland, Czech, USA,

Canada, Mexico, Japan

Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Sweden,

Pineland, Germany, Armenia,

Norwegian, Austria,

Belarusian, Aston, Latvia,

Hungary, Turk

7 Zea maize 103 1 - - 61 37 4

Mongolia, Russia, Europe,

USA, Canada, China, New

Zealand, Korea. Japan,

Hungary, India, Bulgaria,

India Rumania

8

Helianthus

annuus L

76 - 9 9 38 25 6

South Korea, Germany,

Yugoslavia , Russia, Hungary,

Turk, USA, China

, Belarusian, Bulgaria, India

9 Fagopyrum

esculentum 86 - 18 18 62 - 6

Russia, Lithia, Belarusian,

Ukraine, China, Japan,

42

Moench Hungary Орос, эстон,

Belarusian, Chez, Ukraine,

South Korea

10

Pisum sativum

L

275 10 1 1 222 23 8

Uzbekistan ,Japan, Russia ,

Turk, Israel, Egypt, Kyrgyz,

Chez, Latvia, Hungary, Turk,

Franc,Sweden, Germany,

Nederland, America, Canada,

Israel

11

Glycine

hispida. Maxim

200 - - - 100 92 3

China, Russia, Germany,

Austria, Taiwan, South Korea

, Japan, India, Chez,

Yugoslavia , Hungary,

Canada, Bulgaria, America

12 Vicia sativa L

35 - - - 32 - 3

13

Vigna

unguiculata (L)

Walp

58 7 - - 19 - 32

China,Hungary, Russia, Levi,

Chez

Poland, Ukraine,

Germany,America, Canada

14

Ervum Lens L.

esculenta

Moench

27 2 - - 17 2 6 Canada, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia

15 Cicer arietinum

L 63 1 1 1 28 14 20

Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary,

Russia, India, Italy,

Kazakhstan, Hungary

Uzbekistan, Canada

16 Arachis 108 - 1 1 28 32 47 Vietnam, Bulgaria, Conical ,

43

hypogaea L. Cuba, China, Malibu,

Jamaica, Argentine, Brazil,

Turkey, Malays, USA, India,

Brazil, Israel, Zambia, South

America, Given, Cuba,

Russia, Bulgaria, Japan,

Argentina, Brazila, Bolivia,

South Africa

17 Amaranthus

spp. 77 - - - 15 18 44

Nepal, USA, China, Rumania,

Peru,Germany, India, Canada,

Mexico America, Franz,

Bolivia, Hungary, Argentina,

Portugal, India, Yugoslavia

18 Medicago

sativa L 130 9 2 2 103 5 5

Russia, Kyrgyzstan, USA,

Canada, Franc, Hungary,

Ukraine, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyz,Tadjik, India, New

Zealand

19 Trifolium ызз

55 - - - 53 - 2

Latvia, piston, Russia,

Canada, Tadjik, Armenia

,Chez, Kazakhstan, Latvia,

Kyrgyz, New Zealand

20 Bromus inermis

Leyss 40 - - - 40 - -

America, Ukraine, Belarusian,

Piston, Russia, Canada,

Armenia, Chez, Kazakhstan,

Latvia, Kyrgyz, New Zealand,

Hungary, Sweden, China

21 Agropyron 9 - - - 9 - - Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz

44

cristatum (L)

gaertn

22 Onobrychis

viciaefolia Scop 12 - - - 12 - -

Russia, Grain, Uzbek,

Armenia, Canada

23 Festuca spp 29 - - - 28 - 1

Russia, Latvia, Azerbaijan,

Kyrgyz, Latvia, Piston,

Ukraine, Belarusian, Canada

24

Sorghum

sudanese

(Piper) St

15 - - - 13 - 2 Rumania, Russia, Hungary,

China, Kazakhstan

25

Brassica napus

L var. oleifera

(L) Reich

42 - - - 37 - 5

Korea, Sweden Russia, Chez,

Korea, Germany, Canada,

Dane, Japan Ukraine

26 Cannabis sativa 19 1 - - 2 2 14

Russia, China, Ukraine,

Rumania, Yugoslavia ,

Bulgaria

27

Linum

ussitatissimum

L

55 2 - - 44 6 2

Russia, Chez, America,

Germany, Nederland,

Pineland, Canada

28 Carthamus

tinctorius L 7 - - - 5 2 -

Hungary , England, Japan,

Morocco

29 Solanum

melongena L 24 3 - - 18 2 1

Bulgaria, India, Russia,

China, America, Egypt ,

Bulgaria, Germany, Iизрайл

30 Lycopersicon

esculentum Mill 531 21 - - 386 110 15

Russia, Japan, Germany,

Israel, Bulgaria, Mongolia,

Hungary, China

Chez, Poland, Canada,

45

Holland, Japan,

Korea,Ukraine

31 Capsicum

annuum L, 182 16 2 2 128 19 17

India, Russia China, Japan,

Bulgaria, Hungary,USA,

South Korea, Ukraine,

Uzbekistan, Germany, Chez,

Grousin, Yugoslavia , Brazil,

Israel

32

Citrullus

lanatus (Thunb)

Matsum et Nak

188 46 109 6 10

33 Cucurbita

maxima Duch 141 21 107 3 -

34 Solanum

tuberosum 80 3 57 20 6

35 Cucumis melo, 120 21 87 6 8

36 Cucumis

sativus L 260 49 155 48 34

37 Brassica spp. 406 51 3 237 82 33

India, China, Russia, Japan,

Korea, Germany, USA,

Mongolia, Canada,

Mongolia, Chez, Holland,

Bulgaria, Hungary

38 Brassica napus

L. var. rapifera 104 44 - 48 8 4

Korea, Poland, Bulgaria,

China, Mongolia ,Russia,

Pineland, Dane, Sweden, Nor

beg, Franc, Latvia, Canada,

Piston, Korea, Japan

46

39 Brassica rapa

L. ssp. rapifera 36 1 - 33 - 2

Russia, Mongolia, Latvia,

Canada, Poland, America,

Germany, Sweden

40 Beta vulgaris L,

esculenta. 110 7 1 98 - 4

Russia, Japan, Korea,

Hungary , Holland, Chez,

Germany, Israel, America,

Bulgaria, Turk, Canada

41

Beta vulgaris L.

var.

Saccharifera

44 4 - 32 8 -

China, Russia, Holland,

Germany, Chez, Dane,

Ukraine, England,

Afghanistan

42 Allium

tuberosum 92 7 - 80 5 -

Nepal, USA, Russia, Ukraine,

Chez, Hungary, Germany ,

Nederland, Span, Egypt,

India, Canada, Israel

43 Allium

festulosum L. 83 42 2 24 - 15

Russia, Mongolia, Japan,

China, Korea, Canada,

America,

44 Other onions 56 5 - 5 5 16

Russia, Mongolia, Japan,

China,Germany , Chez,

Canada, America

45 Daucus carota

L 158 33 3 109 8 5

Ukraine,Russia, Japan,

China, South Korea, Bulgaria,

Chez, Hungary, Nederland,

Poland, Italy, Georgia

Argentina, Canada, America

46 Raphanus

sativus L, 108 20 - 84 - 4

Japan, China, Russia, Chez,

Hungary, Uzbekistan,

47

radiculus Germany, Kazakhstan,

Vietnam, Israel, America,

Korea, Canada

47 Raphanus

raphanistroides 70 9 - 51 2 8

Japan, South Korea, India,

Russia, Germany, Chez,

Uzbekistan, Canada, South

Korea, Nepal

48 Anethum

graveolens L. 71 26 3 15 - 27

Russia, Afghanistan, China,

Egypt, Mongolia, Kazakhstan

, Germany, America, Sweden,

Canada

49 Lactuca sativa

L 109 1 5 97 - 5

China, Russia, Azerbaijan,

Japan, Egypt, Vietnam,

Bulgaria, Chez, Ukraine,

Nederland, America, Israel,

Germany, Hungary, Holland,

Canada, Korea

50 Spinacia

oleracea L 54 15 3 20 3 13

Russia,China, Nepal, USA,

Japan, Egypt

Hungary, Japan, Germany,

Canada, America, Korea

51 Coriandrum

sativum L 28 5 2 21 - -

Russia, Georgia , Germany,

England, Franc, Czech,

Austria, America

52 Coriandrum

sativum L 26 18 1 1 - 6 Russia, Bulgaria, Armenia

53 Apium

graveolens L. 26 5 4 17 - -

Russia, Canada, Japan,

America, Germany, China,

48

Bulgaria, Chez

54 Spices and leaf

vegetables 93 4 7 54 - 28

Russia, Japan, Canada, USA,

Uber Mongolia, Russia,

Poland, Bulgaria, England,

America, Germany, Chez,

Holland

total 21086 1515 86 393 8908 8090 1982

49

Annex 3. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at WRARI in Ulaangom

№ Genus species Landraces Origin

1 Allium cepa 2 Мongolia

2 Allium sativum 2 Мongolia

3 Beta vulgaris 1 Мongolia

4 Brassica napus 1 Мongolia

5 Brassica napus subsp. rapifera 1 Мongolia

6 Brassica oleracea 2 Мongolia

7 Bromus inermis 2 Мongolia

8 Daucus carota 1 Мongolia

9 Glycine hispida 1 Мongolia

10 Hippophae rhamnoides 12 Мongolia

11 Hordeum vulgare 50 Мongolia

12 Lonicera alba 5 Мongolia

13 Lycopersicon esculentum 1 Мongolia

14 Malus pumila 5 Мongolia

15 Malus pumila var. domestica 6 Мongolia

16 Medicago sativa 1 Мongolia

17 Onobrychis viciifolia 2 Мongolia

18 Prunus domestica 5 Мongolia

19 Pyrus communis 2 Мongolia

20 Ribes nigrum 4 Мongolia

21 Ribes rubrum 3 Мongolia

22 Rubus idaeus 3 Мongolia

23 Sorghum sudanense 3 Мongolia

24 Triticum aestivum 165 Мongolia

total 280

Annex 4. Ex-situ collection of PGRFA at ARB of MSUA

Genus species

Genus

species

Total accession Origin

Mon intr

Allium fistulosum 8 8 Mongolia

Apium graveolens 1 1 Mongolia

Arachis hypogaea 3 3 Mongolia

Avena sativa 7 7 Mongolia

50

Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera 21 2 19

VIR, Mongolia,

Czech

Brassica caulorapa 24 24

Czech, Denmark,

France, China

Brassica oleracea 11 4 7

Mongolia,

Russian federation

Brassica oleracea 13

5 8

India, Russian

federation,

Mongolia

Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 4 1 3 Mongolia, Czech

Capsicum annuum 12 12 China, Hungary

Carum carvi 18 18 Mongolia

Citrullus lanatus 50

8 42

Russian

federation,

Mongolia, Egypt,

Hungary, USA,

India, China,

Izreal, Japan

Coriandrum sativum 1 1 Mongolia

Cucumis melo var. reticulatus 20

20

Russian

federation, USA,

Israel

Cucumis sativus 7 7 Mongolia

Cucurbita moschata 10

10

Russian

federation,

Kyrgyzstan, USA

Daucus carota 3 3 Mongolia

Eruca sativa 13 13 Egypt, Algeria

Glycine hispida 30

30

China, India,

Yugoslav, Czech,

Austria, Bulgaria,

Vietnam, Korea,

Russian federation

Helianthus annuus 11

3 8

Mongolia,

Yugoslav,

Hungary, USA

Hordeum vulgare 40 40 Mongolia

Lycopersicon esculentum 31 10 21 Mongolia, Japan

Panicum miliaceum 3 3 Mongolia

Petroselinum sativum 2 2 Mongolia

Pisum sativum 1 1 Mongolia

51

Solanum melongena 4 4 Mongolia

Sorghum vulgare 2 2 Mongolia

Spinacia oleracea 14 14 Mongolia, USA

Triticum aestivum 217 87 130 Mongolia, Canada

Vicia faba 21 21 Mongolia

Triticale 9 9 Mongolia

Zea mays 18 35

Mongolia, china

Russia

total 629 299 347

Annex 5. The status of ex-situ field collection of perennial PGRFA at PSARTI

№ Genus and species № Name of variety Plant

number

Area

ha

Fruits and berries

1

Hippophae

rhamnoides L

1 Bayangol 10

2 Oranjevaya 10

3 Obilnaya 10

4 Solnechnaya 10

5 Chuiskaya 60

6 Zorya Dovat 5

7 Slova 5

8 Summer indian 5

2

Ribes nigrum.L 9 Primorskuii champion 5

10 Darkhan 5

11 Shaamar 5

12 Zagadka 5

13 Gorkhon 5

14 Veliur 60

15 Kharaa 5

16 Genolistnaya 5

3 Ribes rubrum 17 Taejniie Rubinii 5

4 Ribes diacantha Pall 18 Tekhiin sheeg 5

5

Cerasus vulgaris

Mill

19 Beccaya 5

20 Buzoveskay 2

21 Biologichnaya 5

22 Carmine Jewel 2

23 Seedlings 2

6

Lonicera caerula.L 24 Berry Blue 24

25 Cinderella 24

52

26 Zolushka 5

27 Golubay beretino 5

28 Gerda 5

29 Dalinnoplodnaya 2

30 Minusipickoe sladkoy 5

Lonicera tatarica L. 31 Tataar Dalan khalis 5

Pyrus communis 32 Dyumovich 2

33 Santa marija 2

Rubus idaeus L

34 Rubusa arcticum 60

35 Beclukha 60

36 Ilyuziya 10

37 Gusar 2

38 Rubinovoe ojerelie ожерелье 5

39 Stead fast 2

40 Red momoth 2

41 Honey queen 2

42 Red river 2

Malus.L

43 18-10-32 1

44 Krasa buryati 2

45 Dolgo 2

46 Ermolaeva-23 2

47 Beloe letnei 2

48 Greni Smit 2

Malus baccata 49 Stesterlegiin urel 10

Prunus L

50 Baulinsk 3

51 Nahodkaya Buryatii 3

52 Oyunaa 3

53 Buzovskaya 3

Prunus persica 54 Redheven 2

Prunus davidiana.

Franch

55 Prunus davidiana. Franch 18

Amelanchier

alnifolia

56 Martin 2

57 Honey wood 2

58 Smokey 2

59 Theissin 2

Shepherdia argentea 60 Shepherdia argentea 5

Crataegus sanguinea

Pall

61 Doloogono 5

Fragaria orientalis

Losinsk

62 Dornodiin guzeelzgene 50

53

Grossularia

acicularis

63 Urgest toshloi 2

Padus asiatica 64 Aziin monos 5

wild perennial useful plants for food, medicine

Rheum.Compactum.L 65 Gishuun 10

Elaeagnus

Moorcroftii

66 Microfiin jigd 10

Elaeagnus argentea

Pursh

67 Mungelug jigd 100

Rhodiala rosea L. 68 Altan gagnuur 10

Achillea asiatica

Serg.

69 Aziin tulegch ubes 20

Allium obliquum L 70 Sarmislag songino 20

Allium altaicum 71 Altain songino

Aconitum barbatum

Pers.

72 Shar khors 5

Paeonia anomala L 73 Yagaan steene 50

Paeonia Lactiflora

Pall.

74 Stagaan steene 10

Amygdalus

Mongolica L.

75 Mongol Builees 5

Amygdalus triloba 76 Amygdalus triloba 10

Armeniaca sibirica L 77 Sebir guils 5

Amygdali dulcis

semen.

78 Amygdali dulcis semen. 10

Sambucus

manshurica Kitag.

79 Manj gandigar 5

Asparagus dahuricus 81 Daguur khereen nud 20

Rhododendron

dahuricum L.

82 Daguur terelj 2

Ornamental perennials

Rosa acicularis Lindl 80 Urgest sarnai 50

Lilium martagon L. 83 Saraana 5

Sorbaria sorbifolia

L.

84 Teskhei tesmeg 50

Caragana spinosa

/L./ DC.

85 Urgest khargana 5

Caragana

korshinskii Kom

86 Shar khuis 50

Halimodendron 87 Khonkhot khargana 3

54

halodendron /Pall/

Acer negundo L 88 Yashil navchit agch 10

Spiraea salicifolia L. 89 Tavilgana 10

Tamarix hispida

Willd.

90 Arzgar sukhai 10

Syringa josikaea

Jacq.F.

91 Majaar golt bor 10

Platycladus

orientalis /Linn/

92 Platycladus orientalis /Linn/ 20

Forsythia suspensa

(Thunb) vahl

93 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb) vahl 5

Ulmus pumila L. 94 Tarvagan khailaas 5

Pinus sibirica L. 95 Odoi nars 2

Populus diversifolia

schrenk

96 Ulias 100

Total 96 1214 1 га

Annex 6. Medicinal plants maintained at experimental station “ Khuduu aral” of MSUA

55

. Allium altaicum Pall 24. Lagochillus illicifolius

2. Allium odorum L., 25. Limonium flexuosum

3. Allium senescens L., 26. Limonium aureum

4. Allium pollyrrhizum 27. Lilium dahuricum

5. Allium macrostemon 28. Lilium pumilum Delile.,

6. Allium mongolicum 29. Linum baicalensis

7. Allium condesatum 30. Nitraria roborowskii

8. Asparagus dahuricus 31. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,

9. Aconitum kusnezoffii 32. Phlomis tuberosa L.,

10. Acorus calamus L 33. Polygonatum odoratum

11. Angelica dahurica 34. Rheum undulatum L.

12. Arenarinara formosa 35. Ranunculus chinensis

13. Caryopteris mongolica 36. Scorzonera capita

14. Clematis fruticosa 37. Saussurea salicifolia

15. Dichtanmus dasycarpus 38. Synurus deltoides

16. Echinops gmelinii 39. Sedum purpureum

17. Ephedra equisetina 40. Sedum aizoon

18. Ephedra sinica 41. Scutellaria baicalensis

19. Glicyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 42. Saposhnikovia davaricata

20. Hemerocallis lilio asphodelus L 43. Thermopsis przewalskii

21. Iris bungeana 44. Thermopsis lancelota

22. Iris dichotoma 45 Veratrum nigrum

23. Iris tenuifolia 46. Valeriana alternifolia

Annex. 7. Herbarium specimens at Institute of Botany

No. Types

Sheets

1. Seed plants 80.000

2. Lichens 17.500

3. Mosses 12.000

4. Algae 3500

5. Fungus. 2500

Total 115 500