Joyce MulilaMittiPlant Production and Protection Officer

FAO, SFS

Technical Planning Meeting of the CTA Regional WorkshopJohannesburg, South Africa

FAO support for CSA programming; experiences and innovations from Southern Africa

Presentation Content

Key climate challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and FAO actions

FAO programming in Africa-CSA CSA in Southern Africa The CASU Farmer Input Voucher

Management system (FIVMS)

Key climate challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa Temperature rising: By 2050, average temperatures in Africa are predicted to increase by

1.5 to 3°C (IPCC 2007). Ecosystems modification: By the 2080s, the proportion of arid and semi-arid lands in

Africa is likely to increase by 5-8%. Rainfall decline: Annual rainfall is likely to decrease. In the tropical rain-forest zone,

declines in mean annual precipitation of around 4% in West Africa, 3% in North Congo and 2% in South Congo for the period 1960 to 1998.

Droughts occurrence: Droughts have become more common, especially in the tropics and subtropics, since the 1970s.

Water shortage: By 2020, a population of between 75 and 250 million and 350-600 million by 2050, are projected to be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change.

Agriculture: By 2020, in some countries, yields from rain-fed agriculture could be reduced by

up to 50%. Agricultural production, including access to food, in many African countries is

projected to be severely compromised, further adversely affecting food security and exacerbating malnutrition.

New pests and disease risks: increase in incidences and severity

Sustainability increases farm productivity and

income

Strengthening resilience to climate change and

variability

Reduce agriculture’s contribution to climate change

-greenhouse gas emissions+carbon storage on farmlands

Enhances the achievement of national food security and development goals

Rio+20United Nations Conference on

Sustainable Development

UNCCD World Food Summit

MDGs

Convention onBiological Diversity

United NationsFramework Convention

on Climate Change

CSA-a triple win approach

Source: FAO, 2010

SO5

Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises

SO1

Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition

SO2

Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner

SO4

Enable more inclusive and efficient food and agricultural systems at local, national and international levels

SO3

Reduce rural poverty

Global GoalReduction of hunger and malnutrition

Sustainable management of natural resources

Elimination of poverty through economics and social progress

Climate Smart Agriculture

Strategic objectives

CSA-a cross cutting issue in FAO strategic planning

FAO-Actions

• Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture• Knowledge-emissions, mitigation potentials• Pilots of mitigation paymentswww.fao.org/climatechange/micca

• an organization-wide framework program, • provides general guidance and introduces principles as well as

priority themes, • actions and implementation support to FAO’s activities for climate

change adaptationwww.fao.org/climatechange/fao-adapt

• The UN-REDD Programme is a collaborative partnership between FAO, UNDP and the UNEP

• Supports countries to develop their capacity to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) and implement a future REDD+ mechanism

www.fao.org/climatechange/unredd

FAO-Actions cont…

FAO EX-ACT (EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool)

FAO Framework Programme: Disaster Risk

reduction

• It seeks to strengthen national and international actions on forests and climate change adaptation and mitigation.

• raises awareness, strengthens technical capacities, creates enabling policy environments for action and encourages cross- sectoral and landscape approaches

www.fao.org/forestry/climatechange

• It is a tool developed by FAO to provide ex-ante estimations of the impact of agriculture and forestry development projects on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration

www.fao.org/tc/exact

• It builds on existing DRR initiatives, good practices and technical capacities.

• It proposes longer-term time frames and encourages a programmatic and people centered approach to address DRR for food and nutrition security.

FAO-Actions cont…

FAO’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Climate Change Programme

Economics & Policy Innovations for CSA

(EPIC)

• develop and support global, regional and local climate change action partnerships

• building the knowledge base• Identification and promotion of mitigation and adaptation

strategies• capacity building

• technical and policy assistance to countries to establish climate-smart agricultural systems

• Work with national policy and research partners

• Crop Production System• Livestock Production efficiency and Resilience• Fisheries and Aquaculture• Integrated System:

– Urban and peri-urban agriculture

– Diversified and Integrated Food-Energy Systems

CSA on Farming System and Practices-FAO

FAO programming in AfricaFAO and Climate Change

First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

FAO programming in Africa- CSACountry Support Mainstreaming: Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies

– Overall NAP support programme led by HQ on assisting member  countries ensuring adequate agriculture issues are integrated in national adaptation planning process (NAPAs).

– Support for NAMAs development in line with national sustainable development priorities (as dairy NAMA development in Kenya)

Impact assessment: Assessing the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security

Capacity Building: Enhancing national and local capacities in agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries for disaster risk reduction, climate risk management and climate change adaptation regular support to the UNFCCC LDC expert group for training and exchange of

information during regular workshops for francophone and Anglophone countries.

First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

FAO programming in Africa- CSA

Knowledge Management and sharing• Communication and awareness raising:

• Under the Regional Initiative planned support on CSA and policy dialogue on CSA approach.

• Sharing with global and regional forums:– Global Forum for Climate Smart Agriculture: Global forum to

stimulate accelerated scaling up of CSA and thereby facilitating food security and agriculture initiatives

– Africa Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance: Unique and innovative partnership led by the NEPAD Agency and five International NGOs (CRS, Concern, CARE, WV, Oxfam) with technical support by FAO, FARA, CCAFS and FANRPAN

First workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

FAO programming in Africa- CSATechnology Transfer• More sustainable cropping, livestock, forestry and fisheries management systems linking

the need for increased agricultural production with environmental concerns as well as climate change adaptation and mitigation.– Conservation Agriculture (CA)

– Promotion of sustainable rangeland and forage management

– Irrigation modernization

– Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture

– Voluntary Guidelines on Land Tenure and inlands wetlands

– NEPAD ‐FAO and Smartfish program to boost sustainable fisheries development in Africa & improve standard of living of fishers

– Strengthening capacity for Climate Change Adaptation in Land and Water management (Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, West Africa)

– Forests, Rangelands and Climate Change Adaptation in Southern AfricaFirst workshop of the TNCC, Budapest, 29-30 October 2015

CSA in Southern Africa- Some Global, Regional and National Projects

EPIC Project: Climate Smart Agriculture: Capturing Synergies Mitigation, Adaptation, Food Security

Countries: Malawi, Vietnam and Zambia

Focus: Holistic and context-specific approaches to food security, adaptation, mitigation to understand synergies/trade-offs and barriers to adoption of CSA practices.

Provide support for policy, institutional, strategic and investment frameworks to promote sustainable agricultural development and food security under climate change.

The Conservation Agriculture Working Group for SA Established in 2007 to coordinate technical

support for CA scaling up in Africa Responsible for support of establishment of CA

Task Forces in countries in Southern Africa Membership includes CGIARs, NGOs, Private

sector as key stakeholders Evolved to encompass CSA in the broad sense Establishment of the same concept in East Africa Provides support for Resource Mobilisation to

national Task Forces.

CSA in Southern Africa- Some Projects………COMESA-EAC-SADC Programme on Climate change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Eastern and Southern Africa

• FAO collaboration includes: • the formulation of specific investment programmes on CSA in the framework of CAADP NAIPs. • the establishment and expansion of CA coordination and promotion platforms.• the in-situ assessment of CA models at country level and scaling up of best practices. • a regional synthesis of the status of CA and sharing among partners. • the development of suitable dissemination materials to enhance adaption of climate resilient

practices on a larger scale. • the integration of HIV, gender and nutrition in project activities.• the development of a common robust Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system.

• A five year programme on climate change adaptation and mitigation in COMESA-EAC-SADC Region.

• Aims to address the impact of climate change

CSA in Southern Africa- Some Projects………Conservation Agriculture Scaling Up (CASU) in Zambia

• 4 year project (2013-2017)

• Aims to address problem of low crop production and productivity which are exacerbated by degradation of soils, high input prices, poor markets and poor farming practices.

• CASU follows 3 consecutive support interventions of farmer Input Support response Initiative (FISRI) projects funded by EU, implemented by FAO in partnership with MAL

• expanding the adoption of CA and building capacity of MAL staff in CA implementation.

• Expected results of the projects:• CA expanded and consolidated

• CA skills improved (farmers and extension staff)

• CA farmer input and output supply chain improved

• Land management improved and gender issues mainstreamed.

The CASU Farmer Input Voucher Management system (FIVMS)

The CASU FIVMS is an efficient and cost-effective mechanism for Lead Farmers to access various agricultural inputs of their choice to train Fellow Follower Farmers and do advocacy work under the project.

 It provides a sustainable solution to farmers to access high quality agricultural inputs.

Elements of FIVMS Electronic Vouchers: enable appropriate and effective targeting for specific

inputs to targeted beneficiaries at given times

Safe and secure Smart Cards: with highly secured farmer records and identification for due diligence in beneficiary identification

Portable Point of Sale (POS): devices operating a customised catalogue of agricultural inputs meeting specified technical standards

A secure online integrated database of beneficiaries and vouchers, allowing real time monitoring of suppliers and Agro-dealers

FIVMS cont….

Process of voucher redemption

Requirement: Agro-dealers need to hook the POS to functional WIFI, 3G or LAN Internet in order to perform the redeeming function described above.

FIVMS cont….

Step 1: Physical Identification• Beneficiary farmer presents CASU input redeeming card together with ID to a CASU registered Agro-dealer who

proceeds to use on the POS after matching card and ID

Step 2: Electronic Verification• Agro-dealer taps input-redeeming card on the POS with farmer entering ID number and PIN number to confirm

credentials; once matched farmer is presented with the agricultural input catalogue.

Step 3: Input selection • Farmer selects inputs of choice (cereal, legumes, equipment, chemicals etc) specifying quantity and type.• Selection is submitted in system by agro-dealer to confirm with allocated inputs. Redemption is verified.

Step 4: Confirmation of redemption• Once farmer completes redemption, the system confirms and prints a receipt in duplicate for farmer and agro-

dealer

FIVMS strengthens the following aspects of voucher program

Due diligence in identification of beneficiaries targeted for input support.

Centralized and harmonized record keeping of beneficiary transactions.

Accountability, transparency and segregation of responsibilities among the

various stakeholders by clear access controls and accountability framework.

Adherence to technical standards and specifications of the agricultural inputs.

Ensuring price efficiency and stabilisation, and availability of agricultural inputs

commensurate with effective demand and input quality.

FIVMS cont….

Key advantages

Agricultural input marketing oriented

Cost effectiveness

Increased reliability and efficiency

Enhanced security

Simplicity: easy to use graphics

Real time monitoring and tracking

FIVMS cont….

THANK YOU