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Introduction Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET), which is basically ad h

network between UAs(Un!anned Air ehicle)" FANET#iewed as a s$ecial %or! o% &ANET and ANET"

'ierences between FANET and the eisting ad hoc net &obility degree o% FANET nodes is !uch higher" The to$ology changes !ore %re*uently than the netwo

to$ology o% a ty$ical &ANET or e#en ANET" Ty$ical distances between FANET nodes are !uch long &ulti-UA syste!s !ay include dierent ty$es o% sens

each sensor !ay re*uire dierent data deli#ery strate

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+hallenges

'ue to the high !obility o% the nodes, !aintainico!!unication link between the UAs is a challetask"

 The to$ology o% these networks is !ore dyna!ic

&ANET

 The eisting routing $rotocols designed %or &AN$artly %ail in tracking network to$ology changes

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ey ro$osed Algorith!

ro$osed .outing rotocol/redicti#e-o$ti!i0ed link-state routing (-123.)" 1etension that we designed %or FANETs4 it takesad#antage o% the 53 in%or!ation a#ailable on bo

 The key idea o% this etension is to use 53 in%or!a#ailable on board and to weigh the e$ectedtrans!ission count (ET6) !etric by a %actor that tinto account the direction and the relati#e s$eedbetween the UAs"

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A$$lications o% FANET

7ild8re !onitoring 9order sur#eillance etending ad hoc networks on the ground

&ANET- rotocols currently a#ailable %or network to$ology 123. 9A9E2

In a FANET, the to$ology o% the network can change !ore %re*than in a ty$ical &ANET or #ehicle ad hoc network (ANET)"

 The o$ti!i0ed link-state routing (123.) $rotocol and 9A9E2 %a%ollow the e#olution o% the network to$ology"

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.outing %or :ying adhoc networ

'irect-link 3atellite +ellular Ad hoc (also called !esh networking)"

In the ad hoc architecture, e#ery node can act router" These networks are also know as FANETs" Tha#e no central in%rastructure, there%ore, they arerobust against isolated attacks or node %ailures"

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2ink ;uality Esti!ation - 123.

 The 123. link-*uality etension enables us to take account the *uality o% the wireless links"

. is a route between two nodes o% the network anho$ o% the route ." =(

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ET6 esti!ation

ET6 esti!ates the e$ected nu!ber o% trans!is(including re-trans!issions) necessary to deli#er$acket %ro! the source to its 8nal destination"

 I% all the ho$s %or!ing . are errorless =((<

the ET6(.) is e*ual to the nu!ber o% ho$s o% ."

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ET6 esti!ation The 123. link-*uality etension uses the control !essages na!

!essages as a link $robe" = is co!$uted by !eans o% an e$on!o#ing a#erage

is an 123. $ara!eter, na!ed link-*uality aging that dri#es to between the accuracy and res$onsi#eness o% the recei#ing esti!ation"

a greater yielding a !ore stable and reliable esti!ation" with a lower the syste! will react %aster"

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3$eed 7eighted ET6

ET6 !etric to take into account the $osition and the do% the

  UA, with res$ect to its neighbors" The ET6(

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I!$le!entation 'etails

1$en-source i!$le!entation o% 123. called 123used" In the !odi8ed #ersion, the Hello !essageaug!ented to contain $osition in%or!ation" Thusnode knows its neighborsD $ositions and can co!the corres$onding ET6"

2ink-*uality in%or!ation in 123. To$ology +ontro!essages that are to be distributed to the wholenetwork"

 To i!$le!ent -123., we ha#e to share the

coordinates(i"e" longitude, latitude, and altitude)

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U$dated Hello and To$ology con!essage

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UA Test 9ed

Fied-wing UAs are used by e$loiting the li%t %orce generat%orward s$eed o% the #ehicle in the air It has an integrated auto$ilot ca$able o% :ying with winds u$ The data $roduced by the UA is instead carried by the G" 5u!sti 1#ero Tide,an A.&-based co!$uter-on-!odule is !

it"

U39 " hub with %our $owered $orts and a serial $ort connethe auto$ilot" Using this serial $ort, the 5u!sti can %etch the current 53

well as other :ight $ara!eters" The co!$uter is also connecU39 to a H' ca!era and to a7i-Fi radio inter%ace"

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E$eri!ents -I

2ink er%or!ance Assess!ent E$eri!ent setu$/ -node network co!$osed o% a node on the ground and a :ying UA J !eters a$art K !eters turning radius height-abo#e-ground was LJ !eters

i$er%, used to took one !easure!ent o% the link *uality $er s E#ery second, the UA sent GJ U' datagra!s (totaling @ &bit) to th

the ground" All the datagra!s recei#ed with a delay greater than J seconds is co E#ery second, co!$ute the datagra! loss rate ('2.), which is the ra

the datagra! lost and their total nu!ber

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.esult

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+onclusion on E$eri!ent - I

 The connection is good when the distance is shothan J !eters"

'2. is always lower than ""

'istance MJ !eters K !etersO - '2. -@

'istance OK !eters -'2. - close to @"

 The a#erage '2. is "J at KJ !eters"

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E$eri!ent- II

.outing er%or!ance Assess!ent +o!$ared the routing $er%or!ance o% 123. with linketension and -123.

Network o% three nodes/ one 8ed destination onground (node @), one :ying UA source (Node )

one :ying UA relay (Node K)" Node %ollow a straight traBectory o% P !eters Node K, %ollow a circular traBectory o% radius K !eter

centered at J !eters west %ro! Node @" er%or!ed @ loo$s %or each routing algorith!s

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.esult E$eri!ent II

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+onclusion on E$eri!ent-II

123. It takes se#eral seconds to detect that a wireless direbroken" This translates into an interru$tion o% the ser

-123. .eacts $ro!$tly to to$ology changes"

It is able to $redict a change in the to$ology and reacthe $re#ious link breaks

&A+ 2AQE. E&U2ATI1N3 7ITH

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&A+-2AQE. E&U2ATI1N3 7ITH2A.5E.NET71.3

E!ulation lat%or!

2inu container (26+) %or each node o% the network" The nodes are connected using a &A+-layer real-ti!e

e!ulator called Etendable &obile Ad-Hoc Network E

(E&ANE)" IEEE G"@@ T5n !odel ' E&ANE i!$orts the $ositions o% the UAs %ro! log 8le

obtained %ro! real-:ight data logs" Add an error to take into account i!$er%ect 53 rece

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E!ulation 3etu$

9eha#ior o% -123. in larger networks and we anthe role o% #arious $ara!eters, na!ely the Hellointer#al (HI), the link-*uality aging (), and the s$eci%ic $ara!eters (C and R )"

 The network consisted o% @S !o#ing UAs" 1ne (Node ) scanned a rectangular area o% @ s*u!eters

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E!ulation 3etu$

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E$eri!ent +onducted

+o!binations

e*ual " and C ? " and we #ary the s$eed agin$ara!eter R

R? "G and we #ary the #alue o% C"

HI and the link *uality aging " HI ? @ second, ? /@, and the s$eci%ic--123. $ara

? /G, C ? /"

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+onclusion

-123. increases the a#erage good $ut co!$ared to 123. The ga$ is greater when the Hello !essage rate is lower (

seconds) because 132. is slower to reacts to to$ology chan -123. is able to track the e#olution o% the network to$olo

the Hello !essage rate is lower" 7hen the Hello !essage rate is low, the link-*uality esti!

slow in tracking the channel :uctuations, there%ore it is coto gi#e !ore weight to the s$eed ter! than to the link-*ua

P-OLSR outperforms OLSR in every conguration

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.e%erence

@" 3te%ano .osati (@J), 'yna!ic .outing %or Flying Ad Hoc Networks, @J

@" Ilker 9ek!e0ci, 10gur oray 3ahingo0, 3a!il Te!el (@J) Flying Ad-Hoc N

(FANETs)/ A sur#ey, Ad Hoc Networks (In ress)

K" 3a!il TE&E2, lker 9E&E+ (@K) 1n the $er%or!ance o% Flying Ad Hoc(FANETs) Utili0ing Near 3$ace High Altitude lat%or!s (HAs), IEEE, $$" P

" Ilker 9ek!e0ci, &urat Er!is, 3e0gin a$lan (@), +onnected &ulti UA T%or Flying Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE International 9lock sea +on%erence on

+o!!unication and Networking, $$"G-K"J" ishal 3har!a and .aBesh u!ar, (@J)An 1$$ortunistic +ross 2ayer 'es

EVcient 3er#ice 'isse!ination o#er Flying Ad Hoc Networks(FANETs), IEEE3econd International +on%erence 1n Electronics And +o!!unication 3ysteW@J)

P" &ichael &uller (@) Flying Ad-Hoc Networks