FAMOUS SCIENTISTSNain Singh

Grade level6-8

Estimated Time Period

• Number of days: 3• Number of half-hour

3

Description of Lesson

• To study the life and work of a famous scientist

Objectives

The student will:

1. Research the life & work of a famous scientist

2. Identify & name three contributions to man.

Skills

1. Analyze, interpret, & draw conclusions

2. Reading, organizing, sorting info.

3. Develop interpersonal skills

4. Develop computer skillsInternet research

Word keyboard skills

Print & Non-Print Materials

• Arrange with the media coordinator for all matrials

• Collect images of the scientist from the internet ( see attachment).

Pre-Lesson Expectations

• Some knowledge of computer skills

Prior to Activities

• Provide about a dozen names of some famous scientists.

• Make arrangements for use of the computer lab.

• Pull resources and place same on mobile carts

Activities

Day 1:

1. Teacher will introduce the topic of a famous scientist to include the following in report:

2. Early life- date & place of birth, family, educ.

3. Adult life-Occupation, highlights, accomplish

4. Personal characteristics- Physical, personality, people or events

5. Cover page –decorated with accomplishment

Activities contd.

• Typing-2x spacing or neatly handwritten

• Rough draft – before the final copy

• Model- something of person’s work/image

• Bibliography- at least 3 resources

• Essay of 300 words

Day 2

• Do Internet research in computer room

• Take notes

• Make an outline

Day 3

• Make rough draft

• Read some more & continue writing report

Day 4

• Correct research paper

• Make cover sheet

• Finish

Assessment

Rubric to include:

• Historically accurate 35 points

• Neatly done 20 points

• Neatly decorated 20 points

• Labeling- diagrams 20 points

• Bibliography 5 points

Direction

• Report to be neatly typed or handwritten

• To include at least 3 resources

Related Internet Sites

• www.eyewitnesstohistory.com

• www.biography.com

• http://www.indianchild.com/inventions.htm

• http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Science/Inventors/

Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel

• Year Of Birth

• Year Of Death

Country of Birth

Czechoslovakia

Background Information

• Entered the monastery at age 21 & became an Augustinian monk at age 25

• Taught natural science to high school students

• Theories of heredity were based on his work with pea plants

• That traits are inherited

Mendel’s Work

• That traits are inherited in certain ratios

• That inherited traits are carried as discrete units called “Genes”

• Genotype – total makeup of an organism

• Observed “Dominant & Recessive” traits in pea plants

Mendel’s Work

• Published a paper called “Experiments with Plant Hybrids”

• First reported his work at the Brunn Natural History society

• No one seemed to understand what Mendel was talking about

• In 1900, Mendel’s work was rediscovered by 3 scientists working independently.

Quality of Mendel’s Work

• Showed brilliant analysis of the questions he sought to answer

• Design of his experiments & the clarity of his results were outstanding

Mendel’s Law of Heredity

• Heredity factors do not combine, but are passed intact to the offspring

• Each parent transmits only half of its hereditary factors to each offspring

• Certain factors are “dominant” over others• Different offspring receive different sets of

hereditary factors, “Law of Segregation”• “Law of Independent Assortments”

• In cross-pollinating plants that either produce yellow or green peas exclusively, Mendel found that the first offspring generation (f1) always has yellow peas.   However, the following generation (f2) consistently has a 3:1 ratio of yellow to green

• In cross-pollinating plants that either produce yellow or green peas exclusively, Mendel found that the first offspring generation (f1) always has yellow peas.   However, the following generation (f2) consistently has a 3:1 ratio of yellow to green

Mendel’s Work

• Became the foundation of Modern Genetics.• Many diseases are known to be inherited• Pedigrees are traced to determine desired

characteristics

• Plants are also selected or designed to exhibit desired characteristics in experiments

Mendel’s Work

Has changed the way we perceive the world and the way we live.

Conclusions of Expts. Results

• 1.  Inheritance of a trait is determined by "units" (genes) that are passed on to offspring .

• 2. An individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait

• 3. A trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation.

For making an impact

Mendel’s established important principles

1.  the principle of segregation

2.the principle of independent assortment

Segregation of alleles

1. Gregor Mendel was:

a) an English scientist who carried out research with Charles Darwin

b) a little known Central European monk

c) an early 20th century Dutch biologist who carried out genetics research

2. Which of the following statements is true about Mendel?

a) His discoveries concerning genetic inheritance were generally accepted by the scientific community when he published them during the mid 19th century.

b) He believed that genetic traits of parents will usually blend in their children.

c) His ideas about genetics apply equally to plants and animals.

3. Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by the:

a) inheritance of units or factors from both parents

b) inheritance of units or factors from one parent

c) relative health of the parent plants at the time of pollination

4. An allele is:

a) another word for a gene

b) a homozygous genotype

c) a heterozygous genotype

d) one of several possible forms of a gene

• 5. Phenotype refers to the ______________________ of an individual.

a) genetic makeup

b) actual physical appearance

c) recessive alleles

• 6. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like _________________ allele.

a) the dominant

b) the recessive

c) neither

7. Assuming that both parent plants in the diagram below are homozygous, why would all of the f1 generation have yellow phenotypes?     

 

• 8. The idea that different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently is Mendel's principle of:

a) unit inheritance

b) segregation

c) independent assortment

9. The idea that for any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of:

a) independent assortment b) hybridization c) segregation

10. Probability of Inheritance

Punnett Square