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Fall and Winter Vegetable Gardening In the Central Highlands

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Page 1: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Fall and Winter Vegetable Gardening

In the Central Highlands

Page 2: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Our Outline for Today

• Introduction• Why Plant in the “Off‐Season”• Vegetables that Like it Cold• When to Plant • Location, Location, Location!• Tips for Extending the Growing Seasons• Fresh Vegetables All Winter – a little secret• A Look Toward Spring

Page 3: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Why Plant in the “Off‐Season”

• Year round garden fresh veggies• Different selection of veggies• Extend edible production of seasonal crops• Improve the soil for the next season• Avoid season binge gardening

Page 4: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

BINGE GARDENING• Bad Habit• Leads to an Unproductive Garden• Black Thumb Syndrome• Wastes Time, Money, Energy

ALTERNATIVEDevelop a Routine:• Garden Work Pattern• Planned Daily/Weekly Activities

*Note Routine may vary by season

Page 5: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Vegetables that Like it Cold

1) Roots– Beets– Carrots– Potatoes

2) Greens– Kale– Spinach– Mustard– Leaf Lettuce

3. Brassicas– Broccoli– Turnip– Cauliflower– Radish– Cabbage– Brussel Sprouts

Page 6: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

An Alternative to VegetablesPlant a cool season cover crop (green manure)What:

– Hairy Vetch (a legume)– Cereal Rye

When:– October / Early November

Where:– Any / all garden beds

How:– Inoculate vetch seeds with appropriate inoculant– Allow to grow and mature (be sure to water)– Mow and turn into soil 3‐4 weeks before spring planting

Page 7: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

When to Plant 

Prime Considerations: Is the plant FROST SENSITIVE or FROST TOLERANT How many days does it take for plant to MATURE Considering those two items, what is the POSSIBILITY OF 32.5⁰ at or before maturity

Minor Considerations: How tall will my plant be Can I use an extender to get my plant to maturity

Page 8: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Frost Susceptible VegetablesQuick Maturing  (30‐60 days)

Bush Beans, 1.5’ Summer Squash, 3’

Moderate Maturing  (60‐80 days)Corn, 6’ Lima Bush Beans, 1.5’Okra, 6’ Peppers, 3’Cherry Tomatoes, 4’ Cucumbers, 1’

Slow Maturing (80 days +)Cantaloupes, 1’ Eggplant , 3’Irish Potatoes, 2’ Pumpkins, 2’Sweet Potatoes, 2’ Tomatoes, 4’Watermelon, 1’ Winter Squash, 1’

Page 9: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Frost Tolerant VegetablesQuick Maturing  (30‐60 days)

Beets, 1.5’ Leaf Lettuce, 1’Mustard, 1.5’ Radishes, 1.5’Spinach, 1’ Turnips and Turnip Greens, 1.5’

Moderate Maturing  (60‐80 days)Broccoli, 3’ Chinese Cabbage, 1.5’Carrots, 1’ Green onions, 1.5Kohlrabi, 1.5’ Parsley, 1.5’

Slow Maturing (80 days +)Brussels sprouts, 2’ Bulb onions, 1.5’Cabbage, 1.5’ Cauliflower, 3’Garlic, 1’

Page 10: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Temperature is a Factor

Aug                      Sept                    Oct                   Nov   

Avg Max          86                        82                     72                     60             

Avg Min          56                        48                     37                     27             

Average Fall Minimum and Maximum Prescott Temps by Month

Page 11: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Let’s Do Some CalculationsBush BeansFrost SensitiveQuick Maturing (30‐60 days)Thanksgiving? 11/27 – 64 daysOops!

Brussel Sprouts Frost TolerantSlow Maturing (80+ days)Thanksgiving?Christmas? 12/25 – 89 daysProbably

Page 12: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Location, Location, Location!• What’s currently planted in your garden space?• Start inside or outside?• Where does the Fall/Winter sun shine the most?• Full sun – 8 hours isn’t absolutely necessary • Midday sun – 10 a.m. to  3 p.m. is critical• Veggies that tolerate shade:• Greens• Broccoli• Cauliflower• Root crops (carrots, turnips, beets)• Rotation is critical!

Page 13: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

THE KEY IS ROTATION!

ROOT

FRUIT

GREEN

BEAN

Page 14: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Extending the Season

• Some plants like warm soil

• Some plants like warm air

• Some plants just like it really cool

• You have to know what your plants want!

• It’s ok to “take the temperature”!

Page 15: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Prepping the Soil

• Fall and Winter garden soils need to be enriched

• Best to use 2‐3 pounds of a slow release fertilizer per 100 square feet of garden area– Both chemical and organic varieties are available

• You want a higher potassium count (the K in NPK) because potassium helps to protect from winter cold

Page 16: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Tips for Extending the Growing Seasons

• Cold Frames• Hoop Houses• Walls of Water• Floating Row Cover – use to warm temp a few degrees.  In fall use well before first frost to extend season an extra few weeks

• Burlap• Plastic – Black or Clear• Hot caps• Water

Page 17: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Fresh Vegetables All Winter “a little secret”

GROW INDOORS!

Page 18: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Indoor Growing Systems

• Hydroponic – Plants cultivated in a nutrient solution rather than soil– Floating – plants suspended in water– NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) – shallow stream of nutrients continually flowing over root system

• Aeroponic – Growing plants in the air with the use of a nutrient solution misting system

• Aquaponic – The marriage of aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics

Page 19: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

www.aerogarden.com

Table Top Systems

Page 20: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

A Look Toward Spring

• Remember to plant long lead time vegies early• Green manures add extra layer of protection• Get your starts growing inside and harden off• Plant earlier than “Mother’s Day• Use season extenders for spring plants

Page 21: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection

Questions?

Thank You!

Page 22: Fall and Winter Gardening - University of Arizona Table Top Systems. A Look Toward Spring •Remember to plant long lead time vegies early •Green manures add extra layer of protection