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ewJerseyGo son Record TIME RU UT

Order Stymies CongressionalSanctions Effort------

Governor Kean of New Jersey has sign­ed into law one of the strongest piecesof divestment legislation in the country.The bill, mandating the divestment ofover $2 billion of public pension fundsaffects one of the greatest sums of thedivestment campaign.

The bill's sponsor, Willie Brown,deputy speaker of the Assembly, stav­ed off attempts to have a Sullivan Prin­ciples clause amended to the legislation.He has called this victory a first step andis now urging laws requiring public uni­versities to divest, and prohibiting state

agencies from buying productsor services from businesses withSouth African ties.

Republican Governor Keandeclared at the signing thatdivestment has become a moralimperative. "It is the SouthAfrican government's behaviorwe seek to change." he added."And until it changes, we simp­ly cannot invest in SouthAfrica."

Willie Brown, Sponsor of theNew Jersey IJi\'estment Bill,celebrates signing by gOl'ernorTom Kean (R).

I believe there are two South Africas,with two clocks ticking away. Oneclock has passed midnight. Theother is approaching it. Midnight haspassed for blacks, and in their SouthAfrica there is hopelessness andrage giving way to despair, and theseare the people who must be address­ed, and the president has yet to dothat.

Rev.· Peter Storey, head ofMethodist Church (S.A.)

Aug 19, 1985,after meeting with Botha

We prefer to resolve our problems bypeaceful means. ...Then we canuplift people...But I say it is going totake time. The revolutionaries-theyhave no respect for time becausethey have no self respect.

P. W Botha, Aug 15, 1985"reform" manifesto

Let us send a clear message that thetime for constructive engagementwith racism is over and that the timefor firm American action againstapartheid has come.Sen. Edward Kennedy, Aug 15, 1985

We can no longer stand by andwatch while a system predicated onracism attempts to subjugate an en­tire people. The time has come foraction to change - and to end, onceand for all-the oppressive system ofapartheid.Gov. Thomas Kean, Aug 20, 1985,referring to signing of New Jersey's

total divestment bill

President Reagan has issued an ex­ecutive order which calls for negligiblesanctions against South Africa. Theorder is taken for the most part from theslightly stronger congressional sanctionspackage, which was itself a watered­down compromise resulting from aHouse Senate conference. However, theexecutive order provides for even moreloopholes; and while it retains the bill'sobjectionable Sullivan Principles clause,it omits the clause threatening stronger

sanctions, such as no new investment inone year if apartheid is not beingdismantled.

The President's manuever has failedto still criticism of his 'new' policy ofstill 'active' constructive engagement, byanti-apartheid activists. The sponsors ofthe stalled legislation, Senator Kennedyand Congressman Gray, have indicatedthey intend to intensify their legislativeeffort.

INSIDE THIS ISSUEe Divestment Updatee Student Movemente Resourcese Cheers / Tears

Municiple and State DivestmentUpdate

Since April of 1985, the roster of citiesand states which have passed divestmentlegislation has grown considerably.Besides New Jersey (see story, p.1),"Iowa, Rhode Island and New Mexicohave joined the ranks, and Marylandhas added to its 1984 legislation. TheCalifornia legislature passed total divest­ment affecting $4 billion, but the gover­nor preempted this with an executiveorder. The bill's sponsors are hopefulthey can accomplish a veto override.

Burlington, Vt; New Orleans; Rich­mond, Va; San Francisco; San Jose;Stockton, Ca.; Boulder, Co., LosAngeles, and Rochester, N. Y. haveswelled the list of divested cities. Divest­ment actions remain pendingthroughout the country.

National Conference onMunicipal LegislationOn October 11 and 12, the AmericanCommittee on Africa and the U. N.Special Committee Against Apartheidwill co-sponsor a national conference onmunicipal legislative action againstSouth Africa. City council members andcommunity leaders from cities nation­

wide which have not yet taken anti­apartheid action will have the oppor­tunity to speak with investmentspecialists, anti-apartheid organizers andlegislators from divested cities. This yearthe U.S. Conference of Mayors, theConference of Black Mayors and theWgrld Conference of Mayors have pass­ed resolutions calling for all cities tosever ties with businesses operating InSouth Africa.

CBS Poll Reveals Need to EducateAn August poll conducted by CBS in­dicated that 3% of those polled approv­ed of apartheid, 390/0 disapproved, and580/0 had NO OPINION. In the midstof unprecedented news coverage, morethan half of those asked lacked suffi­cient information or were too confusedby the mixed messages they receive toform the most basic opinion about apar­theid. It is imperative that we engage inmore community outreach and that pro­fessional organizations develop morepopular resources.

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Cheers &TearsCheers to:

Bill Co by-for refusing NBC's de­mand that he remove an anti- apartheidposter from the set of his TV show, andfor telephoning the son of Alan Boesakafter his father was detained.

Woody All n for putting a clause intoa three film contract which forbids theirdistribution in South Africa.

teve Van Zandt for writing, produc­ing and financing 'Sun City,' a recordin support of the cultural boycott whichwill be released in October. Proceedswill be donated to the African Fund fordistribution to families of politicalprisoners and exiles.

Bruce Spring teen, JacksonBrowne, iles Davi , Gil Scott­Heron and thirty other musicians whocame together as Artists United AgainstApartheid to record 'Sun City.'

Phibro-Salomon and Apple Com­puters for withdrawing from SouthAfrica.

Chase Manhatten Bank for ceasingloans to the private sector in SouthAfrica.

Colorado state treasurer, Roy Romer.who on his own divested $100 millionof the state operating budget's short­term investments.

Tears to

General Motors and IBM for recentpublic statements reaffirming their com­mitment to remain in South Africa.

Jerry Falwell for his personal attackson Bishop Tutu.

Ron Id Reagan for his attempt tosave 'constructive engagement' bymodifying it ever so slightly and relabell­ing it 'active constructive engagement.'

The Botha regime for its emptyrhetoric of reform and its escalating ac­tions of repression and to all in the U.S.who help Botha sustain the illusion ofprogress amidst mayhem.

The culprits who broke into theDenver offices of Namibia Concernsand stole their computer and the back­up disc for their mailing list.

Cleveland Honorary Consul ResignsUnder PressureIn August, Steve Klonowski, SouthAfrican honorary consul, resigned aftermonths of weekly protests demanding

the Cleveland lawyer sever all ties withSouth Africa. The Friday afternoonprotests, begun in March, werehighlighted by the arrest, trial and aquit­tal of Mylion Waite, director of theCleveland Free S.A. Coalition, oncharges of trespassing.

After Waite's highly publicized trial,City Council President George Forbesadded political pressure to the group'sdemands until Klonowski was forced toresign.

Poll Shows South African BlacksFavors Economic Sanctions

A poll of 400 urban blacks conductedby the South African Gallup affiliate inAugu t indicates that 77 % supportforeign economic sanctions to help endapartheid, even though 48 % believe they\vould personally suffer. Beyers Naudecited the findings when European Com­mon Market official visited, but thepoll has failed to get nearly the coverageby U.S. media as the di credited Schlenl­mer report received.

South African Economy In Tailspin

The dramatic fall of the rand, the shut­down of South Africa's stock exchangefor a week, the freeze on repayment offoreign debts, are proof that economicsanctions do work. The mere threat ofweak sanctions and the announcementby a few U.S. banks that short termloans would not be renewed, coupledwith intensifying internal pressures onthe system, have brought the oncerobust economy based on exploitiveapartheid to its knees.

Capital flight from South Africa isunderway. Since January, 1985, sixteenU.S. firms have shut down or sold outand five more have announced plans topull out. Meaningful sanctions and ad­ditional divestment successes are boundto hasten that flight. The myth of SouthAfrican self-sufficiency has beenshattered.

T aVEAlbany Students Jailed for SUNYRegents Protest

On September 12, three SUNY studentsbegan serving 15 day terms for their par­ticipation in an April protest at aRegents meeting. The judge offered tosuspend sentence in exchange for pro­mises that they not engage in similar ac­tivities for a year. When they refused towaive their first amendment rights tofreedom of expression and assembly, thestudents were jailed. The studentorganization reports that when one stu­dent asked police permission to be in­terviewed by AP, she was told the inter­view would result in her not earning ear­1y release for 'good time.'

Intimidation has not been limited tothis incident. On Sept 11, another stu­dent was arrested for writing anti­apartheid messages in front of a SUNYoffice in chalk.

Nightly candlelight vigils were beingheld for the jailed student leaders anda large gathering was held on the nightof their release. The result of actions bystudents is that, on Sept 24th, the SUNYtrustees voted to divest totally.

S!udenf.\ blockade .--1 d,n;nistratio/1 /Juildi/1~

at ('o/illnbia L!ni\'ersifl' i/1 I\'e~' Forie /'ho!oby .\'ick Romanenk-o / ('olllnl bia ('o"e~eTodaJ'.

October 11 Proclaimed NationalAnti-Aparthied DayOver 100 campuse and at least a scoreof cities including Philadelphia, Detroit,

Los Angeles, New Haven, San Fran­cisco, Albany, Seattle and Washington,D.C. are planning anti-apartheid/pro­divestment prote t on

October 11. Among those organizingcommunity protests are April Actionfor Peace, Jobs and Ju tice Coalition,the Arizona AFL-CIO, the UnitedChurch of Christ and the Nuclear FreezeCampaign. In some cities, such as Ne\vHaven and Philadelphia, student pro­test are being closely coordinated withcommunity actions.

Besides diverse local actions, ACOA,which made the original call, is askingthat all groups observe a minute ofsilence at 1 pm £.S. T. in honor of thosekilled or in jail in South Africa andNamibia. The minute of silence and thewearing of black armbands are tounderscore the coincidence of this daywith the United Nation~' SouthernAfrica Political Prisoner Day.

The last national day of action, April4, 1985, sparked the host of protests\vhich resulted in numerous divestment~,

heightened public a\\-'arenes~, andsignificant pressure on both the U.S.and South African government~.

April Actions Bring Summer DivestmentsOn April 4, 1985, National DivestmentDay of the Weeks of Action the Colum­bia Coalition for a Free South Africablockaded their chooI' administrationbuilding. It was the most widelypublicized of many actions that tookplace that day. What followed \vas anoutpouring of student protest whichresulted in divestments by 21 school .

Some, but not nearly all, of the ac­tions which followed include:• Berkeley-blockage of Sproul Hallwith 400 arrested. Rallies attended byover 5000.• UCLA-sit in and rally on Spril 24,National Protest Day with 2000protestors.• UC/Santa Barbara-1400 surroundAdministration building on April 24.• Stanford-IOOO attend April 24 rallyand 250 sit-out overnight.• Cornell-IOOO arrested in prolongedsit-ins. Shanty town built and not raze~by administration until mid-summer.• Rutgers-prolonged blockade of stu-

dent center and rally attended by 5000.• SUNY-27 arrested at Regents pro­test. Four eventually jailed.• Harvard-48 students occupied Har­vard Corp. headquarters for 8 hrs. onApril 24.• U. Mass, Amherst-several hundredstudents occupied Administrationbuilding April 1-4.• Tufts-150 students occupied ad­ministration building for 3 days.• Princeton-prolonged encampment.• Yale-May 1 rally of 350 followed by24 hour sit-out of 200.• Univ. of Fla.-27 students arrested atblockade.• Atlanta-29 arrested at IBMshareholders' meeting protest.• Univ. of Louisville-l00 studentsstaged 24 hour April 24 occupation ofcampus in info center.• Univ. of Arizona, Tucson-April 24rally.• Univ. of Wisconsin- hundreds oc­cupied state capitol rotunda.

• Univ. of Iowa-200 occupied ad­ministration building. 137 arrested.• Univ. of Missouri-hundreds protestat May 2 Regents meeting.• Oberlin-350 sit in on April 24.• Univ. of Oregon-60 arrested in May2 protest.

Since April 24, twenty-one schoolshave divested, 8 totally, and 13 partial­ly. This does not include the recom­mended total divestments of Columbiaand Rutgers.Total divestments are:• Ohio State $10.8 million• Univ. of Iowa $2.5 million• California State/Northridge, $2.3million• Barnard College $945,000

.• Stonybrook Foundation/SUNY$80,000• U . Mass/Amherst• Arizona State $3.3 million• Iowa State• SUNY State $11.5 million

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Partial divestments are:• Bowdoin $1.8 million• Dartmouth $2 million• Fla. State $2 million• Georgetown Univ. $2 million• Grinnell College $9 million• Hobart and Wm. Smith $650,000• Univ. of N. Hampshire $400,000• Univ. of Washington $800,000• Univ. of Vermont $2.2. million• Swarthmore $600,000• Cornell College, Iowa• Univ. of Minnesota

Campuses nationwide are reportinggreatly increased interest. The lists tofollow in the next months should beimpressive.

Upcoming Student Conferences• November 1-3 National Student Con­ference on South Africa and Namibia.Hunter College, Park Ave. & 68th St.,.N.Y.C.-a major national conference\vi th Southern African speakers,workshops and regional caucuses. Send$10 registration fee (includes housing)and requests for info to: Natl. StudentConL c/o 198 Broadway, Room 402,NYC 10038 (212) 962-1210.• November 16-17 Midwest StudentConference, Uniaversity of Chicago.For info call Joe Iosbaker (319)354-4269 or 353-7018.

Students Organize Over SummerRepresentatives of 18 midwest schoolsmet in Chicago in June and Ann Arborin August to organize for the fallsemester. All endorsed the October 11national anti-apartheid day and pledg­ed to act. Among schools representedwere the Universities of Iowa, Wiscon­sin, Minnesota, Missouri, Louisville,Chicago, Illinois, and Michigan, Kan­sas University, Loyola and Nor­th\vestern. The Progressive Student Net­\\lurk, the Third World Political Forumand the Anti- Apartheid StudentAlliance, a Chicago-based Black studentalliance, were active in the meetings.

In August students from Harvard,NYU, Columbia, City College of N.Y.,Princeton, SUNY, the New School forSocial Research, Cornell, Dartmouth,Boston University, the Univ. ofMassachusetts, Yale, Brown, Williams,Bryn Mawr and a D.C. coalition ofschools met in New York City to discussprotest strategies and other issues. Amajor focus was the importance ofblack participation and leadership in the4

movement. All endorsed October 11 andpledged to act, though many indicatedthat action would already be underwayin September at trustees' meetings.

Columbia Expected to AnnounceTotal DivestmentAn ad hoc committee of trustees, facultyand students was formed last spring atColumbia to study its South Africanrelated investments in response to thedemands of students blockading the ad­ministration building. In late August,the committee recommended totaldivestment of the $39 million invest­ment.

President Sovern, a long opponent ofdivestment, now feels 'confident' it willpass and believes 'it's the right thing todo' in light of recent developments inSouth Africa. Perhaps, just as the Col­umbia blockade inspired students atdozens of campuses to act, the changein position of the Columbia trustees willinspire similar decisions in the universi­ty board rooms of their colleagues.

Fall Semester Actions Get QuickStart

Fifteen hundred people attended a lateAugust pro-divestment rally at Berkeleyto begin the semester. On Sept 4, 350st udents at Cornell gathered to pro~est

the proposed code of conduct and de­mand divestment. And for the last twoweeks of September, students at Swar­thmore are maintaining a vigil.

Cornell students will greet theirtrustees when they meet on Oct. 11, N3­tional Anti-Apartheid Day. Suchschools as Bryn Mawr and Yale, wherethe movement has been strong but thecore group small in the past few years,report organizational meetings inSeptember which swelled their ranks

South African armytransports arrestedSoweto students.

photo: Wideworld

beyond all expectations. The outlook isbright.

U.N. Holds Hearings on Transna­tional Activities in South AfricaThe U. N. Centre on Transnational Cor­porations has held hearings on thedegree and nat ute of the involvement oftransnational corporations in SouthAfrica. Testimony of o~er 50 resear­chers examined to what extent thesebusinesses contribute to sustaining apar­theid and maintaining the occupation ofNamibia, with particular attention totheir role in the nuclear and military sec­tors, their exploitation of Namibianresources, and their employmentpractices.

Copies of background papers on theseissues and a bibliography should bevaluable for pro-divestment groups andcan be obtained from the:Office of the Executive Director, U.N.

Centre onTransnational Corps., Room DC2-1220,

N.Y., N.Y. 10017

Morehouse Rally Connects CivilRights and Anti-Apartheid StrugglesSounding a theme being raised nation­wide, that black student participation inthe anti-apartheid movement must be

increased and highlight the connectionsbetween U.S. and South African strug­gles for racial justice, speakers from theCivil Rights movement addressed a­crowd of 2000 students at MorehouseCollege in Atlanta. Andrew Young,Julian Bond and John Lewis were join­ed on the podium by the daughters ofBishop Tutu, Martin Luther King andAlbert Luthuli, whose presence andmessages further underscored theconnection.

I enclose $, _

AMERICA~ FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITIEE1501 Cherry Street • Philadelphia. PA 19102

I would like a one year subscription to the United States Anti-ApartheidNewsletter. Enclosed is my ten dollar ($10.00) subscription fee.

Media etwork's Guide to Films onApartheid and the Southern AfricanRegion. Contains evaluative descrip­tions of over 40 films, video-tapes andslideshows on South Africa and theregion. Each entry includes titfe, length,format, producer, price, distributor,and includes a description. Available for$2.00 plus 50 postage from Media Net­work, 208 West 13th Street, N.Y., N.Y.10011. Discount for bulk orders.

The following new publications areavailable from The Africa Fund, 198Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10038.Please add 15070 to order for postage andhandling.

Economic Action Against Apartheid:An overview of the Divestment Cam­paign and Financial Implications for In­stitutional Investors. Brooke Baldwinand Theodore Brown. Highlights thetremendous impact the divestmentmovement is having on government andbusiness leaders in South Africa, andalso contains a study which analyzes thefinancial effects of divestment on port­folios, demonstrating the weakness ofarguments predicting financial losses.47pp. $3.00

1984 in South Africa: The Illusion ofReform, the Reality of Resistance. Jen­nifer Davis. Reports on growingresistance to purported reforms whichare in reality actually entrenchments ofapartheid or token measures. 6 pp. 35Over 20, 20.

S TAT E S

THEIDE T T E R

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South Africa Legislative Packet. Fivebasic fact sheets articulate argumentssupporting anti-apartheid legislation.Also addresses arguments against sanc­tions. Information to enable groups todo informal lobbying. Available fromthe Washington Office on Africa, 110Maryland Ave, NE, Washington, DC20002. $3.00.

details the changes for the worst whichhe witnessed in apartheid. 384 pp.$17.95. Due to be published inNovember by Times Books, RandomHouse.

Investing in Apartheid. NARMIC. Welldocumented, updated listing of all U.S.­based companies currently operating inSouth Africa. Fall, 1985. 26 pp. $2.00.$1.00 each for ten or more. Availablefrom NARMIC, the research groupresponsible for Automating Apartheid.NARMIC, American Friends ServiceCommittee, 1501 Cherry St.,Philadelphia, Pa. 19102.

Kruger's Alp. Christopher Hope. Thesecond satiric novel on apartheid by theauthor of A Separate Development.Hope, an exiled white South African,has written a satiric comedy which, ifpossible, surpasses in brilliance andscathing wit his first novel on life underthe apartheid regime. 279 pp. $15.95.Viking Books.

Several new books are availablethrough the Africa World Press AfricaResearch and Publications Project P.O.Box 1892, Trenton, N.J. 08608. Add$1.00 postage and handling for eachbook ordered.

Strangers in tbeir own Country: A Cur­riculum Guide on South Africa. VvTm.Bigelow. Designed as a manual for highschool teachers, the book incorporatesshort stories, poems, role plays, simula­tions, news articles and historicalreadings to reveal unfolding drama inSouthern Africa. 192 pp. $14.95. Alsoavailable from AFSC, 1501 Cherry,Phila., Pa. 19102

Salutes and Censures: A Collection ofew and Previously Unpublished

Poems. Dennis Brutus. Consists ofpraise and blame poems, whichcategorize the political and culturalworld into a political genealogy offriends and foes. 224 pp. Cloth $29.95.Paper $9.95.

Control Data's PLATO Computer undSouth Africa's Apartheid EducationSystem. Thomas Bartholomay. A work­ing paper which explores the links bet­ween the high technology exports toSouth Africa and the concerted effortby the apartheid regime to utilize suchtechnology for its continued program' ofmilitary and political repression. 53 pp.

$4.00 for one copy. $3.60 for 2-10copies. $2.20 for 11-100.

In Whose Interest? A Guide to U.S ..­Soutb African Relations.Kevin Danaher. The first comprehensivehandbook to the key political issues thatmold U.S.-S.A. policy. Usefulbibliography. 279 pp. $11.95 plus 15%postage and handling. Availablethrough the Institute for Policy Studies,

, room 7 1901 Q. St. N.W. Washington,DC 20009

Move Your Shadow: South Africa,Black and White. Joseph Lelyveld.Lelyveld, a veteran of two tours of du­ty as New York Times South Africa cor­respondent, one ending in the mid­sixties, the other in the early eighties,

Name _

Address _

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PAC Tour

November 1-3.A second speaking tour, 'From

Soweto to San Salvador.' will follow inFebruary. For information on either,and to schedule for February, callACOA (212) 962-1210.

•ar Ca

From September 7 through the end ofNovember, Joe Moabi, Secretary ( fFinance and member of the PAC Cen­tral Committee based in Tanzania andElizabeth Sibeko, PAC Women andLabor Coordinator, will tour the U.S.to raise fund for the Pan Africani,tCongress of Azania.

For more information, contact theP.A.C. office in Nevv York-(212)986­7378 .

Two major campaigns are underway topublicize and protest the plight ofpolitical prisoners in South Africa. TheU.S. Out of Southern Africa Networkof the All-People's Congress hasorganized a Free Nelson Mandela rib­bon campaign which has alreadydistributed thousands of black ribbons.For bulk order information, contact theNetwork at 19 West 21 St, Room 703b,N.Y., N.Y. 10010.

International Possiblities Unlimitedis selling brass bracelets, each bearingthe name of a current political prisoner.A portion of the proceeds will benefitthe Free South- Africa Movement andthe International Defen e and AidFund. For information, contact I.P.U.,P.O. Box 2542, Ann Arbor, Michigan48106.

Political Prison

Freedom Rising: Life under Apartheidthrough the Eyes of an American on aFour-Year Clandestine Journey throughSouthern Africa. James North. In­sightful assessment of the situation inSouth Africa by an outsider who wasnot content to remain only an observor.Includes not only interviews with avariety of South Africans, includingAfricaners who support apartheid, butalso information on North's role ascourier for anti-apartheid activists. 328pp. $19.95. MacMillan Books.

One Step in the Wrong Direction: AnAnalysis of the Sullivan Principles as aStrategy for Opposing Apartheid.Elizabeth Schmidt. Revised, January,1985. 42 pp. $1.00. Available fromEpiscopal Churchpeople for a FreeSouthern Africa (ECSA), 339 LafayetteSt., NY., NY. 10012

Southern Africa ProgramAmerican Friends Service Committee1501 Cherry StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19102

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FREEDOM LETTER CAMPAIGNOn October 12, the Free South AfricaMovement launched a campaign to col­lect one million signatures on a FreedomLetter to be sent to Bishop Tutu in lateNovember. The letter, which reaffirmsthe signers' commitment to work for afree South Africa, will be delivered toTutu in commemoration of the first an­niversary of civil disobedience outsidethe South African embassy inWashington, D.C. For more information,contact Glen McKeown (202) 547-2550.

Boycott South Africa, NotNicaragua-A speaking tour linkingthe issues of U.S. relationships withSouth Africa and Nicaragua is beginingon October 11 in New York. ClaireMohapi of the Youth Section of theANC in Lusaka, Zambia; MonicaMoshanda of the SWAPO YouthLeague of Namibi; and Roger Urirte,head of the international section of theNational Union of Nicaraquan Studentswill begin their tour in New York on Oc­tober 10. They will then travel toAmherst, Boston, Yale, Philadelphia,Washington, D.C., Atlanta, the Univ ofIowa and the Univ of Colorado beforereturning to New York to attend the Na­tional Student Conference from

PCFREE SOUTH AFRICA

IVEST N WBREAK ECONOMIC LINKS WITH APARTHEID

Posters with this wordin~ and alsoposters reading 'Sanctions ow~ areavailable through American Friends Ser­vice Committee, 1501 Cherry St., Phila,Pa. 19102. 3 for $100 or 50 each.

Leah Tutu Tours U.S.Leah Tutu, the wife of South AfricanBishop Desmond Tutu, is scheduled totour parts of the United States for theAFSC from November 1st throughNovember 10th. -

A HOW-TO divest packet isavailable from The CampaignAgainst Investment in SouthAfrica. Southern AfricaProgram-AFSC 1501 Cherry St.Phila., PA 19102 $3.50, 10 ormore/$3.00 each