Faculty Faculty Development: The Development: The

Basics and Basics and Individual Individual

Academic PlanAcademic PlanFernando S. Mendoza, M.D., M.P.H.Fernando S. Mendoza, M.D., M.P.H.Professor and Chief, Division of General Professor and Chief, Division of General

PediatricsPediatricsLucile Salter Packard Children’s HospitalLucile Salter Packard Children’s HospitalAssociate Dean of Minority Advising and Associate Dean of Minority Advising and

ProgramsProgramsStanford University, School of MedicineStanford University, School of Medicine

Rules of the Academic Rules of the Academic GameGame

Rules established by type of faculty positionRules established by type of faculty position ““Tenured”Tenured”

Usually 50% or more research timeUsually 50% or more research time May be obtained in Clinician-Educator track in some May be obtained in Clinician-Educator track in some

institutions with non- modified titleinstitutions with non- modified title Assessment of publications, grants, and national and Assessment of publications, grants, and national and

international recognitioninternational recognition Clinical Scholar/InvestigatorClinical Scholar/Investigator

Usually 50% or less research timeUsually 50% or less research time Assessment of clinical excellence, clinical research, teaching, Assessment of clinical excellence, clinical research, teaching,

administration, leadership position, and national recognitionadministration, leadership position, and national recognition Clinician Educator/Clinical Modifier (prefix vs. suffix)Clinician Educator/Clinical Modifier (prefix vs. suffix)

Teaching and clinical careTeaching and clinical care Portfolio of teaching evaluation, awards, leadership positions, Portfolio of teaching evaluation, awards, leadership positions,

service to school and departmentservice to school and department ScholarshipScholarship

Examples of TitlesExamples of Titles

Professor, Associate Professor (non-Professor, Associate Professor (non-modified)modified)

Suffix: Associate Professor of Suffix: Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics (modified title), Clinical Pediatrics (modified title), Professor of Clinical PediatricsProfessor of Clinical Pediatrics

Prefix: Clinical Associate Professor Prefix: Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Clinical Professor of of Pediatrics, Clinical Professor of PediatricsPediatrics

How to find out about How to find out about the rulesthe rules

Defining the rules:Defining the rules: Listed in faculty handbookListed in faculty handbook Review with division chief, chairman, & Review with division chief, chairman, &

promotion committee chairpromotion committee chair Definition of “academic achievement”Definition of “academic achievement”

Publications: articles, journal, chapters, reviews, Publications: articles, journal, chapters, reviews, reports…reports…

Authorship: first vs last.Authorship: first vs last. Grants and fundingGrants and funding Teaching, administration, and citizenshipTeaching, administration, and citizenship External evaluation and recognitionExternal evaluation and recognition

Faculty PipelineFaculty Pipeline

Admission Committee

Residency Directors Division Chiefs Chair, Chief, and Senior Faculty

Chair, Chief, and Senior Faculty

Medical School Residency Fellowship Assistant Professor Associate Professor

12–20% 6–10% 1–4% 2.2% 2.5%

ClinicalResearchTeachingLeadershipSocial Ties

Faculty Development Skills and Achievements

GATEKEEPERS

ABCs of Faculty ABCs of Faculty DevelopmentDevelopment

Awareness, Belief, ConfidenceAwareness, Belief, Confidence AwarenessAwareness : Identify your career goals: : Identify your career goals:

matched your goals to faculty typematched your goals to faculty type Commitment to clinical care, education and Commitment to clinical care, education and

researchresearch What makes you happy?What makes you happy? What kind of life style do you want?What kind of life style do you want? What type of security in your career do you What type of security in your career do you

want to have?want to have?

TeachingTeaching

Clinical excellence in your field of Clinical excellence in your field of expertiseexpertise

Excellence in TeachingExcellence in Teaching Faculty development in teaching skillsFaculty development in teaching skills Assessment by portfolio, awards,Assessment by portfolio, awards, Establish leadership in teaching; residency Establish leadership in teaching; residency

director, curriculum director, course directordirector, curriculum director, course director Become part of the educational network in Become part of the educational network in

your fieldyour field Hot topic: cultural competency (fundable)Hot topic: cultural competency (fundable)

ResearchResearch

Finding your research niche and asking Finding your research niche and asking the right question.the right question. Research mentor should guide you.Research mentor should guide you. One of the most important decisions you One of the most important decisions you

will make in your academic career.will make in your academic career. The right niche matches your research The right niche matches your research

skills, interests, and resources with a skills, interests, and resources with a research area that is likely to be research area that is likely to be productive.productive.

Is there a research network in this area?Is there a research network in this area?

The MentorThe Mentor

BeliefBelief :The ideal mentor is a teacher, guide, :The ideal mentor is a teacher, guide, research resource, and social supporter.research resource, and social supporter.

Ideally, the mentor would be your divisional Ideally, the mentor would be your divisional chief.chief.

The real worldThe real world You have to make the mentorship relationship(s) You have to make the mentorship relationship(s)

work.work. Multiple mentors is the normMultiple mentors is the norm Research mentor may be different from an academic Research mentor may be different from an academic

mentormentor Junior mentor are good social mentors and Junior mentor are good social mentors and

networkersnetworkers

Essential Research SkillsEssential Research Skills ConfidenceConfidence in your scholarship skillsin your scholarship skills

Repetition is the keyRepetition is the key StatisticsStatistics

Understanding of statistics is essential to set up a Understanding of statistics is essential to set up a scientific study.scientific study.

Must have skill in using a statistical software Must have skill in using a statistical software packagepackage

A Masters in Public Health or equivalent may be A Masters in Public Health or equivalent may be usefuluseful

Study designStudy design Best to answer your questionBest to answer your question Power calculations for sample sizePower calculations for sample size Measurement in your fieldMeasurement in your field Analytic plan is established with a research mentor-Analytic plan is established with a research mentor-

Scientific WritingScientific Writing

A productive academic faculty produces A productive academic faculty produces 2 to 3 articles or chapters per year.2 to 3 articles or chapters per year.

Scientific writing is a skill that needs to Scientific writing is a skill that needs to be learned; essential for publications be learned; essential for publications and grant writing.and grant writing.

You are known through your writing, You are known through your writing, so your academic career is your writing.so your academic career is your writing.

Repetition forges the good writerRepetition forges the good writer

PublicationsPublications Priority in publications; first author, last Priority in publications; first author, last

author, and in between (co-author)author, and in between (co-author) Number of publications are important; Number of publications are important;

therefore, all of above counttherefore, all of above count Publication grading: peer-reviewed, journal Publication grading: peer-reviewed, journal

type, cross-discipline, reviews, chapters, type, cross-discipline, reviews, chapters, books, electronic journalsbooks, electronic journals

Educational and media publicationsEducational and media publications Publications at time of promotion need to tell Publications at time of promotion need to tell

a story of scholarship- a story of scholarship- Repetition in a field Repetition in a field identifies you as a leader in that field, as a identifies you as a leader in that field, as a scholar.scholar.

Grant WritingGrant Writing Take grant writing workshopTake grant writing workshop Start as co-PI with senior PIStart as co-PI with senior PI Target small grants to get pilot data and publicationsTarget small grants to get pilot data and publications Work with mentor to decide where best to put your Work with mentor to decide where best to put your

time: NIH (K awards), private foundations, time: NIH (K awards), private foundations, pharmaceuticals, state or other than NIH federal pharmaceuticals, state or other than NIH federal grantsgrants

companies, or internal funding sources.companies, or internal funding sources. One grant is like writing two or three papersOne grant is like writing two or three papers Work with your school to get information on funding Work with your school to get information on funding

for your area of research. (look for minority focused for your area of research. (look for minority focused or minority faculty grants)or minority faculty grants)

Rejection is not failure: Repetition can lead Rejection is not failure: Repetition can lead to successto success

Time managementTime management Working hard and not smart is badWorking hard and not smart is bad Time may not be under your control, Time may not be under your control,

therefore, mentor, chief, or chair is key to therefore, mentor, chief, or chair is key to give you the time for success (best time to give you the time for success (best time to negotiate is at before accepting a position)negotiate is at before accepting a position)

Without 30% or more time difficult to have an Without 30% or more time difficult to have an academic career. (Salary buyouts are great!)academic career. (Salary buyouts are great!)

Time management will make you make tough Time management will make you make tough choiceschoices

Time for family and self should always be part Time for family and self should always be part of the scheduleof the schedule

Time Management Top 10 ListTime Management Top 10 List(David Newman-Toker, J. of Invest Med. (David Newman-Toker, J. of Invest Med.

May 2004)May 2004)10. Do not check e-mail every 10. Do not check e-mail every

10 minutes10 minutes

9. Automate repetitive tasks9. Automate repetitive tasks

8. Limit times to communicate 8. Limit times to communicate with patientswith patients

7. No national meetings 7. No national meetings unless you are presenting unless you are presenting and published last year’s and published last year’s abstractabstract

6. When you fall behind work 6. When you fall behind work backwardsbackwards

5. Titrate Effort to 5. Titrate Effort to importance, not time importance, not time available, break large tasks available, break large tasks into small chunksinto small chunks

4. Allow yourself to 4. Allow yourself to procrastinate procrastinate productivelyproductively

3. Schedule first important 3. Schedule first important things that lack “official” things that lack “official” deadlines. “Sharpen the deadlines. “Sharpen the Saw”Saw”

2. Be balance, create 2. Be balance, create mandatory fund and mandatory fund and personal timepersonal time

1. Treat depression and 1. Treat depression and dysthymia aggressivelydysthymia aggressively

Networking and Networking and LeadershipLeadership

Internal leadership Internal leadership Leadership comes with responsibility, Leadership comes with responsibility,

therefore, balance is essential: bottom line, therefore, balance is essential: bottom line, will this help my promotion? will this help my promotion?

External leadership is positive for you, External leadership is positive for you, your department and school.your department and school. Open the door through academic Open the door through academic

presentations, senior faculty, mentors, presentations, senior faculty, mentors, organizations (HSHPS)organizations (HSHPS)

External leadership give external External leadership give external networking and recognition for promotionnetworking and recognition for promotion

AdministrationAdministration

Any administrative duty as an assistant Any administrative duty as an assistant professor should be enhancing rather professor should be enhancing rather that detracting from your promotion.that detracting from your promotion.

Nice people often finish lastNice people often finish last If you are going to do administration, If you are going to do administration,

make them pay a price: money, make them pay a price: money, research support, or extended research support, or extended appointment period.appointment period.

You have to learn to say no to your You have to learn to say no to your chief, chair, and students.chief, chair, and students.

Individual Academic PlanIndividual Academic Plan

Putting it all together means putting Putting it all together means putting yourself on the line to meet a time yourself on the line to meet a time table.table.

The more realistic the more valuableThe more realistic the more valuable Seek support from chief and chair Seek support from chief and chair

with the help of your mentor(s)with the help of your mentor(s) Frequent reviews of your IAP by you Frequent reviews of your IAP by you

and outside reviewer (senior faculty, and outside reviewer (senior faculty, chief, chair) will be most valuable.chief, chair) will be most valuable.

Negotiation SkillsNegotiation Skills

Four Stages of Negotiations (AAMC 2005)Four Stages of Negotiations (AAMC 2005) Preparation makes for better negotiationsPreparation makes for better negotiations

Research standards and identify what is important to Research standards and identify what is important to you and the other partyyou and the other party

Exchanging informationExchanging information Most important part of negotiating; ask questions, Most important part of negotiating; ask questions,

active listening, active summarizing; active listening, active summarizing; understand the understand the other partyother party

Bargaining should come after as much Bargaining should come after as much common ground can be foundcommon ground can be found

Closing and Commitment- good contracts Closing and Commitment- good contracts make good partnersmake good partners

Promotion PackagePromotion Package

CV- number of publications, grants, CV- number of publications, grants, awards, leadership positionsawards, leadership positions

Teaching and clinical assessmentsTeaching and clinical assessments Scholarship- telling a story of your Scholarship- telling a story of your

scholarship with 3 to 5 papers from your scholarship with 3 to 5 papers from your CVCV

External Referees (5-15) asked to assess External Referees (5-15) asked to assess your academics against others in the fieldyour academics against others in the field

Special AccomplishmentsSpecial Accomplishments

Academic SuccessAcademic Success Peer-reviewed journalsPeer-reviewed journals Grants (research, education, service)Grants (research, education, service) Membership in national academic Membership in national academic

societiessocieties TeachingTeaching Visiting ProfessorshipsVisiting Professorships Clinical Excellence and ServiceClinical Excellence and Service TenureTenure MentorshipMentorship Personal SatisfactionPersonal Satisfaction

*Haggerty RJ, Sutherland SA. The academic general pediatrician: Is the speciesStill endangered? Pediatrics 1999 Jul;104(1 Pt 2):137-142.

NIH Grant review NIH Grant review processprocess

NIH Center for Scientific Review

Integrated Review group

Study section

Lower half

Streamlined

Upper half

Priority scorePercentile

Advisory Council

funding

Institute

Referral Officers

SRA

Study section member

Study section SRA

Program Officer