facts about the nile

8/9/2019 Facts About the Nile

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Facts about the Nile

River Basin Countries:

Tanzania - Rwanda Burundi Congo Kenya

Uganda Eritria Ethiopia Sudan Egypt


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Location: Africa latitude 40S to 310N

River catchement area: 2,9 million Km2

River length: 6,695 Km

Total length of the river and its tributaries:

37,205 Km2


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Total areas of the lakes: 80,900 Km2

Largest lake: Victoria 67,580 Km2 the second

largest fresh water lake in the world


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NILE RIVER BASIN

The Nile River gets its water from three catchments :

1- The Plateau of Equatorial lakes

2- Bahr EL Ghazal

3- Ethiopian high lands


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I- Equatorial lakes plateau

It is composed of :-

- Victoria and Kioga Lakes discharge into Victoria Nile

- George and Edward Lakes discharge into Semiliki

river connecting Edward Lake to Albert lake.


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- Albert lake discharges into Albert Nile. Albert

Nile collects also rainfall run off and flows

down to Nimuli which is called thereafter Bahr

EL Jebel.


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II- Bahr EL Ghazal Catchment

It is located in the South west area of Sudan.

All water collected by Bahr El Ghazal

Catchment are is lost in the sudd area through


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evaporation and evapotranspiration

The water from Bahr EL Gabal flows to the

white Nile through Lake No.


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III- Ethiopian High Lands Catchment

The source of water from Ethiopian high lands

discharge into the white Nile through three

rivers. These are :


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1- The Sobat river. It originates from Ethiopia

through the two tributaries Baro and pipor .

Baro river crosses Machar Marshes

2- The Blue Nile. It gets its water from Lake

Tana, and several tributaries in Ethiopia and two

tributaries in Sudan


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3- The Atbara river. It originates from Ethiopia

and Eritria through two tributaries.

It discharges into the main Nile North of

Khartoom


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- Khashm EL Gerba Dam on Atbara river

- Aswan High Dam on the main Nile at Aswan

- Old Aswan Dam at Aswan

- Esna Barrage

- Naga Hammadi Barrage


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- Assyout Barrage

- Delta Barrages

- Zefta Barrage on Dammietta Branch

- Faraskour Dam on Dammietta Branch

- Edfiena Barrage on Rosette Branch


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River Basins Management Problems and

issues ( Nile River Case )

- Soil erosion in the watershed area

* Factors affecting soil erosion

- Vegetation Cover- Loose Soil

- Urbanization

- Slopes


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* Problems

- Erosion of top fertile surface

- Decreased run off

- Damages of properties

- Increased sediment yield to rivers


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- Sediment yield entering the rivers

Problems:-

* Deposition in the reservoirs leading to

reduced lifetime of the reservoir

* Deposition of sediment in the water way

affecting river regime, recreation, and

navigation

* Reduced water quality


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- Effect of hydraulic Structures

* Negative Environmental impact

* Deposition of sediment and erosion of river

bed and banks


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- Flood Control

* Forcasting

* Flood routing

* Water levels


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- Pollution Control

* Legal and institutional frame work

* Monitoring

* Enforcement


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- Water losses in the watershed area

* Evaporation and evapotion in swamps

* Other losses


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- Data collection network

* Metrological and hydrological data

* Soil data* Water levels and discharges

* water quality

* Others


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Evolution of corporation in the Nile Basin

A.Bilateral Cooperation

The following is a brief account of the Nile

Water Agreements in chronological order

governing the uses and the sharing of Nile

waters.


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It is worth mentioning that only the Nile water

aspects will be stated.

1) Protocol between Britain and Italy in 1891

2) Treaty between Congo and Britain in 1894


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3) Treaty between Britain and Ethiopia in 1902

4) Agreement between Britain and Congo un

1906 ( Modifying the Agreement of Brussels

signed in 1894 )


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5) Agreement between Britain, Italy and

Ethiopia in 1906

6) Exchange of notes between Britain and Italy

in 1925

7) Nile water agreement in 1929

8) Convention between Britain and Belgium in

1934


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9) Exchange of memoranda between Egypt and

Great Britain ( on behalf of Uganda ) in 1949-

195310) Egypt and the Sudan Nile Agreement in 1969

11) Exchange of memoranda between Egypt and

Uganda in 1991


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12) Framework for General Cooperation

between Egypt and Ethiopia in 1993

13) Joint Communiqu Issue between Kenya andEgypt in 1993

14) Agreement between Egypt and Uganda for

controlling water hyacinth in 1998


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Regional cooperation through joint projects in

the Nile basin

1- The HYDROMET project

2- The TECCO NILE project

3- The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)

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