Factors affecting Growth Rates

AS Geography

Learning Objectives

• To understand some key terms in population geography

• To discuss and understand the nature of Natural Change

• To look at the various factors that affect population growth

• To look at the various methods used to get population data and how this information is used

What are the causes of Population Growth

• Health• Education• Social Provision• Cultural Factors• Political Factors• Environmental Factors

Key Terms

KEY TERM MEANING

Birth Rate the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

Death Rate the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

Life Expectancy The number of years that an individual is expected to live

Natural Change Difference between Birth rate and death rate given as a percentage

Crude Birth Rate Annual number of births per 1,000 population

Crude Death Rate Annual number of deaths per 1,000 population

Fertility Rate the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

Inputs and Outputs

Activity

• What happens when Inputs exceed Outputs• When Outputs exceed inputs• Which is the most important element of population

– Justify your view• Give examples of places that are experiencing the

following:• Natural Population decrease• Net outward Migration• Stationary population• High rates of population growth

Use the following and think how they may influence population growth

Cause Reason

Health

Education

Social Provision

Cultural Factors

Political Factors

Environmental Factors

HealthCause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education

Social Provision

Cultural Factors

Political Factors

Environmental Factors

EducationCause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education Health Education, age of school leavers, females in education, levels of tertiary education, literacy levels

Social Provision

Cultural Factors

Political Factors

Environmental Factors

Social ProvisionCause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education Health Education, age of school leavers, females in education, levels of tertiary education, literacy levels

Social Provision Levels of care for the elderly, availability of radio and other forms of media, clean water supply

Cultural Factors

Political Factors

Environmental Factors

Cultural Factors

Cause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education Health Education, age of school leavers, females in education, levels of tertiary education, literacy levels

Social Provision Levels of care for the elderly, availability of radio and other forms of media, clean water supply

Cultural Factors Religious attitudes to birth control, status gain from having children, role of women in society, sexual morality

Political Factors

Environmental Factors

Political FactorsCause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education Health Education, age of school leavers, females in education, levels of tertiary education, literacy levels

Social Provision Levels of care for the elderly, availability of radio and other forms of media, clean water supply

Cultural Factors Religious attitudes to birth control, status gain from having children, role of women in society, sexual morality

Political Factors Taxation to support services, strength of economy, impact of war and conflicts, access to healthcare. Contraception

Environmental Factors

Environmental Factors

Cause Reason

Health The control of disease, birth control measures, infant mortality rates, diet, malnutrition, numbers of medical staff per person, sexual health, sanitation

Education Health Education, age of school leavers, females in education, levels of tertiary education, literacy levels

Social Provision Levels of care for the elderly, availability of radio and other forms of media, clean water supply

Cultural Factors Religious attitudes to birth control, status gain from having children, role of women in society, sexual morality

Political Factors Taxation to support services, strength of economy, impact of war and conflicts, access to healthcare. Contraception

Environmental Factors Frequency of natural disasters, environmental conditions that breed disease

Activity

• Think about how you would measure pop’n characteristics and why?

• Most countries use the census to collect details and information off people living in the country and it works like a snapshot of what is going on in a country at any given time

Census

• In the UK occur every 10 years the next one is 2011

• What data do you think it collects?

Example of Data collected

Employment Ethnicity Educational attainment

Housing ownership Social Activity Housing type

Household composition.

Marital status Age structure

Who Uses the Data

• Government – It allows govt’s to forecast the needs of the country and how to allocate resources in the future e.g. House building schemes or build more schools or how tax systems may need to change

• Non-Governmental Bodies – The census is of great interest to many companies like advertisers, retailers, property developers, utilities and financial services.

Activity

• A census in theory is a very good idea however they can be beset by problems. Discuss and list the kind of problems that maybe present in each census both in the UK and worldwide.

• Infringe privacy rights• Unreturned forms• Political conditions can make them difficult

to organise• Expensive• Not good in remote badly connected

countries

What do they do?

• Previous 10 yr trends can help predict the next 10 years.

• Help predict natural pop’n change and migration patterns

• Enables estimation of housing demands• Enables the planning of national transport

policies• Snapshot of the diversity of the country.

What do they do for Businesses

• Can be linked to other data sources, such as credit card data, to provide information on regional lifestyles.

• Enables targeted marketing based on postcode

• Enables Insurance industry to assess risk more effectively

• Enables retailers to invest in optimum locations where spending power is highest

• Allows firms to target stores according to the profile of their population

Learning Objectives

To understand some key terms in population geography

To discuss and understand the nature of Natural Change

To look at the various factors that affect population growth

To look at the various methods used to get population data and how this information is used

And Finally....

• Can you think of the different ways that we can display population data?