factor influence the selection of plant location
TRANSCRIPT
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FACTORS INFLUENCE THE SELECTION OF PLANT LOCATION
PRESENTED BY : SHIKHA SINGH
ROLL NO :160617009
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF :
DR MAHALAKSHMI RATHNANAND
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
MCOPS MANIPAL UNIVERSITY
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CONTENTS
• Definition
• Introduction
• Factor affecting plant location
• Conclusion
• References
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DEFINITION
• A plant is a place where men, materials, money, equipment, machinery, etc are brought together for manufacturing products.
• Plant location refers to the establishment of an industry at a particular place.
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INTRODUCTION
Plant location refers to the choice of region and the selection of a particular site for setting up a business or factory
An ideal location is one where
Cost of the product is kept to minimum
With a large market share
Least risk & maximum social gain
It is the place of maximum net advantage or which gives lowest unit cost of production and distribution.
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE PLANT LOCATION Nearness to raw materials.
Transport facilities
Nearness to market
Availability of labour
Availability of fuel & power
Availability of water4
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Climatic condition Financial & other aids Land Community attitude Presence of related industries Existence of hospital, marketing centres, schools,
banks post offices, etc Local bye-laws, taxes, building ordinance, etc Housing facilities Facilities for expansion Security
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NEARNESS TO RAW MATERIALS
It will reduce the cost of transportation of raw materials from the vendors end to the plant
When the supplier of raw material is near the facility, then the immediate supply of the raw materials will be available
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TRANSPORT FACILITIES
Money is spent in transporting raw material as well as finished goods
Depending on the size of a raw materials and finished goods
A suitable method of transportation such a road, rail, water or air is selected & accordingly plant location is decided
The cost of transportation must be fairly small compared to the total cost 7
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NEARNESS TO MARKET
It reduces the cost of transportation as well as the chances the finished products getting damage to the goods while transport
Moreover a plant being near to the market can catch a big share of the market & can render quick service to the customers
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AVAILABILITY OF LABOUR The labour should be stable, with proper
attitude towards work and available at reasonable rates.
Should be managed in such a way that the chances of boycotts, strikes or lockouts are less and the facility is able to achieve low labour cost per unit production.
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AVAILABILITY OF FUEL & POWER
• Because of the wide spread use of electric power, in most cases fuel has not remained a leading factor for plant location
• Electric power should be available continuously, in proper quantity and at reasonable rates.
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AVAILABILITY OF WATER
Water is used for processing, drinking, and sanitary purposes
For a pharmaceutical industry, water should be available in adequate quantity and should be of proper quality
Pharmaceutical industry should not be located in an area known for its water shortage 11
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CLIMATIC CONDITION
Due to development of HVAC (heating, ventilation & air conditioning), climate of a region doesn’t present much of a problem. However, usage of HVAC needs capital
Facilities located in humid areas should consider the relative humidity of the place & its effects on the product. Thus regulating the relative humidity is also important.
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FINANCIAL & OTHER AIDS
Some states gives aids in the form of loans, feed money, subsides, machinery, etc to attract industrialists
Special economic zone has economic law which is different from typical country’s economic laws
SEZ offer tax breaks to foreign investors
SEZs are located within country’s national borders aims to increase trade, increase investments, job creation & effective administration 13
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LAND
Topography, area, shape of the site, cost, drainage and other facilities as well as the probability of floods and earthquake influence the selection of site.
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PRESENCE OF RELATED INDUSTRIES Like packaging industry or a firm which
produces raw materials could be helpful to the new industry which could get the raw materials from the nearby firm.
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EXISTENCE OF HOSPITALS, MARKETING CENTERS, SCHOOLS , BANKS ETC
For the future benefits of the staffs and their family.
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HOUSING FACILITIES
Accommodations are given to the employees of higher rank, thus there should be housing facilities in the selected site.
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FACILITIES FOR EXPANSION
While selecting the land for a plant site, it should be seen that there’s plenty of land for future expansion of the industry
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LOCATION OF A FACTORY IN A BIG CITY
Generally factories are located in big cities for obvious reasons of skilled labour, market for both raw material and end products
ADVANTAGES:
All types of skilled man power is available
Repair, maintenance and service facilities for various utilities are available in abundance
Big markets for sale of products available 19
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CONTI…
Many similar industries /plants exist in nearby areas.
Housing facilities for workers and employees .
Police and fire protection facilities available in near by areas.
DISADVANTAGES:
Insurance and taxation rates are high
Due to higher living standards, cost of consumer goods and wages rates are high
Cost of land is more if needed for expansion of the plant etc
Possibilities of expansion are minimum due to scarcity of land 20
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LOCATION OF AN INDUSTRY IN SMALL TOWN
ADVANTAGES:
Less labour trouble
Lower rents in comparison to big cities and urban areas
Noise not much problems
DISADVANTAGES:
Lack of skilled labour
Lack of facilities for staffs
Police and fire protection less satisfactory
Transportation & marketing facilities not satisfactory as required 21
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REFFERENCES
O.P. Khanna’s, Industrial Engineering and Management 17th Edition Dhanpat Rai Publications, Edition: 2010 ISBN: 9788189928353, page no.
Cvs Subrahmanyam Pharmaceutical Production & Management, Vallabh Publications / Prakashan, 1st edition, ISBN: 8185731403, page no.
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