FactorCosts ETHIOPIAN INVESTMENT AGENCY

FactorCosts

March2012 FactorCosts I Part 1: COST OF LAND ..................................................................................................... 11.1 Urban Land ......................................................................... 11.1.1 Lease Holding .................................................................................................... 11.1.2 Minimum Lease and Rental Prices of Urban Land in Some Regions ................. 31.2 Rural Land ......................................................................... 161.2.1 Tigray National Regional State ......................................................................... 161.2.2 Oromiya NationalRegional State .................................................................... 161.2.3 Amhara National Regional State ...................................................................... 171.2.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) ........ 221.2.5 Benshagul Gumz Ntional Regional State ......................................................... 231.2.6 Somali National Regional State ........................................................................ 261.3 Incentives Related to Land .............................................. 261.3.1 Oromiya National Regional State ..................................................................... 261.3.2 Amhara National Regional State ...................................................................... 271.3.3 Tigray National Regional State ......................................................................... 281.3.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) ........ 281.3.5 Gambella National Regional State4 .................................................................. 291.3.6 Benshangul Gumuz National Regional State ................................................... 291. 3.7 Somali National Regional State ....................................................................... 29Part 2: LABOR COST ....................................................................................................... 302.1 Wages and Salaries at Enterprise Level .................................................................... 302.2 Salaries of Civil Service Employees ............................... 30Part 3: CONSTERACTION COSTS AND SELLING PRICE OF BUILDINGS ................... 323.1 Consternation Costs ........................................................ 323.2 Selling Prices of Buildings .............................................. 46Part 4: TARIFFS ............................................................................................................... 484.1 Electricity Tariffs .............................................................. 484.1.1 Energy Tariffs ................................................................................................... 484.1.2 Service Charges ............................................................................................... 494.2 Water Tariffs ..................................................................... 504.3 Ethio-Telecom Tariffs ....................................................... 504.3.1 Residential Tariff .............................................................................................. 514.3.2 Enterprise Tariff ................................................................................................ 55FactorCostsII 4.3.3 Fax Services .................................................................................................... 604.3.4 Telex Services .................................................................................................. 614.3.5 Telegram Services ........................................................................................... 614.3.6 Mobile (GSM) Services .................................................................................... 624.3.7 CDMA 2000 Services ....................................................................................... 63Part 5: TAXES .................................................................................................................. 655.1 Customs Duty ................................................................... 655.2 Value Added Tax (VAT) .................................................... 665.3 Turnover Tax ....................................................................................................... 675.4 Excise Tax ........................................................................................................... 675.5 Business Income Tax ....................................................... 685.5.1 Income Tax on Individual Entities /Unincorporated Business ........................... 685.5.2 Corporate Income Tax ..................................................................................... 695.6 Rental Income Tax .............................................................................................. 695.7 Personal Income Tax ....................................................... 695.8 Export Tax ......................................................................... 695.9 Mining Income Tax ........................................................... 705.10 Other Income Taxes ....................................................... 705.11 Withholding Tax ............................................................. 705.12 Stamp Duty ..................................................................... 71Part 6: TRANSPORT COSTS .......................................................................................... 726.1 Road transport tariffs ....................................................... 726.1.1 Dry cargo transport changes ........................................................................ 726.1.2 Passenger transport charges ........................................................................... 726.2 Sea transport tariffs ......................................................... 736.3 Clearance and Delivery Costs ......................................... 806.4 Air Transport Tariffs ......................................................... 81Part 7: FUEL PRICES ...................................................................................................... 84Part 8: HOTEL ROOM AND HOUSING RENTAL CHARGES .......................................... 858.1 Hotel room charges .......................................................... 858.2 Housing rental charges ................................................... 86Part 9: COSTS OF ADVERTISING .................................................................................. 879.1 Advertising on Television ................................................ 879.1.1 ETV1 Commercials price ................................................................................. 879.1.2 ETV2 Commercials Price ................................................................................. 88FactorCostsIII 9.1.3 ETV3 Commercials Price ................................................................................. 899.2 Advertising on Radio ....................................................... 909.2.1 National Service ............................................................................................... 909.2.2 FM Addis 97.1 .................................................................................................. 919.3 Advertising on Newspapers ............................................ 92Part 10: COST OF POSTAL SERVICES ....................................................................... 9410.1 Domestic postal service charges ................................. 9410.2 International postal service charges ............................ 9610.3 Charges for other Postal services .............................. 100Part 11: INSPECTION AND MARKING FEES OF ETHIOPIAN STANDARDS .............. 107Part 12: CHARGES FOR INVESTMENT SERVICES .................................................... 108Part 13: BANKING CHARGES AND LENDING RATES ................................................. 10913.1 Bank Charges ............................................................... 10913.2 Lending Rates ............................................................... 111 FactorCosts A Tables ..................................................................................... pages Table 1- 1 Periods of payment of urban land lease prices by region and activity ............... 2Table 1- 2Minimum urban land - lease prices in Addis Ababa ......................................... 3Table 1- 3Minimum urban land- lease prices in Tigray ..................................................... 4Table 1- 4for 10 and above housing units ........................................................................ 4Table 1- 5Duration of urban land- lease holdings for different types of investments ........ 4Table 1- 6 Minimum lease prices of urban land for residential houses ............................... 5Table 1- 7Minimum lease prices of urban land for hotels ................................................. 5Table 1- 8 Minimum lease prices of urban land for resorts ................................................. 5Table 1- 9 Minimum lease prices of urban land for trade and similar services ................... 6Table 1- 10 Minimum lease prices of urban land for industry ............................................. 6Table 1- 11 Minimum lease prices of urban land for social services ................................ 6Table 1- 12Floor rates of urban land for real estate ......................................................... 7Table 1- 13Minimum rental prices of urban land for trade and similar services ................ 7Table 1- 14 Rental prices of urban land for education, research center, culture and Sports centers and similar services ............................................................................................... 7Table 1- 15Rental prices of urban land for residential houses ......................................... 8Table 1- 16 Rental prices of urban land for industry ........................................................... 8Table 1- 17Grades of towns and land in Amhara ............................................................. 9Table 1- 18 List of towns from grade 4 to 1-A ................................................................ 10Table 1- 19Minimum lease prices of urban land in Amhara ........................................... 10Table 1- 20 Rental prices of urban land where lease holding is not applicable ................ 11Table 1- 21 Rental prices of urban land for residential houses ........................................ 11Table 1- 22 Rental prices of urban land for industry ......................................................... 12Table 1- 23 Rental prices of urban land for Agriculture .................................................. 12Table 1- 24 Grade of towns of urban land ........................................................................ 12Table 1- 25Minimum lease prices of urban land for different Investment activities ........ 12Table 1- 26 Minimum rental prices of urban land for different Investment activities ......... 13Table 1- 27 Rental prices of urban land for residential houses ........................................ 14Table 1- 28Rental prices of urban land for residential houses ....................................... 14Table 1- 29Minimum lease prices of urban land by grade and zone .............................. 15Table 1- 30Lease prices of land by grade of town and investment activity ..................... 15Table 1- 31 Duration of urban land lease by area of activity and grade of town ............. 15Table 1- 32Lease prices of urban land by grade of town, plot size and grade of land .... 16Table 1- 33 Rental prices of rural land for agricultural projects ........................................ 16Table 1- 34 Rental prices of rural land for agricultural projects ........................................ 17Table 1- 35 Rental price of rural land by investment activity .......................................... 17Table 1- 36 Rental duration of rural land by plot sizeand agricultural activity ............... 18Table 1- 37 Zone and district level minimum rental prices of rural land forirrigated andrain-fed agriculture ........................................................................................................... 19Table 1- 38 Rental duration of rural land by plot size and agricultural activity .............. 22Table 1- 39Rural prices of land by grade in SNNPRS .................................................... 23Table 1- 40 Rental price of rural land by investment activity in SNNPRS ......................... 23Table 1- 41 Rental duration of rural land by plot size, level of development and agricultural activity ............................................................................................................ 24FactorCostsB Table 1- 42Rental prices of rural land by Wereda .......................................................... 25Table 1- 43 Rental prices of rural land by zone and grade of land ................................. 26Table 1- 44 Land incentivesgranted by Oromia Regional State by type of agricultural Investment activity ............................................................................................................ 26 Table 2- 1 Civil service salary scale ................................................................................. 31 Table 3- 1 Cost of excavation and earth works ................................................................ 32Table 3- 2 Cost of masonry works .................................................................................... 33Table 3- 3 Cost of concrete works .................................................................................... 33Table 3- 4 Cost of reinforcements .................................................................................... 33Table 3- 5 Form works ..................................................................................................... 33Table 3- 6 Cost of block work ........................................................................................... 34Table 3- 7 Cost of block work ........................................................................................... 35Table 3- 8 Cost of carpentry and joinery .......................................................................... 36Table 3- 9 Cost of metal works ......................................................................................... 37Table 3- 10 Cost of glazing works .................................................................................... 37Table 3- 11 Cost of finishing works .................................................................................. 38Table 3- 12 Cost of painting works ................................................................................... 41Table 3- 13 Cost of sanitary Installation ........................................................................... 41Table 3- 14 Cost of electrical installations ABC for distribution boards............................ 43Table 3- 15 Cost of painting ............................................................................................. 45Table 3- 16 Average selling prices of type A middle class apartments .......................... 46Table 3- 17 Average selling prices of type D middle class apartments .......................... 46Table 3- 18 Average selling prices of villas in Addis Ababa ............................................. 47Table 3- 19 Average selling prices apartment buildings in Addis Ababa .......................... 47Table 3- 20 Average selling prices of villas in Addis Ababa ............................................. 47 Table 4 - 1 Energy tariff rates by different user categories ............................................... 48Table 4- 2 Service charges by different user categories .................................................. 49Table 4- 3 Charges by monthly water consumption ......................................................... 50Table 4- 4 Monthly counter rent by water counter ............................................................ 50Table 4- 5 Mobile (GSM and CDMA2000) charges (Birr) ................................................. 51Table 4- 6(GSM, CDMA 2000 and WCDMA) Mobile to Mobile, Mobile to Fixed and Fixed to Mobile Local Calling Rate (Birr) .................................................................................... 51Table 4- 7 SMS Usage charge (Birr/SMS) ....................................................................... 51Table 4- 8 CDMA Usage charge (Birr) ............................................................................. 51Table 4- 9 WCDMA/3G mobile subscription and related charge (Birr) ............................. 52Table 4- 10Video call usage charge (Birr/minute) ........................................................ 52Table 4- 11 MMS: Usage fee (Birr) .................................................................................. 52Table 4- 12 CDMA (2000) 1x data (Birr) ........................................................................... 52Table 4- 13 Usage Charge for CDMA (2000) 1X data only .............................................. 53Table 4- 14 EVDO Package and Pricing .......................................................................... 53Table 4- 15 ADSL Package and pricing business and residential (Capped bundle) ........ 53Table 4- 16 Charges for dialup internet services .............................................................. 53Table 4- 17 Fixed line subscription fee ............................................................................. 54FactorCostsC Table 4- 18 Fixed line usage charge ................................................................................ 54Table 4- 19 Bulk SMS charges for commercial and non-commercial purpose (Birr) ........ 54Table 4- 20 Call charges for CDMA 2000 fixed (limited mobility) (Birr) ............................ 55Table 4- 21 GOTA Services charge ................................................................................. 55Table 4- 22 Inbound roamers-international call tariff ........................................................ 55Table 4- 23 Roaming-incoming call tariff .......................................................................... 55Table 4- 24 International tariff for calls to satellite ............................................................ 56Table 4- 25 Fax Service ................................................................................................... 56Table 4- 26 ADSL (Fixed Broad-Band Internet) ............................................................... 56Table 4- 27 BB Internet and VPN Unlimited usage and access Charge (Birr) .................. 57Table 4- 28 Value add services (VAS) on GSM & WCDMA Charge (Birr) ....................... 57Table 4- 29 Value add services (VAS) on CDMA2000 Mobile ......................................... 58Table 4- 30 Value add services (VAS) on other services ................................................. 58Table 4- 31 Value add services (VAS) on the Internet ..................................................... 58Table 4- 32 Value add services (VAS) on the Internet ..................................................... 59Table 4- 33 Value add services (VAS) and supplementary services on fixed line ............ 59Table 4- 34 short code service charge ............................................................................. 60Table 4- 35 Access fee and rental payment ..................................................................... 60Table 4- 36 Fax usage charge ......................................................................................... 60Table 4- 37 Access and monthly rental payment ............................................................. 61Table 4- 38Inter-urban call charges................................................................................ 61Table 4- 39 Telegram charges by destination .................................................................. 61Table 4- 40Matrix of mobile (GSM, CDMA and WCDMA) to mobile call charges (Birr) .. 62Table 4- 41Matrix of mobile to fixed or fixed to mobile call charges (Birr) ...................... 62Table 4- 42 Transfer Charges from post-paid to pre-paid (Birr) ....................................... 62Table 4- 43 Call charges for CDMA 2000 (full mobility) to fixed (limited mobility) or vice versa ............................................................................................................... 63Table 4- 44 Call charges for CDMA2000 (full mobility) to fixed (Limited mobility) orvice versa(Birr) ....................................................................................................... 63Table 4- 45 Customer support service charges for Fixed CDMA 2000 ............................ 64 Table 5- 1 Custom duty rates of some selected goods .................................................... 65Table 5- 2 Excise tax rates by types of goods .................................................................. 67Table 5- 3 Income tax rates of unincorporated businesses by income category .............. 68Table 5- 4 Rental tax rates by income category ............................................................... 69Table 5- 5 Personal income tax rates by income category ............................................... 69Table 5- 6 Incomes tax rates by type of income ............................................................... 70Table 5- 7 Stamp duty charges by types of instruments ................................................... 71Table 5- 8 Special customs tariff rates applicable to goods produced in and imported from COMESA member countries ........................................................................... 71 Table 6- 1 Passenger transport charges by destination and grade of transportation ....... 72Table 6- 2 European ports FOB tariff rates ...................................................................... 74Table 6- 3 FOB tariff rates from Middle- East, Gulf and Indian ports to Djibouti ............... 75Table 6- 4 FOB tariff rate from some American Countries and USA ................................ 76FactorCostsD Table 6- 5 FOB tariff rate for vehicles, steel and general cargoes from Sharjah and Mumbai ports to Djibouti ................................................................................. 76Table 6- 6 For East ports tariff rates ................................................................................. 78Table 6- 7 Chinese ports tariff rates ................................................................................. 79Table 6- 8 Promotional sea freight offer for imports to be used in Re-export ................... 80Table 6- 9 Charges for import cargo (USD) ...................................................................... 80Table 6- 10 Charges general cargos ................................................................................ 80Table 6- 11 Charges for export cargo............................................................................... 80Table 6- 12 Freight air transport charges to Europe/ America .......................................... 81Table 6- 13 Freight air transport charges to the Middle East and Asea............................ 82Table 6- 14 Freight air transport charges to Africa ........................................................... 82 Table 7- 1 Fuel retail prices for one month in Addis Ababa as of J anuary 10, 2012 ........ 84 Table 8- 1 Hotel room charge by type of room ................................................................. 85Table 8- 2 Discounts for business buildings by grade of location ..................................... 86Table 8- 3 Rental Price of government houses ................................................................ 86 Table 9- 1 Charges by type of service for domestic products Amharic............................. 87Table 9- 2 Charge for theater and film tariffs Amharic ...................................................... 87Table 9- 3 Charges for using other languages ................................................................. 87Table 9- 4 Frequency discount ......................................................................................... 88Table 9- 5 Charges by type of service foreign products ................................................... 88Table 9- 6 Advertisement product charges ....................................................................... 88Table 9- 7 Charges by type of service .............................................................................. 88Table 9- 8 Charges for theater and film tariffs .................................................................. 89Table 9- 9 Charges by type of service .............................................................................. 89Table 9- 10 Charges by type of service for small scale industry ...................................... 89Table 9- 11 Charges by type of Products ......................................................................... 89Table 9- 12 Frequency discount ....................................................................................... 89Table 9- 13 Charges for domestic products ..................................................................... 90Table 9- 14 Charges for foreign products ......................................................................... 90Table 9- 15 Frequency discount ....................................................................................... 90Table 9- 16 Charges of advertisement in Amharic ........................................................... 91Table 9- 17 Charges of advertisement in other languages ............................................... 91Table 9- 18 Charges for public advertisement within direct transmission program .......... 91Table 9- 19 Frequency discount ....................................................................................... 92Table 9- 20 Charges for advertising in the Ethiopian Herald and Addis Zemen ............... 92Table 9- 21 Charges for advertising in the Berissa and A-Alem ....................................... 92Table 9- 22 Charges for advertising in Fortune News Paper ............................................ 93Table 9- 23 Charges for advertising in Amharic and English News paper of Reporter ..... 93 Table 10- 1 Inland postal tariff with auxiliary service charges (Birr) ................................. 94Table 10- 2 Inland charges for other postal services ........................................................ 94Table 10- 3 Charges for documents ................................................................................. 95Table 10- 4 Charges for packages ................................................................................... 95FactorCostsE Table 10- 5 foreign postal tariff with auxiliary service charges (Birr) .............................. 96Table 10- 6 Charges for packages ................................................................................. 96Table 10- 7 Inclusive charges for packages (Birr) ............................................................ 97Table 10- 8 Charges for documents ................................................................................. 97Table 10- 9 Inclusive charges for documents (Birr) .......................................................... 98Table 10- 10 Lists of countries and postal zones ............................................................. 99Table 10- 11 Charges for other items ............................................................................. 100Table 10- 12 charge by weight of material for different countries (Birr) .......................... 100 Table 11- 1Inspection and marking fees by type of products ....................................... 107 Table 12- 1 Service charges by types of services and delivery time .............................. 108 Table 13- 1 CAST (Customer Account and transaction Service) Domestic banking charges ...................................................................................................... 109Table 13- 2 Trade Service TC (Foreign banking charges) ............................................. 110Table 13- 3 loan processing ........................................................................................... 111 FactorCosts a PREFACE The Ethiopian investment Agency (EIA) regularly issues a publication on factor costs in the country with the aim to assist investors in the preparation of investment projects. In view of this, the Agency hopes that investors will benefit from this publication in their efforts to establish successful businesses in Ethiopia.

As the Agency continues to publish revised versions of the publication, any comments or suggestions are most welcome. Finally, we would like to let users of this publication know that it is also available on the Agencys website, www.ethioinvest.org. Ethiopian Investment Agency Addis Ababa FactorCosts 1 Part 1: COST OF LAND Under the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, land is the property of the State and the peoples of Ethiopia. Urban and rural land is available for investment on lease- hold and rental basis respectively. In some regions, urban land is also available on rental basis. 1.1UrbanLand 1.1.1 Lease Holding In conformity with a master plan or guidelines of a city, urban land is permitted to be held on lease by auction. Minimum price of urban land will be determined by auction. Lease-hold title deed will be conferred on a person to whom urban land is permitted. A) Duration and renewal of lease holding AccordingtoRegulationNo.29/2010(Re-EnactmentofUrbanLandsLeaseHoldingin Addis Ababa), the duration of lease for urban land varies depending on the level of urban development and a sector or the type of development activity on which land is held by lease. Thedurationofleasemay,upontheterminationthereof,berenewedasperthe agreementtobereachedbetweentheleaserandthelessee,unlesstheurbanlandis needed for public purpose. Where the lease agreement is not renewed upon termination on account of the land being wanted for public interest, compensation shall not be paid to the lease hold possessor.B) Rights of lease holding Anylease-holdpossessormaytransfer,orundertakeasuretyonhisrightsoflease- hold, and he may also use it as a capital contribution to the amount of the lease payment he has made.C) Modalities of payment Lease-pricepaymentmaybemadewhollyatthesigningoftheleasecontractor periodically with bank compound interest on the unpaid balance. A person, to whom lease - hold of urban land is permitted: must make advance payment not less than 5 percent of the total lease payment; shallmakepaymentseveryyear,andtheyearlypaymentshallamounttothe average price of the remaining lease payment divided over the period of payment; and shall pay interest over the remaining payment as per the rate of interest on loan offered by banks. FactorCosts2 The periods of payment of urban land - lease prices vary from region to region and on the type of investment activity as shown in the following table. Table 1- 1 Periods of payment of urban land lease prices by region and activity Region /Name of City Area of activity Period of payment Addis Ababa City Administration Private dwelling housesWithin 30 years IndustryWithin 20 years Hospital and universityWithin 20 years 4 star hotel and aboveWithin 20 years othersWithin 20 years Amhara National Regional State (Bahir Dar, Dessie, Gonder) Private dwelling houseWithin 99 years Privatehousingthroughauctionor negotiation Within 50 years Socialdevelopmentandcultural undertakings (Health, Education ) Within 40 years IndustryWithin 40 years CommerceWithin 30 years House for rentWithin 40 years land with 15 years lease period Within 10 years Oromiya National Regional State Residential house, Industry,Trade and other services, Education,scienceandtechnology, Health , culture, sports and others The maximum land holding period is 80 to 99 years with a minimum holding period of 30 years. Payment for lease holding is effected within 40 years; and within 30 years for holding less than 40 years. Tigray National Regional State Residential house, Industry,Trade and other services, Education,scienceandtechnology, Health ,culture , sports and others. 15 to 99 years depending on the sector of development SNNPRSPrivate dwelling houses, Industry, Business. Within 50 years for 1st and 2nd grade of town Within 60 years for 3rd and 4th grade of town Industry, Business, social service , Rental Dwelling houses, Other service. Within 40 years for 1st and 2nd grade of town Within 50 years for 3rd and 4th grade of town Urban Agriculture.Within 8 years for 1st and 2nd grade of town Within 10 years for 3rd and 4th grade of town Miniandsmallscalecommercial enterprise . Within 3years for 1st , 2nd , 3rdand 4th grade of town FactorCosts3 D) Utilization of urban land Any person, to whom lease - holding of urban land is permitted, must begin to use the land for the prescribed activity within the period of time set by regulations. 1.1.2 Minimum Lease and Rental Prices of Urban Land in Some Regions Theminimumpriceofurbanlandisdeterminedpriortoitspossessiononauctionor through negotiation.The minimum lease and rental prices of urban land in some regions of the country are presented below: A) Addis Ababa City AdministrationThe Addis Ababa city administration has graded lease land and allocated initial prices as shown in the following table: Table 1- 2Minimum urban land - lease prices in Addis Ababa No.Zone Grade of Lease Land Minimum price ( Birr /M2) Multipliers to determine prices by width of roads(meter) No roadLess than 10 10 up to 20Above 20 1 Central Business Zone 116861.21.51.71.9 215351.21.51.71.9 313231.21.51.71.9 410851.21.51.71.9 58941.21.51.71.9 2 Transitional Business Zone 110351.21.31.41.5 29351.21.31.41.5 38091.21.31.41.5 46851.21.31.41.5 55551.21.31.41.5 3 Expansion Zone 135511.21.31.4 229911.21.31.4 321711.21.31.4 419111.21.31.4 Source: Addis Ababa City Government land Administration and Building Permit B)Tigray National Regional State In Tigray regional State, industrial zones are established in five towns, namely Mekele, Adigrat, Adwa, Axum and Endaselasse. The Regional State has set lease prices for the industrialzonesandrealestate.Thepricesforindustrialzonesvaryfrom0.30to0.80 Birr/M2 /year,whilethepricesforrealestatevaryfrom0.60to1.00Birr/M2 /Year.The following table shows the initial lease prices for both the industrial zones and real estate development. FactorCosts4 Table 1- 3Minimum urban land- lease prices in Tigray To encourage real estate development in the region grace periods are also applicable on the initial lease price (Table 1.4). Table 1- 4for 10 and above housing units Housing Unit1st gade town (Mekele) 2nd grade towns (OutsideMekele) Grace period10-25 HousesG+1Villa3year 26-40 HousesG+1Villa4 year 41-50 HousesG+1Villa5 year C) Oromiya National Regional State I. Lease holdinga) Grading of lease towns in Oromiya In Oromia National Regional State, urban land is graded into two as follows: 1st Gradeleasetownsandareas:Burayu,Sebeta,Menagesha,Holeta,Sululta, Sendafa-Bekke,Legetafo-Leg-Dadi,Gelan,Dukam,Bishoftu,Modjo,Adama, Shasehemene, Dalle (Langano, Abiyata and shala lakes area). 2ndGrade lease Towns:Nekemte, J imma, Asella, Ambo, Weliso, Aweday, Arsi Negele,Meki, Bishan - Gari and Batu (Ziway). b) Duration of lease holding The duration of urban land- lease holdings in Oromiya for different types of investment activities are shown in Table 5 below. Table 1- 5Duration of urban land- lease holdings for different types of investments No.Area ofactivityGrade of town 1st2nd3rd4th 1Residential House99999999 2Industry80808080 3Trade and other services70707070 4Education, Science and technology, Health, Culture and sports99999999 5Others70707070 No.TownLease price (Birr/M2/Year) Investment Project Industrial other 1Mekele0.800.1 2Adigrat0.400.60 3Axum0.400.60 4Endaselasse0.400.60 5Adwa0.400.60 FactorCosts5 c) Lease prices of land Landleasepricesbygradeoftown,typeofsiteandareaofactivityarepresentedin tables 1.6-1 to 12.Table 1- 6 Minimum lease prices of urban land for residential houses No.Grade of townlot gradePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 11St1St8.40 2nd7.80 3rd7.20 22nd1St5.40 2nd5.10 3rd4.80 Table 1- 7Minimum lease prices of urban land for hotels No.Area of activityGrade of townPlot gradePrice ( Birr/m2 / year)

1 3-Star Hotel 1St113.60 212.80 312.00 2nd19.60 28.80 38.00 2 4-Star Hotel 1St111.90 211.20 310.50 2nd18.40 27.70 37.00 3 5-Star Hotel 1St110.20 29.60 39.00 2nd17.20 26.60 36.00 Table 1- 8 Minimum lease prices of urban land for resorts No.Type of siteResorts Star ratePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 1 Beach Area in towns 312.80 412.00 59.60 2 Resort in Towns 312.00 49.60 58.80 3 Hot spring 38.00 47.30 56.60 4 Historical sites 36.30 46.00 55.70 5 Parks 35.40 45.10 54.80 34.50 FactorCosts6 No.Type of siteResorts Star ratePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 6Others44.20 53.90 Table 1- 9 Minimum lease prices of urban land for trade and similar services No.Grade of townPlot gradePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 11St1St14.45 2nd13.60 3rd12.75 22nd1St10.20 2nd9.35 3rd8.50 Table 1- 10 Minimum lease prices of urban land for industryNoArea of activityGrade of TownPlot gradePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 1 Manufacturing 1St26.50 35.85 2nd24.55 33.90 2 Agro-Industry 1St27.00 36.30 2nd24.90 34.20 3 Others 1St27.50 36.75 2nd25.25 34.50 Table 1- 11 Minimum lease prices of urban land for social services NoGrade of townPlot gradePrice (Birr/m2 / year) 11St1St7.70 2nd7.00 3rd6.30 22nd1St5.60 2nd4.90 3rd4.20 FactorCosts7 Table 1- 12Floor rates of urban land for real estate NoGrade of townPlot gradePrice ( Birr/m2 / year) 11St1St12.00 2nd9.60 3rd8.00 22nd1St6.40 2nd5.12 3rd4.11 II. Rental holdingIn Oromiya region, urban land is also available on rental basis. The minimum rental prices of urban land for different investment activities are shown in Tables 1.13-1.16 bellow. Table 1- 13Minimum rental prices of urban land for trade and similar services Table 1- 14 Rental prices of urban land for education, research center, culture and Sports centers and similar services

Grade of town Plot grade Land size ( m2) Up to 500501- 10001001-1,5001,500- 2000Above 2000 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) 1St1St2.502.602.702.802.90 2nd2.302.402.502.602.70 3rd2.102.202.302.402.50 2nd1St2.002.102.202.302.40 2nd1.801.902.002.102.20 Grade of town Plot grade Land size ( m2) Up to 500501- 10001001-1,5001,500- 2000Above 2000 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) 1St1St3.003.103.203.303.40 2nd2.502.602.702.802.90 3rd2.002.102.202.302.40 2nd1St1.902.002.102.202.30 2nd1.701.801.902.002.10 3rd1.501.601.701.801.90 3rd1St1.201.301.401.501.60 2nd1.001.101.201.301.40 3rd0.800.901.001.101.20 4th1St0.800.901.001.101.20 2nd0.600.700.800.901.00 3rd0.400.500.600.700.80 FactorCosts8

Grade of town Plot grade Land size ( m2) Up to 500501- 10001001-1,5001,500- 2000Above 2000 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) 3rd1.601.701.801.902.00 3rd1St1.601.701.801.902.00 2nd1.401.501.601.701.80 3rd1.201.301.401.501.60 4th1St1.201.301.401.501.60 2nd1.001.101.201.301.40 3rd0.800.901.001.101.20 Table 1- 15Rental prices of urban land for residential houses Grade of town Plot grade Land size ( m2) Up to 200201-500501-750751-10001001-1250Above 1250 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) 1St1St0.800.961.121.281.441.60 2nd0.640.800.961.121.281.44 3rd0.480.640.800.961.121.28 2nd1St0.640.800.961.121.281.44 2nd0.480.640.800.961.121.28 3rd0.320.480.640.800.961.12 3rd1St0.480.640.800.961.121.28 2nd0.320.480.640.800.961.12 3rd0.160.320.480.640.800.96 4th1St0.320.480.640.800.961.12 2nd0.160.320.480.640.800.96 3rd0.120.160.320.480.640.80 Table 1- 16 Rental prices of urban land for industry Type of Industry Grade of town Plot grade Land size (m2) Up to 500501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000Above 2000 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) Manufacturing 111.631.691.761.821.89 21.431.451.561.621.69 31.231.291.361.421.49 211.281.341.411.471.54 21.081.141.211.271.34 30.880.941.011.071.14 310.930.991.061.121.19 20.730.790.860.920.99 30.500.590.660.720.79 4 10.580.640.710.770.84 20.380.440.510.570.64 30.180.240.310.370.44 111.751.821.891.962.03 21.551.621.691.761.83 31.351.421.491.561.63 FactorCosts9 Type of Industry Grade of town Plot grade Land size (m2) Up to 500501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000Above 2000 Rental price (Birr/m2 / year) Agro-industry 211.451.521.591.661.73 21.251.631.391.461.53 31.051.121.191.261.33 311.151.221.291.361.43 20.951.021.091.161.23 30.750.820.890.961.03 410.850.920.991.061.13 20.650.720.790.860.93 30.450.520.590.660.73 Others111.881.952.032.102.18 21.681.751.831.901.98 31.481.551.631.701.78 211.631.701.781.851.93 21.431.501.571.651.73 31.231.301.371.451.53 311.381.451.531.601.68 21.181.251.331.401.48 30.961.051.131.201.28 411.131.201.281.351.43 20.931.001.081.151.23 30.730.800.880.951.03 D) Amhara National Regional State I. Lease holding The towns to which urban land lease-holding system currently applies in the region are Bahir Dar, Dessie, and Gonder. a) Grading of lease towns in Amhara Thetownsintheregionareclassifiedinto5gradesandthegradesoflandineach classification are divided from 1 to 5 and 1 to 3 as shown in the following table. Table 1- 17Grades of towns and land in Amhara Grade of town Number of grade of Land 4 ( Highestof all)1 to 5 31 to 5 21 to 5 1-A1 to 3 1-B (Lowest of all)1 to 3 Some towns of the region by their corresponding grades are presented in the following table. FactorCosts10 Table 1- 18 List of towns from grade 4 to 1-A No.ZoneTownGrade of town 1Bahir DarBahir Dar4 2North GonderGonder4 3South WelloDessie4 4East GojamDebre Markos3 5North ShewaDebre Birhan3 6South WelloCombolcha3 7South GonderDebre Tabor2 8North WelloWoldiya2 9East GojamMota2 10AwiDangla2 11West GojamFinote Selam2 12AwiChagni2 13North WelloKobo1-A 14North ShewaShewa Robit1-A 15North ShewaMehal Meda1-A 16North ShewaDebre Sina1-A 17South GonderAddis Zemen1-A 18South GonderWoreta1-A 19North GonderDebarik1-A 20North GonderDabat1-A 21West GojamBure1-A 22West GojamJ iga1-A 23East GojamDejen1-A 24East GojamBichena1-A 25OromiyaBati1-A 26South WelloHayik1-A b) Lease prices of urban land Minimumleasepricesofurbanlandbygradeandtypeofactivityarepresentedinthe following table. Table 1- 19Minimum lease prices of urban land in Amhara Grade of townGrade of land Initial lease price by type of activity( Birr/M2/year) CommerceIndustryCooperatives/ service Residence 4180.060.040.020.0 268.5651.4234.2817.14 345.7034.2822.8511.42 422.8517.1411.425.71 511.428.575.712.85 3172.6054.4536.3018.15 262.2246.6731.1115.55 341.4831.1120.7410.36 420.7415.5510.375.18 510.377.775.182.59 2163.8147.8631.9015.95 254.6941.0228.0313.67 FactorCosts11 Grade of townGrade of land Initial lease price by type of activity( Birr/M2/year) CommerceIndustryCooperatives/ service Residence 336.6427.3418.689.11 418.3213.679.344.55 59.166.834.672.27 1-A136.8027.6118.409.20 226.5319.9013.266.63 322.2416.6911.125.03 1-B133.7325.3116.858.43 224.3118.2412.148.07 320.3915.2910.185.08 II. Rental holdingInAmhararegion,urbanlandisalsoavailableonrentalbasis.Rentallandholdingis applicable in those towns where lease holding is not applicable. The rental prices of urban landfordifferentinvestmentactivitiesandresidentialhousesbygradeoflandare presented in the following tables. Table 1- 20 Rental prices of urban land where lease holding is not applicable Grade of townArea of activityPrice ( Birr/year by grade of land) 1st2nd3rd4th5th 4Commerce0.250.180.120.100.08 Industry0.200.150.110.080.05 Social Service 0.180.130.090.050.03 3Commerce0.200.150.120.090.06 Industry0.150.130.100.070.04 Social Service0.140.120.080.040.03 2Commerce0.180.140.100.080.05 Industry0.120.110.090.060.03 Social Service0.110.100.070.030.02 1-ACommerce0.150.120.09-- Industry0.100.090.08-- Social Service0.090.080.06-- 1-BCommerce0.120.100.08-- Industry0.090.080.07-- Social Service0.080.070.05-- Table 1- 21 Rental prices of urban land for residential houses Grade of town Price ( Birr/M2/yearby grade of land) 1st2nd3rd4th5th 40.170.120.080.040.02 30.130.110.070.030.01 40.100.090.060.020.01 1-A0.080.070.05 1-B0.070.060.04 FactorCosts12 Table 1- 22 Rental prices of urban land for industry Area of activity Price ( Birr/M2/yearby Grade of town) 4321 Industry0.750.500.400.30 Table 1- 23 Rental prices of urban land for Agriculture Grade of town Price ( Birr/M2/yearby grade of land) 1st2nd3rd4th5th 40.500.250.150.100.05 30.250.150.100.050.03 40.150.100.050.030.02 1-A0.100.050.03 1-B0.050.030.01 E) Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) I. Lease holding Intheregiontowneinwhichleasepriceareapplicableandminimumleasepricesfor different investment activities are presented in Tables 1.24 and 1.25 respectively. Table 1- 24 Grade of towns of urban land Table 1- 25Minimum lease prices of urban land for different Investment acti vitiesGrade of town Plot grade Price (Birr/M2/year by grade of plot)CommerceIndustrySocial serviceResidencefor rental Apartments 1st1st3.821.331.531.071.80 2nd3.061.061.220.861.58 3rd2.450.850.980.681.20 4th1.950.80 0.88 0.55 0.922nd1st2.250.861.040.68 2nd1.800.700.810.55 3rd1.440.550.650.44 4th1.130.40 0.48 0.283rd1st1.620.620.730.48 2nd1.300.500.580.38 3rd0.970.37 0.44 0.284th1st1.300.500.580.38 2nd1.040.400.460.30 3rd0.880.30 0.35 0.22 II. Rental holdingIn the region, urban land is also available on rental basis. The minimum rental prices of urban land for different investment activities are shown in Tables 1.26 - 1. 28 bellow. Grade oftown Name of town 1stAwassa2ndArba Minich , Dilla , Hossana and Wolaiyta Sodo3rdYirga Alem, ,Wolkite and Butajira4thAlaba, FactorCosts13 Table 1- 26 Minimum rental prices of urban land for different Investment acti vities Grade of town Plot grade Rental price (Birr/m2 / year ) CommerceIndustrySocial serviceResidencefor rental Apartments 1st1st t1.951.051.100.550.80 1.800.951.000.500.76 1.640.860.900.440.72 2nd1.620.850.880.420.70 1.450.800.800.400.68 1.320.700.700.340.64 3rd1.300.650.680.330.62 1.200.550.600.300.60 1.120.500.500.280.58 4th1.100.460.480.260.56 1.000400.450.240.54 0.900.350.400.220.50 2nd1st t1.630.850.850.48 1.500.700.700.44 1.380.680.660.42 2nd1.350.650.650.38 1.280.550.550.35 1.100.480.520.33 3rd1.080.460.500.32 1.000.400.480.30 0.800.360.440.28 4th0.780.350.400.27 0.700.300.350.26 0.600.250.300.24 3rd1st 1.300.650.650.35 1.100.500.550.32 2nd1.000.450.450.30 0.800.400.400.27 3rd0.700.350.350.26 0.600.250.300.20 4th1st 1.000.450.450.33 0.800400.400.28 2nd0.700.350.400.26 0.650.300.350.22 3rd0.600.250.300.20 0.550.200.250.18 5th1st 0.700.350.350.24 0.550.280.280.20 2nd0.500.240.260.18 0.400.200.220.14 6th1st 0.500.260.300.20 0.400.240.280.16 2nd0.350.220.260.16 0.250.180.220.12 Note: - Residence must be used for the purpose of rental service and its on appropriate location FactorCosts14 Furthermore, the Rental prices of urban land based on the grades of towns and plot sizes are presented below. Table 1- 27 Rental prices of urban land for residential houses Grade of town Land size in meter square Price ( Birr/M2/yearby grade of land) 1st2nd3rd4th 1stUp to 2000.300.280.240.280.240.220.240.220.180.220.180.16 201 3000.320.300.280.300.280.240.280.240.220.240.220.18 301 4000.360.320.300.320.300.280.300.280.240.280.240.22 401 5000.420.360.320.360.320.300.320.300.280.300.280.24 2ndUp to 2000.280.240.220.240.220.180.220.180.160.180.160.14 201 3000.300.280.240.280.240.220.240.220.180.220.180.16 301 4000.320.300.280.300.280.240.280.240.220.240.220.18 401 5000.360.320.300.320.300.280.300.280.240.280.240.22 3rdUp to 2000.240.220.220.180.180.16 201 3000.280.240.240.220.220.18 301 4000.300.280.280.240.240.22 401 5000.320.300.300.280.280.24 4thUp to 2000.220.180.180.160.160.14 201 3000.240.220.220.180.180.16 301 4000.280.240.240.220.220.18 401 5000.300.280.280.240.240.22 Table 1- 28Rental prices of urban land for residential houses

F) Dire Dawa City Council1 According to the Dire Dawa City Administrations lease regulations, urban land is provided by auction negotiation or freely depending on the type of investment activity. The minimum lease prices of urban land by grade and zone are presented in the following table.

1 2008information Plot gradeLand size in meter square Price ( Birr/M2/yearby Grade of town) 5th6th 1stUp to 2000.160.12 201 3500.200.14 351 5000.220.16 2ndUp to 2000.140.8 201 3500.160.10 351 5000.180.12 FactorCosts15 Table 1- 29Minimum lease prices of urban land by grade and zone Grade of land ZoneLease price (Birr/M2 /Year) Houses compensation price( Birr/M2) Leased land and Houses compensation price Birr/M2 1stCentral Business Zone 1 (CBD 1)52.3147.0999.4 Central Business Zone 2 (CBD 2)38.5934.7973.38 Central Business Zone 3 (CBD 3)33.7431.0164.75 2nd Transition Zone 117.0926.843.89 Transition Zone 212.4522.8735.32 Transition Zone 32.855.378.22 IndustryIndustry Zone Spot9.78-9.78 Industry Zone surrounding5.570.466.03 OthersExpansion Zone 11.641.813.45 Expansion Zone 20.50.460.96 G)Gambella Regional State2 Lease prices of urban land in the region depend on type of activity and the grade of land. The lease prices of urban land for industry are shown below. Table 1- 30Lease prices of land by grade of town and investment activity Grade of TownArea of activityPrice ( Birr/M2/Year by Grade of Land) 1stIndustry0.03to0.07 2ndIndustry0.02 H) Somali National Regional State3

a) Period of lease The duration of lease of urban land in Somali region by investment activity and grade of town is shown in the following table. Table 1- 31 Duration of urban land lease by area of activity and grade of town No.Area of activityGrade of town 1st2nd3rd Periods lease 1Residential houses999999 2Real estate999999 3Industry959080 4Education, science and technology, health, culture and sports999999 5Others908070 b) Lease prices of land As shown in the following table, the lease prices of urban land in Somali region depend on grade of town, plot size and grade of land.

2 2008 information32008 information FactorCosts16 Table 1- 32Lease prices of urban land by grade of town, plot size and grade of land Grade of town Land size inm2 Price ( Birr/m2/year by grade of land) 1st2nd3rd4th 1st Up to 5000.120.100.080.06 1001-20000.180.160.140.12 2001-30000.220.200.180.16 3001-40000.260.240.220.20 Above 40000.300.280.260.24 2nd Up to 10000.100.080.06- 1001-20000.160.140.12- 2001-30000.200.180.16- 3001-40000.240.220.20- Above 40000.280.260.24- 3rd Up to 10000.080.06-- 1001-20000.140.12-- 2001-30000.180.16-- 3001-40000.220.20-- Above 40000.260.24-- 1.2RuralLandGenerally, the rental value and the lease period of rural land are determined and fixed by land use regulations of each region. Accordingly, the prices of rural land for some regions are shown below. 1.2.1 Tigray National Regional State As shown in the following table, the rental prices of land for agricultural investment in the rural areas of Tigray are Birr 30-40 per hectare per year. The prices can, however, be revised every 5 years, and the increment will not be more than 20%. Table 1- 33 Rental prices of rural land for agricultural projects 1.2.2 Oromiya NationalRegional StateA)Duration of rent Rural land can be held on rental basis from 20 45 years based on the type, magnitude, and location of project. Location/WoredaPrice in (Birr/hectare/year) Kafita Humera30 Wolikayit30 Tsegede30 Tahitay Adiyabo, Laelay Adiyabo35 Others40 FactorCosts17 B)Rental prices The rental prices of rural land for agriculture have been set based on the development level of the zones and distances from all weather roads. Accordingly, the minimum and maximum annual charges for one hectare of rural land in the region are Birr 70.40 and Birr 135.00 respectively (Table 1.34). Table 1- 34 Rental prices of rural land for agricultural projects Zonal Grade Location Zone Distance from main road in kms and price in Birr/hectare/year Less than 10 11-2526-4041-55Above 55 1StEast Shewa, West Shewa, South-West Shewa and Arsi 135.00129.60124.42119.44114.66 2ndJ imma, North Shewa and East Harerge 114.75110.16105.75101.5297.46 3rdEast Wellega, Horo Guduru Wellega, West Wellega, Harege and Bale 97.5493.6489.8986.2982.83 4thIllubabor, Borena, Guji and West Wellega and Kelem Wellega 82.9179.5976.4173.3570.40 On the other hand, the rental prices of rural land by investment activities are shown in the following table. Table 1- 35 Rental price of rural land by investment activity ActivityPrice in Birr /M2/ Year Industry0.03 0.34 TourismThe same as rural land rent for agricultural projectsForestryFree Note: Land in East Shewa, West Shewa, North Shewa, South West Shewa Zones located within 5 km. radius from main asphalt roads may be offered for industry at a floor rental charge of Birr 0.34 per square meter per year ; and for other zones Birr 0.01/m2/ year for sites up to 5km distance from main roadand 0.03 Birr for a site of more than 5km from main road. 1.2.3 Amhara National Regional State A)Duration of rent In Amhara region, rural land is administered by the Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority. Rural land in the region is allocated to investors on rental basis and the duration of rent based on plot size and type of agricultural activity are presented in Table 1.36 FactorCosts 1 Table 1- 36 Rental duration of rural land by plot sizeand agricultural activity Plot size(Hectare) Seasonal food crops production. Perennial crops Agro- industry Flori-culture Animal husbandry ForestryRain Fed irrigationRain fed irrigationRain fed Irrigatio-ndairy Live stock fating poultryEucalyptustree Other forestry From 1-1058101510152515581525 From 11-100810131810182515581525 From 101-250 1013151813182515582025 From 251-500 1315182013202515582025 From 501-1000 1518202318232515582525 Over 10001821252520252515582525 FactorCosts19 B)Rental prices In Amhara region, the minimum rental prices of rural land for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture at district and zone levels are presented in Table 1.37 bellow. Table 1- 37 Zone and district level minimum rental prices of rural land forirrigated andrain-fed agriculture No. Zone anddistrictFor rain fed agriculture (Birr /hectare /year)For irrigated agriculture (Birr /hectare /year) 1Awee Ankasha Guagussa251438 Banja Shekudad181298 Dangla241418 Fagta Lekoma211368 Guagussa Shekudad231398 Guangua211358 J awi181298 2West Gojam Baher Dar City surroundings 281498 Bure251438 Dega Damot181298 Denbecha241418 Gonge Qolela221378 J abi Tihnan241418 Mecha281498 North Achefer241418 Quarit171278 Sekela161258 South Achefer251438 Wonberma251438 Yilma and Denssa241418 3East Gojam Aneded251438 Awabel251438 Basoliben241418 Bibugn121178 Debytilatgen201338 Debre-elias241418 Dejen241418 Enarj Enawga201338 Enebsse Sarmeder181298 Enemy211358 Goncha Sesso Enesse181298 Gozamen261458 Hulet Eju Enesse211358 FactorCosts20 No. Zone anddistrictFor rain fed agriculture (Birr /hectare /year)For irrigated agriculture (Birr /hectare /year) Machakel261458 Shebel Berentta141218 Senaan241418 4Suth Gonder Dera241418 East Estie161258 Ebennat141218 Fartta211358 Fogerra271478 Upper Gayent141218 Libbo Kemkem261438 Semadda121178 Lower Gayent121178 West Estie 151238 5 North Gonder Addi Arqai151238 Aleffa191318 Beyedda111158 Chilgga231398 Dabat191318 Debark191318 Denbia241418 Qolla(East) Belessa131198 Gonder Town surroundings241418 J ana-amorra141218 Upper Armacho241418 Metema221378 Quarra181298 Lower Armacho201358 Taqussa221378 Tegdie191318 Tellemt111158 Wogerra201338 West Armacho201338 Degga(West) Belessa141218 6Wag Hemrra Aber Gele111158 Dahnna111158 Gazgibla131198 Sehala Seyemt111158 Seqotta town surroundings131198 Zequalla121178 FactorCosts21 No. Zone anddistrictFor rain fed agriculture (Birr /hectare /year)For irrigated agriculture (Birr /hectare /year) 7North wollo Bugnna121178 Dawent141218 Delantta131198 Gidan131198 Gobbalaftto181298 Hanrru181298 Qobbo181298 Lastta131198 Mekiet141218 Wadlla141218 8South wolo Albucco151238 Ambassel151258 Debresinna131198 Dessie Zuria161258 J amma131198 Kallu161258 Kelala121178 Kuttaber161258 Leganmbbo131198 Legehidda131198 Central Sayint111158 Mekdella121178 Sayint111158 Tehulederre161258 Tentta131198 Wegeddi121178 Werrebabbo151238 Werreillu131198 Argobba Nationality161258 9Oromiya Artumma Furssi191318 Batti171278 Dewwa Cheffa Gulla191318 Deway Harewwa161258 Gelle Tummugga181298 10North shoa Angolela and Terra271478 Ankober171278 Antsokia and Gemzza191318 FactorCosts22 No. Zone anddistrictFor rain fed agriculture (Birr /hectare /year)For irrigated agriculture (Birr /hectare /year) Asgert181298 Basso and Werena281498 Berehet181298 Efrattaand Geddem211358 Ensarra and Wayu211358 Geshe131198 Hageremariam-Kesem191318 Qewet221378 Menz-Gerameder141218 Menth -Keyagebrel131198 Menz-Lalomeder131198 Menz-Mammameder141218 Merhabete151298 Menjar-Shenkorra211358 Mojo and Wederra181298 Moret and J irru231398 Siadebre and Wayyu251438 Tarmaber221378 1.2.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) A) Duration of rent Rural land in the region is allocated to investors on rental basis and the duration of rent based on plot size and type of agricultural investment are shown in Table 1.38bellow. Table 1- 38 Rental duration of rural land by plot size and agricultural activity Plot sizeRental period (rain fed agriculture Rental period (irrigated agriculture Mixed agriculture and forestry Livestock farming Others Perennial crops Seasonal crops Perennial crops Seasonal crops Bellow 20035304035352545 200-50040354540403045 Over 50045405045453545 FactorCosts23 B) Rental prices Based on grade of land and the type of investment project, the rental prices of rural land in the region are presented in Tables 1.39 and 1.40 below. Table 1- 39Rural prices of land by grade in SNNPRS No.ZonePrice( Birr/hectar/year) 1st grade land2nd Grade land 1Gammo-Gofa7847 2Sidama11771 3Kefa6338 4Wolayita7847 5Dawuro , Benche Maji , South-Omo,Konta andBasekyto 4930 6Sheka6338 7Gurage10564 8Gedio8652 9Hadiya10362 10Kenbata-Tenbaro10061 11Silte10564 12Konso5236 13Dirashe6338 14Amaro5936 15Burji5836 16Yem6338 17Alaba10061 Table 1- 40 Rental price of rural land by investment activity in SNNPRS ActivityPrice in Birr /M2/ Year Zone Tourism: Volcano water 0.10 Around Awassa zone Parkingand other related service 0.15 The same in all zone and werda rural land Industry0.10 Animal fattening0.05 1.2.5 Benshagul Gumz Ntional Regional State A)Duration of rent Rural land in the region is allocated to investors on rental basis and the duration of rent based on plot size, level of development and type of agricultural activity are presented in Table 1.41 FactorCosts24 Table 1- 41 Rental duration of rural land by plot size, level of development and agricultural activity Plot size (hectare) UncultivatedCultivated Production of milk, fattening and raring of livestock Flouculture Other quick ripening trees Rain fed agricultueIrrigated agriclture Rain fed agricultue Irrigated agriculture Culti vatedUnculti vated Seasonal crops Perennial crops VegatablesFruits and cereal crops Seasonal crops Perennial crops VegetablesFruits and cereal crops Blllow 20025302520 20 25 20 1520 20 25 25201-50030353025 25 30 25 20- 25 30 30Over 50035403530 30 35 30 25- 30 35 35 FactorCosts25 B)Rental prices The rental prices of rural land In Benshangul Gumz region vary from Wereda (district) to Wereda as shown in the following table.

Table 1- 42Rental prices of rural land by Wereda No.Name of WoredaRental price(Birr/hectare/year) 1Asossa70 2Mengai60 3Homosha70 4Sherkole60 5Kururmik50 6Bambasi70 7Odabuldiglu60 8Kamashi60 9Sirba Abay50 10Agalo60 11Yaso60 12Belojganfoy70 13Mandura70 14Dangura70 15Gibba70 16Wenbra60 17Bulen70 18Dibate70 19Pawe 70 20Mao Komo70 FactorCosts26 1.2.6 Somali National Regional State The rental prices of rural land in Somali region vary from zone to zone and by grade of land. The following table shows the rental prices of rural land in the region. Table 1- 43 Rental prices of rural land by zone and grade of land No.ZoneRental price in Birr per hectare/ yearFirst Grade LandSecond Grade Land 1Liben 4527 2J igjiga4528 3Shenele3924 4Gode3823 5Degehabur2717 6Afder2515 7Korahe2314 8Fik2314 9Warder1912 1.3IncentivesRelatedtoLand To encourage investment in selected activities, different types of incentives related to landaregrantedtoinvestors.Theincentivesincludepercentagediscountoninitial leaseprices,provisionofgraceperiodofpayment,provisionoflandforfree,etc.As shown bellow, the types of incentives also vary from region/city to region/city. 1.3.1 Oromiya National Regional State The Oromia region provides rural land with exemption of lease price payments for some years depending on the type of investment activities (Table 1.44). Table 1- 44 Land incentivesgranted by Oromia Regional State by type of agricultural Investment acti vity No.Type of investmentDuration of free rent ( years) 1Coffee, tea, sugarcane, or any other perennial crops on an area ofmore than 100 hectares 4 2Cereals, pulses and oil seeds under rain fed on a land left fallow or virgin for a period of more than 5 years 2 3 3Cereals, pulses and oil seeds under rain fed on a land previously developed but left for at least five years 1 2 4Fruits, vegetables, and produces food crops or oil seeds under irrigation scheme 2 4 5Producing flowers, herbs and spices3 6Producing improved seeds3 FactorCosts27 1.3.2 Amhara National Regional State In the region, some selected projects have got an advantage to own urban land free of charge. Projects with this advantage include the following: a) Industry Producing more than 50% for export. Agro-processing industries Fertilizer, and pesticides manufacturing Pharmaceuticals and related equipment manufacturingAgricultural equipment manufacturingMetal production Manufacturing of cooking ranges Electrical and electronics materials production Non-metallic construction materials production b) Health Higher health center Primary general hospital Medium general hospital Higher general hospital c) Education Kindergarten Elementary school Secondary school Technical and vocational school d) Non- profit making humanitarian organizations e) Investment activities for which land is provided with initial (without auction) lease price are: Ginnery Tannery Starch Production Soft drinks and mineral water production f) Investment activities for which land is provided with initial lease price and grace period are: Residential and commercial housing development Star hotels Tourist lodges FactorCosts28 1.3.3 Tigray National Regional State Investment projects for which land is provided freely as an investment incentive are: Production of nursery Production of rubber and balsam Production of incense and resin Commercial forest DevelopmentLivestock production, processing and preserving of meat, and meat products Dairy farming and processing Poultry farming and processing Manufacture of pesticides and other agro-chemicals and products (must include bulk preparation) Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals, and botanical products Manufacture of glass and glass products Production, processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables Manufacturing of prepared animal feed Manufacturing of wines Tanning and dressing of leather Processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits, ethyl alcohol production from fermented materials Manufacture of wearing apparel except fur apparel Manufacture of leather products and articles Manufacture of leather footwear Technical and vocational training, engineering colleges and higher hospitals Low cost housing Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers Manufacture of electricity distributions and control apparatus Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components 1.3.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) Depending on the type of the project, urban land is provided freely or with discount by negotiation. A grace period of 2 to 7 years may be granted to a person to whom an urban land has been permitted depending on the development activity or the service he is involved in the details shall be specified in guidelines to be issued by the lease Board A grace period of 3 4 years is granted for coffee production. A grace period of up to 6 years is granted for fruits production. A grace period of up to 20 years is granted for forestry.

FactorCosts29 1.3.5 Gambella National Regional State4 Investment Projects for which land is provided freely are: Higher Education KindergartenHealth Real Estate Star Hotels 1.3.6 Benshangul Gumuz National Regional State An investor who invests: in the urban areas of the region may obtain land free of lease; in rain fed agriculture on more than 200 hectaresand on or on less than 200 hectares of uncultivated landto produce cereal crops or oil seeds will be granted income tax exemptions for 2 years and 1 year respectively ; in irrigated agriculture to produce perennial crops such as coffee, mango, orange, apple and similar fruits will be granted an income tax exemption for 3 years; to produce flowers, medicinal plants and spices will be granted an income tax exemption for 3 years; to produce selected seeds will be granted an income tax exemption for 3 years provided that he presents appropriate evidence from an authorized body to this effect; in forestry developmenton un utilized withindigenous trees( excluding eucalyptus ) will be exempted from income tax; and in livestock raring and fatteningwill be exempted from income tax for 2 years. 1. 3.7 Somali National Regional State Depending on the type and importance of the project, rural lad can be provided Free of rent for 5-10 years. 4 2008 information FactorCosts30 Part 2: LABOR COST 2.1 Wages and Salaries at Enterprise Level Wages and salaries vary depending on the size of the enterprise, type of profession and level of skill required. They are determined by agreement between the employer and the employee.Generally,privatesectorsmonthlysalariesforuniversitygraduatesrange from Birr 2,000 to Birr 3,000 and daily unskilled labor wages range from Birr 25 Birr 50. 2.2SalariesofCivilServiceEmployeesThe government of Ethiopia also set minimum wage for civil service employees, which is Birr 320 per month for low skilled labor. The base salary scale for the civil service employees is shown below. FactorCosts31 Table 2- 1 Civil service salary scale Levels SERVICES & GRADESBase salarySTEP SALARIES IN GRADESMaximum salaryCMTCCPSPADPS1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9I1420.00444.00470.00497.00525.00555.00587.00621.00657.00694.00734.00 II211470.00497.00525.00555.00587.00621.00657.00694.00734.00774.00817.00 III3221525.00555.00587.00621.00657.00694.00734.00774.00817.00861.00908.00 IV4332587.00621.00657.00694.00734.00774.00817.00861.00908.00957.001006.00 V5443694.00734.00774.00817.00861.00908.00957.001006.001059.001114.001172.00 VI554817.00861.00908.00957.001006.001059.001114.001172.001233.001295.001359.00 VII665957.001006.001059.001114.001172.001233.001295.001359.001427.001499.001571.00 VIII77611114.001772.001233.001295.001359.001427.001499.001571.001644.001719.001798.00 IX88721295.001359.001427.001499.001571.001644.001719.001798.001881.001968.002058.00 X998311499.001571.001644.001719.001798.001881.001968.002058.002151.002249.002351.00 XI10109421719.001798.001881.001968.002058.002151.002249.002351.002458.002570.002686.00 XII1110531968.002058.002151.002249.002351.002458.002570.002686.002807.002935.003066.00 XIII1211642249.002351.002458.002570.002686.002807.002935.003066.003204.003348.003499.00 XIV12752570.002686.002807.002935.003066.003204.003348.003499.003656.003817.003985.00 XV862934.003066.003204.003348.003499.003656.003817.003985.004160.004343.004535.00 XVI979948.003499.003656.003817.003985.004160.004343.004535.004734.004933.005135.00 XVII83817.003985.004160.004343.004535.004734.004933.005135.005340.005554.005776.00 XVIII94343.004535.004734.004933.005135.005340.005554.005776.005998.006225.006460.00 Key: CM - Castodial and manual service TC - Trade and crafts service CF - Clerical and physical service SP - Sub-professional service AD - Administrative service PS - Professional and scientific service Source: Federal Civil Service Agency FactorCosts 1 Part 3: CONSTERACTION COSTS AND SELLING PRICE OF BUILDINGS 3.1ConsternationCosts

Generally,thetypeofconstructionmaterialsusedthefoundationworkrequired,wall height,andlocationdetermineconstructioncosts.Tables3.13.15showthecurrent average unit construction costs in the country. Table 3- 1 Cost of excavation and earth works No.Description Unit Unitcost120cm. Clearing on loose and dry soil.M22.742Bulk excav. to a depth not exceeding 150 cm on loose and dry soil.18.283Trench excavation not exceeding 150cm. in wet and black soil.18.284Excavation foundation pits to a depth of 150-300cm. in loose soil.31.685Excavation in bulk/found. pits to a depth of 300-450cm and above45.256Excavation in bulk/found. pits to a depth of 450cm and above52.797Excavation on soft rock to a depth not exceeding 150cm42.608Excavation on soft rock to a depth not exceeding 150cm 300cm51.129Excavation on soft rock to a depth not exceeding 300cm 450cm58.2410Excavation on soft rock to a depth not exceeding 450cm and above 67.4811Excavation on hard rock to a depth not exceeding 150cm85.2112Excavation on hard rock to a depth not exceeding 150cm -300cm98.0013Excavation on hard rock to a depth not exceeding 300cm 450cm107.8014Excavation on hard rock to a depth not exceeding 450cm and above118.5615Back fill excavated materials from the site.32.1016Back fill selected excavated mats. From outside the site.80.4317Cart away surplus excavated mats. 1km. from the site.25.3418Cart away surplus excavated mats. 1km and above36.101925cm. thick basaltic hard core. (for villa higher & multi-storey bldg.)M245.432020cm thick basaltic hard core (for lower villas)35.912130cm thick basaltic hard core (for multi-purpose halls and factories)55.53 FactorCosts33 Table 3- 2 Cost of masonry works No.Description Unit UnitCost150cm. Thick Masonry Foundation Below Ground Level (BGL).M3557.35 250 cm Thick Masonry Foundation Above Ground Level (AGL).617.18 3One side dressed elevation wall.719.00 4Two sides dressed elevation wall.737.81 5Water proofing material for substructure over two coats of plastering 188.00 Table 3- 3 Cost of concrete works No.Description Unit Unitcost 1C-5 Lean Concrete (hand mix) -5cm thickM231.77 2C-15 Mass ConcreteM31103.30 3C-20 Concrete1,324.04 4C-25 Concrete for beam Below Ground Level (BGL), foundation column and footings 1,380.02 5C-25 Concrete for beam and slab above 2.0m from Natural ground level1,416.77 6C-25 Concrete for elevation columnand shear wall1,563.74 7C-25 Concrete for slab at ground level1,357.98 8C-30 Concrete (Mechanical Mix)1,826.98 9Ribbed slab (for ribbed block and concrete work only M2256.54

Table 3- 4 Cost of reinforcements No.Description Unit UnitCost 1Diameter 6-8mm. reinfo. barsKg.20 2Diameter 10-16mm. deformed bars19 3Diameter 18mm. and above deformed bars 19.50 Table 3- 5 Form works No.Description Unit UnitCost 1 For foundation footing , ground beam and Column below ground level M275.88 2 For stair case, beam and column above ground level 81.21 3 For suspended slab and shear wall.88.64 4 For Ribbed slab88.64 FactorCosts34 Table 3- 6 Cost of block work No.Description Unit UnitCost1Chicka wall (18cm. thick)M246.69 2G-32 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) Walling on Eucalyptus member. 73.26 3G-30 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) Walling on Eucalyptus member88.11 4G-28 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) Walling on Eucalyptus member100.89 512cm. thick brick wall left for finishing.214.93 625cm thick brick wall both sides left for finishing445.75 710cm. thick brick wall both sides left for plastering.106.88 815cm. thick Hollow Concrete Block (HCB) wall both sides left for finishing119.30 920cm. thick Hollow Concrete Block (HCB) wall both sides left for plastering135.01 1010cm. thick solid block wall both sides left for finishing 139.82 1115cm thick solid block wall both sides left for finishing168.42 1220cm thick solid block wall both sides left for finishing 179.61 13Ply wood-wooden partition on Zigba frame (one face covered)67.43 14Hard board wooden partition on Zigba frame (one face covered)80.13 15Hard board wooden partition on Eucaly. Frame (one face covered)43.29 1610mm Chip wood-wooden partition on Zigba. Frame (one face covered)111.23 1710mm Chip wood-wooden partition on Eucaly. Frame (one face covered)73.20 18Ply wood-wooden partition on Zigba frame (both face covered)89.07 19Hard board wooden partition on Zigba frame (both face covered)112.52 20Ditto but chip wood partition168.21 21Egasheet wall cladding incl. Rectangular Hollow Section frames157.60 22Ega sheet wall cladding excl. Rectangular Hollow Section frames96.68 23Metal sheet wall cladding incl. Rectangular Hollow Section frames180.43 24Adobe wall56.03 2511cm thick hydrafoam wall174.63 2614cm thick hydrafoam wall194.63 27Aluminum composite panel wall cladding with the necessary accessories1,267.50 288mm chip wood-wooden partition on Zigba frame (one face covered)106.20 298mm chip wood-wooden partition on Eucally. frame (one face covered)68.1 308mm chip wood-wooden partition on Zigba. frame (bothface covered)158.55 318mm chip wood-wooden partition on Eucally. frame (bothface covered)117.95 32Gypsum board partition (one face covered)288.45 33Gypsum board (both face covered)504.78 FactorCosts35 No.Description Unit UnitCost34CURTAIN WALL (Type-I) Structural system single glazing curtain wall with 6mm thick tinted glass M21,950.00 35CURTAIN WALL (Type-II)Structural system single glazing curtain wall with 6mm thick tinted glass 2,550.0036CURTAIN WALL (Type-III)Semi structural system single glazing curtain wall with 6mm thick tinted glass 1,860.0037CURTAIN WALL (Type-IV)Semi structural system double glazing curtain wall with 6mm thick tinted glass 2,190.00 Table 3- 7 Cost of block work No.Description Unit UnitCost1G-35 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) roofing (truss and purlin measu. Separately)M246.69 2G-32 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) roofing (truss and purlin measu. Separately) KOSPI 73.26 3G-30 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) roofing (truss and purlin measu. Separately) KOSPI 88.11 4G-28 Corrugated Iron Sheet (CIS) roofing (truss and purlin measu. Separately) KOSPI 100.89 5Wooden truss mem. 10-12cm upper & lower chord ml.214.93 6Wooden truss mem. 8-10cm vert. & diagonal chord445.75 75X7 cm Zigba purlin106.88 8EGA 300 and 4mm. Thick Roof CoverM2119.30 9EGA 400 and 4mm. Thick Roof Cover135.01 10EGA 500 and 4mm. Thick Roof Cover139.82 11Steel truss and purlin with Rectangular Hollow Sectionkg168.42 12Steel structure column (I-section), beam and bracings179.61 13Gutter Development size 33cm.ml67.43 14Down pipe development size 33cm80.13 15Down pipe development size 40cm43.29 16G-28 galvan. Sheet copping development size 25cm111.23 17G-28 flashing development size 50cm.73.20 1815cm. wide kerrero facial board89.07 1920cm wide kerrero facial board112.52 20Roof treatment membrane, complete work168.21 FactorCosts36 No.Description Unit UnitCost21Roof tiles cover157.60 22DECRA roofing 96.68 23OUNDULING roofing 180.43 24DURA RoofingM256.03 2525cm wide kerrero facial board174.63 26Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC) down pipe dia.110ml. 194.63 27Aluminum sky light with lexon glass with all accessoriesM21,267.50 28Aluminum sky light with safety glass with all accessories106.20 29Roof treatment membrane includinglight weight concrete 68.1 Table 3- 8 Cost of carpentry and joinery No.Description Unit UnitCost1Ribbed sheet ceiling.M258.12 2Abujedi ceiling exclu. Battens26.10 3Diam. 6cm eucalyptus batten27.19 45X4cm ceiling battens58.59 55X4cm Zigba batten for Addis Dcor plastic panel85.62 65X4cm Zigba batten for acoustic ceiling 105.37 7Hard board ceiling exclu. Battens40.79 8Plywood ceiling exclu. Battens37.82 9Playwood ceiling exclu. Battens64.43 108mm. thick chip wood ceiling excl. battens52.75 11Medhin dcor plastic ceiling (plastic coated) include. Installation182.00 12Acoustic ceiling excl. battens240.07 13Aluminum ceiling299.00 14Acoustic ceiling, Armstrong Cortega ceiling288.60 15Ceiling parquet (M. Quality)519.28 16Ceiling parquet (Quality)680.26 17Ceiling parquet (B. Quality)859.95 18Aluminum hand rail & balustrade1501.00 19Flush wooden door covered with Kerero plywood.688.07 20Flush wooden door covered with mahogany plywood.808.21 21Framed & paneled solid doors and windows1,271.39 22M. Quality built in cupboard837.75 23Quality built in cupboard (3f standard)2,569.14 24Lowerquality wooden door273.37 FactorCosts37 No.Description Unit UnitCost25Medium quality wooden door733.19 26Best quality Internal wooden door with mostra and walnut veneer1,807.44 27Antique internal wooden door with mostra and walnut veneer981.72 28Internal wooden door with mostra and walnut veneer844.86 29Antique external door with mostra and natural color 4,211.92 30Best quality built in cupboard with walnut veneer2,121.56 31Solid wooden built in cupboard (Salvatore standard)2,766.40 Table 3- 9 Cost of metal works No.Description Unit UnitCost 1Fully metal doors of 38mm LTZ without grillM2604.05 2Fully metal doors of 28mm LTZ without grill459.64 3Half glazed metal doors and windows of 38mm LTZ without grill568.56 4Half glazed metal doors and windows of 28mm LTZ without grill445.82 5Half glazed metal doors and windows of 38mm LTZ with grill609.84 6Half glazed metal doors and windows of 28mm LTZ with grill 501.44 7Metal window, secco profile (including grill) 753.47 8Metal window, secco profile (excluding grill)527.24 9Metal door, secco profile604.46 10Collapsible door including installation470.85 11Aluminum framed door and window including glazing1,506.00 12RHS frame door and window with wire mesh361.17 13Aluminum imitation door715 14Aluminum imitation window715 15Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC) door 598 Note: LTZ is the shape of Iron. Table 3- 10 Cost of glazing works No.Description Unit UnitCost 14mm clear glassM2127.73 25mm clear glass142.25 34mmfigured glass127.95 45mm figured glass234.55 54mm tinted glass127.95 FactorCosts38 No.Description Unit UnitCost 65mm tinted glass 234.55 76mm tinted glass263.80 84mm frosted glass260.60 95mm frosted glass220.90 106mm frosted glass 249.50 Table 3- 11 Cost of finishing works No.Description Unit UnitCost 11ST Coat of cement plastering (1:3) to wallM28.61 22nd coat of cement plastering (1:3) to wall25.15 33rd coat of cement plastering (1:3) to wall12.27 41ST Coat of cement plastering (1:3) to ceiling 10.09 52nd coat of cement plastering (1:3) to ceiling26.71 63rd coat of cement plastering (1:3) to ceiling14.34 7Gypsum wall finish (3rd coat)18.00 8Gypsum ceiling finish (3rd coat)20.00 91 coat (final coat) cement rendering12.42 10Pointing to brick wall surface (1:3)20.03 11Pointing to Hollow Concrete Block (HCB) wall surface (1:3)12.47 12Pointing to fair faced masonry wall surface18.69 133cm thick cement screed flooring (1:3)49.18 145cm thick cement screed flooring (1:3)80.11 1520X20cm cement tile flooring (1:3)127.37 1620X20cm terrazzo tile flooring (1:3)141.23 172cm thick granolithic tile flooring (1:3)256.97 182cm thick marble flooring (1:3)Harar425.44 192cm thick marble flooring (1:3)Mankusk591.67 202cm thick marble flooring (1:3)Boka multicolor637.96 213cm thick marble flooring (1:3)Harar492.17 223cm thick marble flooring (1:3) Mankusk696.27 233cm thick marble flooring (1:3) Boka multicolor 802.78 24Marble chips flooring (harar marble)257.40 25Marble chips flooring (best quality)291.05 2620X20cm ceramic tile flooring (1:3)197.76 272mm thick Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC) flooring (Ethiopia) 96.07 FactorCosts39 No.Description Unit UnitCost 282mm thick Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)flooring (Italy)145.43 292mm thick Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)flooring (England)134.72 302mm thick Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)flooring (China)109.52 31Parquet flooring with all accessories (medium quality)227.59 32Parquet flooring with all accessories (quality)M2426.30 33Parquet flooring with all accessories (best quality)777.41 3410cm high cement tile skirting (1:3)ml.23.77 3510cm high terrazzo tile skirting (1:3)34.48 3610cm high granolithic tile skirting (1:3)83.83 3715cm high marble tile skirting (1:3)51.89 38Ceramic tile skirting (1:3)40.03 398cm high Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)tile skirting (ETHIOPIA)32.43 408cm high Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)tile skirting (ITALY)49.56 418cm high Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)tile skirting (ENGLAND)42.71 428cm high Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)tile skirting (CHINA)35.85 4310cm high wooden skirting (low quality)29.62 4410cm high wooden skirting (high quality)76.37 4530mm thick terrazzo window cill (1:3) on HCB43.21 4630mm thick terrazzo window cill (1:3) on brick47.19 4730mm thick terrazzo window cill (1:3) on stone59.12 4825mm thick cement tile window cill (1:3) on HCB41.08 4925mm thick cement tile window cill (1:3) on brick44.66 5025mm thick cement tile window cill (1:3) on stone 54.07 5130mm thick white marble tile window cill (1:3) on HCB169.33 5230mm thick white marble tile window cill (1:3) on brick194.63 5330mm thick white marble tile window cill (1:3) on stone 269.80 5430mm thick HARAR marble window cill (1:3) on HCB106.08 5530mm thick HARAR marble window cill (1:3) on brick120.53 5630mm thick HARAR marble window cill (1:3) on stone163.87 5730mm thick granolithic window cill (1:3) on HCB195.70 5830mm thick granolithic window cill (1:3) on brick225.53 5930mm thick mankush marble threads. (1:3)206.53 6020mm thick mankush marble riser. (1:3)108.71 6130mm thick harrar marble threads. (1:3)145.30 6220mm thick harar marble riser (1:3)79.93 FactorCosts40 No.Description Unit UnitCost 6330mm thick harar marble threads. (1:3) 145.30 6420mm thick boka marble riser. (1:3)ml.117.08 6530mm thick boka marble threads. (1:3)239.14 66Stair wooden thread, medium quality191.48 67Stair wooden thread, beast quality320.19 68Stair wooden riser, medium quality88.52 69Stair wooden riser, beast quality132.28 70Terrazzo tile threads (1:3)53.72 71Cement tile threads (1:3)51.80 7230mm thick white marble threads (1:3)240.69 7330mm thick harar marble threads (1:3)145.82 7420mm thick Granilia stair threads (1:3)39.93 7520mm thick Granilia stair riser (1:3)20.22 7620mm thick white marblethreads (1:3)158.69 7720mm thick harar marblethreads (1:3)104.23 7820mm thick granolithic marble riser. (1:3)183.59 7920mm thick granite marblethreads (1:3)195.57 8020mm thick white marblethresholds (1:3)163.28 8115X15mm ceramic wall tile (1:3)LocalM2107.99 8220X20mm ceramic wall tile threads (1:3)193.51 83Mosaic wall tile193.51 84Addis dcor wall paper or equivalent51.03 85Addis dcor Poly vinyl Chlorides (PVC)ceiling or equivalent197.32 862cm. thick harar marble wall cladding(1:2)411.90 872cm. thick Gojam marble wall cladding(1:2)571.63 88Ambo stone external wall finish 247.88 89Trachytic dressed stone cladding bedded in cement mortar173.85 90Hand rail and balustrade made of 5X10cm wooden (best quality)2419.20 91Wooden hand rail and balustrade (quality)1693.89 92Wooden hand rail and balustrade (Medium. Quality)1089.09 93RHS balustrade452.70 94Concrete window cill 28cm wide bedded in 1:4 cement mortar40.49 95Kebena stone external wall Finish827.84 96Colored best Q. ceramic wall tile. (1:3) M2326.39 97harar marble wall cladding, 2cm thick441.24 FactorCosts41 No.Description Unit UnitCost 98Mankush marble wall cladding, 2cm thick605.67 99Boka marble wall cladding, 2cm thick653.51 100Granite wall cladding, 2cm thick700.61 101Plywood cladding for internal wall69.75 102Medhin dcor wall paper40.95 103Checkered tile flooring 20X20cmNormal129.77 104Checkered tile flooring 20X20cmColoured147.11 105Ceramic tile flooring 50X50cm227.78 106Ceramic tile flooring 33X33cm193.66 107Porcelain floor tile286.00 108Clicker floor tile168.57 109Clicker wall tile148.94 110Quartz wall finish with two coats of plastering73.78 111Mineral plaster wall finish with two coats of plastering84.00 112ETAL BOND with aluminum for external wall finish1,121.00 113ETAL BOND with galvanized sheet metal for external wall finish402.10 114Decorated solid metal (wrought iron) balustrade and guard rail 1,105 Table 3- 12 Cost of painting works No.Description Unit UnitCost 1Three coats of plastic paint to wallM212.95 2Three coats of plastic paint to ceiling14.95 3One coat anti-rust and two coats synthetic paint to metal surface18.24 4Two coats of varnish paint to wooden surface.16.91 Table 3- 13 Cost of sanitary Installation No.Description Unit UnitCost 1Low flashWater Closet (WC)(medium quality)Pcs.831.90 2Low flash Water Closet (WC) (quality)1,351.90 3Low flash Water Closet (WC (best quality)1871.90 14Water Closet (WC)high flash, medium quality561.10 5Water Closet (WC)high flash, low quality691.10 6Water Closet (WC)high flash, beast quality1081.10 7Hand wash basin (medium quality)602.69 8Hand wash basin (quality)952.79 FactorCosts42 No.Description Unit UnitCost 9Hand wash basin (best quality)1602.79 10Bath tab (medium quality)2019.64 11Bath tab (quality)2214.64 12Bath tab (best quality)2994.64 13Bath tab made of brick1360.77 14Bidet (medium quality)928.82 15Bidet (quality)Pcs.1058.82 16Bidet (best quality)1578.82 17Shower plate (medium quality)424.26 18Shower plate (quality)515.26 19Shower plate (beast quality)645.26 20Urinals (medium quality)495.20 21Urinals (quality)625.20 22Urinals (beast quality)1145.20 23Kitchen sink (single bowel)624.95 24Kitchen sink (double bowel)936.95 25Towel rack (medium quality)99.61 26Towel rack (quality)125.61 27Towel rack (best quality)522.11 28Toilet paper holder (medium quality)95.48 29Toilet paper holder (quality)114.98 30Toilet paper holder (best quality)134.48 31Soap holder, (medium quality)78.82 32Soap holder, (quality)111.32 33Soap holder, (best quality)130.82 34Glass mirror (medium quality)139.14 35Glass mirror (quality)217.14 36Glass mirror (best quality)386.14 37Water heater (50Lit. cap)1708.78 38Water heater (80 Lit. capacity)1944.49 39Water heater (100 Lit. capacity)2069.59 40Water heater (120 Lit. capacity)ml.2156.79 41 galvanized steel pipe (GSP)49.68 42 galvanized steel pipe (GSP)59.38 431 galvanized steel pipe (GSP)80.90 441 & 1/2 galvanized steel pipe (GSP) 121.52 452 galvanized steel pipe (GSP)159.87 462 & galvanized steel pipe (GSP)201.57 473 galvanized steel pipe (GSP)244.04 FactorCosts43 No.Description Unit UnitCost 48Gate valves Pcs.78.82 49Gate valves 91.17 50Gate valves 1121.72 51Gate valves 1 and 250.42 52Gate valve 2318.91 53Gate valve 2 and 535.12 54Gate valves3626.12 5550mm. dia. PVC pipeml.52.46 5675mm. dia. PVC pipe74.14 57110mm. dia. PVC pipe135.42 5810cm. dia. Concrete pipe38.98 5915cm. dia. Concrete pipe 48.72 6020cm. dia. Concrete pipe65.05 6130cm. dia. Concrete pipe97.95 6240cm. dia. Concrete pipe170.56 6360cm. dia. Concrete pipeml. 235.53 6480cm. dia. Concrete pipe352.49 65100cm. dia. Concrete pipe365.53 66120cm. dia. Concrete pipe427.01 6750mm vent capPcs.27.00 68110mm vent cap39.00 691m3 capacity w tank (galvanized sheet metal)2595.08 702m3 capacity water tank (galvanized sheet metal4332.97 Table 3- 14 Cost of electrical installations ABC for distribution boards No.Description Unit UnitCost 1ACB 10A 1ph. Including installationNo.42.35 2ACB 16A 1ph. Including installation43.56 3ACB 20A 1ph. Including installation45.98 4ACB 25A 1ph. Including installation50.82 5ACB 25A 3ph. Including installation193.60 6ACB 32A 1ph. Including installation54.45 7ACB 32A 3ph. Including installation205.70 8ACB 6A 1ph. Including installation39.93 9Light point including two way switchPt.150.73 10Light point including one way switch122.42 11Surface mounted light point including one way switch32.15 12Socket point 25 amp.170.79 FactorCosts44 No.Description Unit UnitCost 13Socket point 16 amp.158.99 14Socket point 10 amp.155.06 15Surface mounted socket point 10amp.41.43 16Bell call point131.14 17Telephone point132.80 18Telephone riser conduit6.05 19TV point80.05 20Bell call indicator/system/ 18No.1397.80 21Bell call indicator/system/ 112No.1633.75 22Bell call indicator/system/ 1162341.60 23Bell call indicator/system/ 1243914.60 24Buzzer120.89 25Fixing light fixture49.80 Light Fitting26Ceiling light (circular) 1XE27No.176.25 27Chandler type salon fixture2325.33 28Ceiling light 1XE27302.69 29Louver (reflector) 2X20W591.28 30Louver (reflector) 4X20W915.56 31Metal Lux 48/33 with 3XE14,40W352.30 32Metal Lux incandescent 48/22 with 3XE14,40W243.40 33Metal Lux incandescent 48/55 with 3XE14,40W243.40 34Normal lamp 40w87.68 35Philips TCS 058/1/36/TLD606.40 36Philips 1X36w245.75 37Philips 2X36W422.75 38Philips HGS 101 or HPLN 125W lamp2137.05 39Philips TLS 058/236352.30 40Philips TMS 012/238 with 1X36W245.75 41Philips TMW/065/136524.12 42Philips TMW/065/236656.62 43Prismatic 2X20W417.04 44Prismatic 2X40W506.58 FactorCosts45 No.Description Unit UnitCost 45RZB 2046/003 with 1XE27,20W231.30 46Salon light fixture of best quality prf. No. 8116/6c(2)3437.80 DISTRIBUTION BOARDS 47SUB Distribution board (SDBP1)*No.18291.81 48SUB Distribution board (SDBP2)*22700.93 49SUB Distribution board (SDBP3)*10000.21 50SUB Distribution