factor affecting maintenace

7/28/2019 Factor Affecting Maintenace

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> Non Ruminant Nutrition

Irfan djunaidi


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Setting Nutritional Standards

1. NRC, ARC etc2. Take into account current scientific

development3. Bioassay experiment4. Consider vit. & min recommendation

from various suppliers

5. Evaluate field problems to adjust


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Nutrient needs :

Maintenance : to keep its body functioningwithout any gain or loss in body weight or

any productive activity Growth : increase in size of bones,

muscles, internal organs and other part of

the body. Reproduction


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Factors affecting MaintenanceNutrient Requirement

1. Exercise & stress2. Weather & climate

3. Health4. Body size5. Temperament6. Individual variation7. Level of production


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1. Exercise

Exercise lots are provided for confined animal helpkeep their muscle in better condition and toreduced injury to feet and leg

In restricted lots have a smaller maintenancerequirement

Stress (race, show, transport, weaning etc.)increase maintenance requirements

Greater stress, the more exacting nutrient req. Prepared to reduced stress by proper precondition.


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2. Weathers

Maintenace req. increase as t, RH, and airmovement. Its related to heat loss

In summer need less nutrient compared to

winter nutrient convert to heat < comfort zone

< nutrient keep animal cool.

Optimum t : max. production rate, feedeficiency and reproduction


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2. Sex

Differences in nutrient requirement

Male requirement higher than female :

hormonal and gain rate were higher

3. Health Paracite and disease caused poor feedeficiency


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4. Body size As the basis for determining

maintenance requirement (less accuratethan body surface)

Body surface expressed as metabolicsize : BW 0.67 and BW 0.75

5. Temperament Nervous animal require more nutrient

Estrus animal require more energy


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Factors affecting Growth NutrientRequirement

1. Breed2. Sex

3. Age4. Rate of growth


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1. Agea. Younger animal:

- consume more feed/unit BW- utilize feed more efficiently- higher requirement for protein, EM etc per unitBW

- req. more digested diet

b. As the animal grows, its capacity to use othertype of feed increase


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2. breed

Larger breed grow more rapidly and havea higher nutrient requirement

At same age :- faster gaining animal more efficient- Different feed efficiency


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3. Sex

Male gain more rapidly than female andhave higher requirement

Un castrated males use feed moreefficiently for BWG (high water andprotein, and low fat in BWG)

Mature average size is larger in males Maturity faster in female


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4. Growth rate

Fast gains may be fat gains

Rapid gains may impair reproduction in

female Fleshy feeder animal may not desirable :

reach market weight before desirable

market weight


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Factors affecting reproductionNutrient Requirement

1. flushing2. Sexual maturity

3. Nutritional reproductive failure


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Flushing

Practice of having female gain in weightjust prior to breeding

Feeding 15-30% more 2 -3 weeks prior to breeding

After breeding put on limited feed to

prevent embryo mortality


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Nutritional reproductive failure

(partly on the last third pregnancy) Over feeding or under feeding

Low energy and protein level

Low P decrease number of young born

Low Iodine cause impair and reprod.

Low Vit A. cause weak and blind youngbirth.


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TERIMA KASIH

SEE YOU NEXT WEEK

factor affecting maintenace

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