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 FACT Alerts from TeV Gamma-Rays in the Context of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Daniela Dorner for the FACT Collaboration

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Page 1: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT Alerts from TeV Gamma­Rays in the Context of 

Multi­Messenger Astrophysics

Daniela Dorner for the FACT Collaboration

Page 2: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

First G­APD Cherenkov Telescope Major Goals

Observing Strategy:   Longterm monitoring 

Sample:    Few bright TeV Blazars

     → Variability studies      → Multi­wavelength        correlations     → Flare alerts to other       instruments

Proof of principle:

Silicon based photosensors (G­APDs*) in Cherenkov Telescopes

Successful operationsince October 2011

* Geiger­mode Avalanche Photodiodes Photo: Thomas Bretz

Page 3: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Facts about FACT

Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

● 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma

● HEGRA CT3 mount● 9.5 m² mirror area● G­APD camera

– Silicon based photosensors– 4.5° FoV, 1440 pixels à 0.11°– H Anderhub et al 2013 JINST 8 P06008 

● Operational since Oct 2011● Excellent performance

– A Biland et al 2014 JINST 9 P10012 

Page 4: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Targets for FACT: Blazars

● Spectral energy distribution: Two­peak structure

 Multi­wavelength →observations crucial

http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations/quasar.html

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 5: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Spectral Energy Distribution

Abd

o A

. et a

l. A

pJ 7

36, 1

31, 2

011

Mrk 421

Radio IR/opt. X­Ray VHE­Ray

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 6: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Targets for FACT: Blazars

● Spectral energy distribution: Two­peak structure

 Multi­wavelength →observations crucial

● Extreme variability on different time scales

 unbiased data →sampling vital 

http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations/quasar.html

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 7: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Extreme Variability

V. A

. Acc

iari 

et a

l. (V

ER

ITA

S), 

ApJ

 729

: 2, 2

011 Mrk 501

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 8: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Targets for FACT: Blazars

● Spectral energy distribution: Two­peak structure

 Multi­wavelength →observations crucial

● Extreme variability on different time scales

 unbiased data →sampling vital 

http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations/quasar.html

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 9: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Long­term Variability

 V. A

ccia

ri et

 al. 

ApP

 54:

 1 (

2014

)

Mrk 421

Whipple Monitoring 14 years, monthly binning

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 10: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Short­term Variability

Ale

ksic

, J. e

t al.,

 Sci

ence

 p (

2014

)

IC 310

Flux

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 11: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Orphan Flare                                 1ES 1959+650

Kra

wcz

ynsk

i, H

. et a

l., A

pJ 6

01 p

151­

164 

(200

4)

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 12: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Orphan Flare                                 1ES 1959+650

Kra

wcz

ynsk

i, H

. et a

l., A

pJ 6

01 p

151­

164 

(200

4)

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 13: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Periodicity

Kra

nich

 D. e

t al, 

ICR

C 1

999

Flux

coun

t rat

e

Time [MJD]The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 14: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Periodicity

Kra

nich

 D. e

t al, 

ICR

C 1

999

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 15: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Periodicity

Kra

nich

 D. e

t al, 

ICR

C 1

999

Flux

coun

t rat

e

Time [MJD]The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 16: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Requirements Monitoring

● No gaps● Unbiased sample● Stable monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 17: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT – Ideal Monitoring Telescope

● Observations during strong moon light

 → Larger duty cycle

 → More complete data      sample

● G­APDs robust and stable  → Stable telescope 

     performance Remote and automatic →

     operation High data taking →

     efficiencyPhoto: Daniela Dorner

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 18: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Photos: D. Dorner, T. Krähenbühl

Shower images recorded pointingto brightest full moon in 2013.

Page 19: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT – Ideal Monitoring Telescope

● Observations during strong moon light

 → Larger duty cycle

 → More complete data      sample

● G­APDs robust and stable  → Stable telescope 

     performance Remote and automatic →

     operation High data taking →

     efficiencyPhoto: Daniela Dorner

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 20: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT – Ideal Monitoring Telescope

● Observations during strong moon light

 → Larger duty cycle

 → More complete data      sample

● G­APDs robust and stable  → Stable telescope 

     performance Remote and automatic →

     operation High data taking →

     efficiencyPhoto: Daniela Dorner

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 21: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Towards Robotic Operation

http://www.fact-project.org/smartfact

Remote operation

Local operation

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 22: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Towards Robotic Operation

Local operation

Operation viasmartphone

Automatic Operation

http://www.fact-project.org/smartfactThe Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 23: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT – Ideal Monitoring Telescope

● Observations during strong moon light

 → Larger duty cycle

 → More complete data      sample

● G­APDs robust and stable  → Stable telescope 

     performance Remote and automatic →

     operation High data taking →

     efficiency

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 24: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Data Taking Efficiency

Page 25: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

FACT – Ideal Monitoring Telescope

● Observations during strong moon light

 → Larger duty cycle

 → More complete data      sample

● G­APDs robust and stable  → Stable telescope 

     performance Remote and automatic →

     operation High data taking →

     efficiency

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 26: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Monitoring at TeV Energies

All data ~410hFACT

Moon < 65%1h every ~ 3rd night           → ~32h

Mrk 501 (2013) 1­hour­binning

standard VHE monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 27: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Monitoring at TeV Energies

All data ~410hFACT

Moon < 65%1h every ~ 3rd night           → ~32h

Mrk 501 (2013) 1­hour­binning

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

standard VHE monitoring

Page 28: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

3.5 Years of Monitoring

Mrk421

Mrk501

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 29: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Quick Look Analysishttp://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 30: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Quick Look Analysis

● Since 2012/12/12● Results within the 

same night● Publicly available● Flare alerts 

 MWL and ToO→     observations

http://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 31: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Quick Look Analysis

● Since 2012/12/12● Results within the 

same night● Publicly available● Flare alerts 

 MWL and ToO→     observations

http://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

 If you want to have the data, just contact me: [email protected]­wuerzburg.de

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 32: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Mrk 501 – Flare Alerts

Flare Alert  8./9. June 2014

Flare Alert18./19. June 2014

Flare Alert20./21. June 2014

 → Observations with       other instruments

Excess rate curve from QLA: 1.6.­10.8.2014

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 33: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Mrk 501 – Flare Alerts

Flare Alert23./24. June 2014

 → Astronomer's     Telegram #6268

Excess rate curve from QLA: 1.6.­10.8.2014

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 34: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Mrk 501 – Flares May/June 201218.5.­30.6.2012

Triggered MAGIC observations

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 35: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Mrk 501 – Flares May/June 2012

MA

GIC

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The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 36: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

PRELIMINARY

Am

it S

hukl

a

FACT

800 days

2­20 keV

2­10 keV

15 GHz

GeV

15­50 keV

Multi­Wavelength Campaign Mrk 421

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 37: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Multi­Wavelength Campaign Mrk 421PRELIMINARY

Am

it S

hukl

a

800 days

FACT

2­20 keV

2­10 keV

15 GHz

GeV

15­50 keV

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 38: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Outlook

Mrk 501: 18.5.­30.6.2012

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 39: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Outlook

Mrk 501: 18.5.­30.6.2012

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 40: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Outlook

Mrk 501: 18.5.­30.6.2012

Gaps due to daytime18 hours

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 41: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Outlook

Mrk 501: 18.5.­30.6.2012

Gaps due to daytime → continuous monitoring around the globe needed

18 hours

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 42: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Continuous Monitoring

FACT

Gaps due to daytime

DWARF Network (M. Backes et. al ICRC 2009)

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 43: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Continuous Monitoring

Gaps due to daytime → Continuous monitoring around the globe needed

FACT

DWARF Network (M. Backes et. al ICRC 2009)

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 44: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Continuous Monitoring

Gaps due to daytime → Continuous monitoring around the globe needed

FACT

OMEGAHEGRO­GAPD

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 45: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Continuous Monitoring

Gaps due to daytime → Continuous monitoring around the globe needed

FACT

OMEGAHEGRO­GAPD

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 46: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Second Telescope: M@TE 

● M@TE: Monitoring at TeV Energies

● 2 mounts from OMEGA project available

● Mexico: two possible sites: 5 or 7 hours from La Palma

● Goal: Equip mount with improved SiPM camera 

 close more gaps in →     TeV monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 47: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Summary

Continuous monitoring around the globe

FACTM@TE

http://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

Page 48: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Backup

Page 49: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Crab Spectrum

F. T

emm

e et

 al. 

(FA

CT 

Col

labo

ratio

n), I

CR

C 2

015

Page 50: FACT - (Indico)...Facts about FACT Photo: Thomas Krähenbühl The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma Rays, La Palma, 2015 Daniela Dorner 2200 m a.s.l. Observatorio del Roque de los

   

Quick Look Analysis

● Quick look analysis since 2012/12/12● Results publicly available since 2013/09/01● Official flare alerts since 2014/03/18

● Results available within the same night● Flare alerts to other instruments● Target­of­Opportunity programs

http://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

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Mrk 501 – Flares May/June 2012

MAGIC: http://143.107.180.38/indico/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=934&sessionId=3&confId=0

PRELIMINARY

Gar

eth 

Hug

hes

The Future of Research on Cosmic Gamma­Rays, La Palma, 2015        Daniela Dorner

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http://www.fact-project.org/monitoring

Check out our monitoring results!

flare alerts

3.5 years monitoring

[ JINST 9(2014) P10012 ]arXiv:1502.02582