facilitating joint analysis of data from several systems using geophysical models
DESCRIPTION
Facilitating Joint Analysis of Data From Several Systems Using Geophysical Models. Hans-Peter Plag, William C. Hammond, Geoffrey Blewitt Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and Seismological Laboratory University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA. Motivation. The 'three pillars of geodesy': - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Facilitating Joint Analysis of Data From Several Systems Using Geophysical Models
Hans-Peter Plag, William C. Hammond, Geoffrey Blewitt Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and Seismological Laboratory
University of Nevada, RenoReno, NV, USA
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Motivation
Many different observational techniques are used to observe Earth's shape, gravity field, and rotation in situ, airborne, and spaceborne.
•The 'three pillars of geodesy':- Earth's Shape (Geokinematics)- Earth's Gravity Field- Earth Rotation
(Fourth pillar: - remote sensing of the atmosphere)
Output:- Reference Frame- Observations of the Shape - Gravitational Field and - Rotation of the Earth
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Motivation
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Motivation
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Motivation
Science questions potentially benefiting from geodetic observations:Convection: chemical anomalies or temperature anomalies? whole mantle convection or layered convection?Plate tectonics: location of and processes at plate boundaries? extent of deformation zones?Ice sheets/glaciers and sea level: ice load history? present-day mass changes?Ocean circulation; mass and energy balance: variations and changes? separation of steric and non-steric component?Hydrological cycle: quantifying the fluxes? variations in continental water storage?Atmospheric circulation: past and present air pressure and wind fields?Tides: validation of ocean tide models?Seismic waves and free oscillations: structure and mechanical parameter of the solid Earth? e.g., Rummel et al., 2009
Societal challenges potentially benefiting from geodetic observations:Disasters: knowing the locations, nature, and probability of hazards; particularly geohazards; Water: Monitoring the global water cycle and land water storage changes;Climate change: detecting climate change signals in the dynamics;Sea level rise: detecting rapid sea level rise in a timely many
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Are we as a community exploiting the full potential of the rich, accurate,
comprehensive, and complementary geodetic observations in the three pillars?
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State-of-the-ArtCurrent approach to geodetic data interpretation:- many studies within one pillar:
- surface displacements;- in situ or spaceborne gravity;- Earth rotation;
- often only one type of observations, e.g.:- GNSS- InSAR
- recently significant progress with joint inversions for mass loads (e.g., Gross et al., 2004; Wu et al., 2006, ..., 2011)
- forward models/studies often focused on one phenomenon (e.g., partial loads: atmosphere, land water storage, ocean)
- recent progress towards more integrated models (e.g., Juettner and Plag, 1998, Thomas et al., 2005)
- combination of techniques: e.g. InSAR and GPS; Lui et al., 2011; Hammond et al., 2011
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Combination of TechniquesExample: Combination of GPS and InSAR using models
Hammond et al., 2011
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Dynamical Integrate Modular Earth Rotation System (DIMERS)
Modules of DIMERS:
(i) a quasi rigidly rotating core,
(ii) a quasi rigidly rotating mantle including crust,
(iii) a non-global equilibrium ocean,
(iv) an autonomous atmosphere,
(v) a deformation system which represents the deformation of core, mantle and crust disregarded in (i) and (ii)
Coordinate system for all subsystem: dynamical Tisserand system of the mantle (DTM) with origin placed in the CoM of the mantle
Integrated Models
Emerging system characteristics:Chandler wobble period and QNearly diurnal free wobble period and Q...
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Results of joint analyses, joint inversions, and model studies indicate that there is a considerable potential of geodetic observations to constrain Earth system models.
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Geodesy and Earth System Models
Solid Earth mainly is a rigid, static boundary condition
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Model Comparison
Geodetic models: "Earth System models":
- no dynamic feedback from the solid Earth to atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere;
- no feedbacks between climate system and solid Earth;
- focused on the solid Earth; - focused on the climate system;
- solid Earth is a rigid boundary;- forces from atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere are inputs;
What about geodetic data assimilation in a Earth system framework?
- geodetic observations are not assimilated in models
- Earth observations are assimilated to constrain the past
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Geodetic Data AssimilationAssimilation of geodetic observations in models:
- tropospheric water contents in numerical weather forecast models
- satellite altimetry-derived sea surface variations in ocean circulation models
Direct assimilation of geodetic observations in system models virtually not done.
- GRACE-derived water equivalents in models of terrestrial water storage (e.g. (G)LDAS)
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Community Modeling Frameworks
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Should we create a community modeling framework that would facilitate the joint analysis and interpretation of geodetic
observations?
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Geodetic Data Assimilating System (GDAS)Analysis of geodetic observations in an Earth system model concept:- parameterizing the Earth system:
- surface mass loads (land, ocean, atmosphere)- modeling of processes:
- solid Earth processes (tectonics, strain, rotation, ...)- known contributions (tides, tidal loading, …)
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+
Point measurements:S
i(x) = ∫σ(x') G
s(x,x') ds
i
Filtered, averaged observations: S
ij = F(S
i(x))
Local models for:- tectonics,- post-seismic strain,- ...
Global models for:- earth tides;- rotational effects;- tidal loading;- post-glacial rebound;- ...
Analysis of geodetic observations in an Earth system model concept:
+
Geodetic Data Assimilating System (GDAS)
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Geodetic Data Assimilating System (GDAS)
Challenge:Different spatial and temporal resolution of geodetic observations GRACE
GPS/GNSSSuperconducting gravimeters
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Analysis of geodetic observations in an Earth system model concept:- parameterizing the Earth system:
- surface mass loads (land, ocean, atmosphere)- modeling of processes:
- solid Earth processes (tectonics, strain, rotation, ...)- known contributions (tides, tidal loading, …)
Fingerprint approach for loads:- compute fingerprints for unit mass load on grid elements;- determine loads for each grid element;- global grid, 1 degree spatial resolution:
- 64,800 elements;- ~4*109 fingerprints for each parameter;- possible to include lateral heterogeneities
- nested approach: high spatial resolution in vicinity, low resolution in the far-field.
Geodetic Data Assimilating System (GDAS)
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Analysis of geodetic observations in an Earth system model concept:
- propagating the system state constrained by all available geodetic observations:
- surface displacements (> 10,000 points)- gravity (GRACE, in situ)- Earth rotation- altimetry- ...
- system propagation in time: Kalman filter approach
- parameterizing the Earth system:- surface mass loads (land, ocean, atmosphere)
- modeling of processes:- solid Earth processes (tectonics, strain, rotation, ...)- known contributions (tides, tidal loading, …)
Geodetic Data Assimilating System (GDAS)
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A community-based Geodetic Data Assimilation System (GDAS) with: - parametrized surface loads, - local geophyscial models - global geophyscial models would:- allow for assimilation of geodetic observations in an Earth system context;- facilitate joint analyses of multi-technique observations;- support local and regional studies with regional and global contributions;- provide a framework to develop community products for use in other disciplines;- have a significant impact on eductation.
Facilitating Joint Analysis of Data From Several Systems Using Geophysical Models