facilitated by: land tenure security in fourteen countries: historical perspectives, challenges and...
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LAND TENURE SECURITY IN FOURTEEN COUNTRIES:Historical Perspectives, Challenges and Opportunities
Danilo Antonio, UN Habitat GLTN
Jorge Espinoza, Technische Universität München
Michael Kirk, Philipps-Universität Marburg
Samuel Mabikke, UN Habitat GLTN
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Background and main objective
The Project
• Idea: came originally from GLTN (end of 2009)
To engage the alumni network of TUM Master’s Programme Land Management and Land Tenure in writing reports on status of land tenure security in their home countries
• Purpose: to produce a tool composed of country reports to be used as base studies for UN Habitat/GLTN and GIZ
• Papers to be reviewed by international land tenure experts
• Information would be directly fed into TUM’s curricula Impact on capacity development for land experts
• Continuously improved/updated by other members of the alumni network tool for monitoring of progress in the respective countries
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Project Partners and Participants
Partners:
•UN Habitat Global Land Tool Network GLTN
•Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ
•Technische Universität München TUM
•Alumni Network of TUM’s MSc Programme Land Management and Land Tenure
Participants
Bangladesh Kenya Brazil
China Nigeria Chile
Philippines Ghana Guatemala
Indonesia Ethiopia Bolivia
Thailand Uganda
Cambodia Chad Alumni Network, MSc Land Management and Land Tenure
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Report template
1.Introduction
•General country information (population, location, GDP, religion, etc.)
•Overview of land tenure system
•Outline of paper’s chapters
2.Historical review and current status of land tenure system
•Historical periods being relevant to land rights and land tenure systems
•Resulting property regimes and current regulatory frameworks
3. Analysis of land tenure security
•Recent country efforts in improving land tenure security (e.g. legislation (pending or newly passed, large scale programmes/projects, etc.))
•Trends and development of land administration system to improve security of land tenure
•SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of current land tenure system
•Conclusions on land tenure security
4.Final Remarks/Conclusions
5.List of References
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Progress to date
• Production of country reports 14 reports
• Review and editing process quality of the original papers was very variable, some of them required mayor editing and improvement
• A synthesis report was produced (soon to be published)
• The final reports are going to be available soon
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Key findings
Different dimensions and different tenure systems were captured by the reports
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Tenure
insecurity
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Land
Conflicts
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Weak conflict resolution mechanisms
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Informality
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Corruption
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Better-off countries
*The current tenure system X: No √: Yes
Current challenges for land tenure systems
Critical countries
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REMAINING CHALLENGE FOR ALL COUNTRIES: EFFECTIVE RECOGNITION OF THE CONTINUUM OF LAND RIGHTS
The continuum of land rights
Source: GLTN/UN-Habitat (2012)
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to understand and manage the land sector as a Complex system,Remains a mayor challenge in all countries
The whole is more than the sum of the parts...
Source: Magel, Klaus and Espinoza adapted from Enemark 2009
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• Synthesis and full reports are to be made available GLTN
• Revise template (coherence) for further country reports and updating existing ones
• Land tenure security wiki GLTN or TUM website?
Next steps
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Conclusions
• Since all the countries are experiencing tenure insecurity at different levels and with different intensity, the experiences suggest that formal rules are often inadequate, too weak, or are not properly enforced or communicated.
• All countries are sensitized about the incentive problem for long-term investment in urban and rural areas.
• These investments require additional financial, technical and human resources together with an even more finely-tuned, revised and comprehensive institutional and legal framework.
• With the on-going land management and land administration projects in all countries, tenure security, and thus the incentive for investment, is certainly improving.
• However, this is only part of the truth. As long as powerful interest groups are able to ignore or circumvent the law, implant bad governance in the land sector and ignore the interests of disadvantaged groups, reforms will only have a limited impact.
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Principal editor: Michael KirkCo-editors: Danilo Antonio, Jorge Espinoza and Samuel Mabikke
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Authors:
Akhter, Md. Washim (Bangladesh)
Antonio, Danilo (Philippines)
Beyene, Adugna Mekonnen (Ethiopia)
Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene (Nigeria)
Dealca, Rhea Lyn (Philippines)
Ding, Rui (China)
Duut, Nelson Namikat (Ghana)
Espinoza, Jorge (Chile)
Kariuki, Judy Wambui (Kenya)
Mabikke, Samuel (Uganda)
Mohiuddin, Taufique (Bangladesh)
Mushinge, Anthony (Zambia)
Nyadimo, Eric (Kenya)
Palacios, Turian (Bolivia)
Quaye, Benjamin (Ghana)
Rudiarto, Iwan (Indonesia)
Rukundo, Bruce (Uganda)
Salán Reyes Mario (Guatemala)
Sewornu, Rita Esinu (Ghana)
Tawee, Duangkaew (Thailand)
Wald, Ilana (Brazil)
Wanyonyi, Agatha (Kenya)
Zhang, Xiuzhi (China)
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NEED TO KNOW MORE?
GLTN SecretariatUN-Habitat, P.O Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
www.gltn.net