facial skeleton

8/2/2019 Facial Skeleton

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Topographical anatomy of thefacial skeleton, spaces andcontents. Orbit, nasal cavityoral cavity, and pterygopalatinefossa

Dr Gallatz Katalin


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ORBIT


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1. optic canal middle cranial fossa optic nerve and ophth. art.

2. superior orbital fissure middle cranial fossa III., IV., VI., V/1., ophth.v.3. inferior orbital fissure pterygopalatine fossa infraorbital a.,v., n.

4. anterior ethmoidal foramen anterior cranial fossa ant. ethmoidal nerve, a.

5. posterior ethmoidal foramen ethmoidal cells post. ethmoidal a., n.

6. nasolacrimal canal inferior nasal meatus nasolacrimal duct

7. infraorbital canal canine fossa infraorbital a.,v., n.8. supraorbital foramen frontal region lat. supraorbital a., v., n.

9. frontal notch frontal region med. supraorb. a., v., n.

10. zygomaticotemporal for. temporal fossa zygomaticotemp. n.

11. zygomaticofacial for. lat. surface of the face zygomaticofacial n.

Connections of the orbit


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septum orbitale

superior and inferior tarsus


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Superficial layer of the orbit

trochlear neve,

frontal nerve,

lacrimal nerve and artery,

superior obligue muscle,

levator palpebrae superior,

superior rectus,

lateral rectus and abducens n.


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Middle layer of the orbit

- nasociliary nerve and artery cross

the optic nerve from medial to lateral,

- medial rectus muscle


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Branches of the ophthalmic artery

Contents

- central retinal artery

- lacrimal artery

- ciliary arteries

- long and short posterior

and anterior ciliary arteries

- muscular branches

- supraorbital artery

- ant., post. ethmoidal arteries- medial palpebral artery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_artery


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Branches of the ophthalmic nerve

- nasociliary nerve

- posterior ethmoidal nerve

- anterior ethmoidal nerve

- long ciliary nerves

- infratrochlear nerve

- lacrimal nerve

- frontal nerve

supratrochlear nerve

supraorbital nerve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasociliary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ethmoidal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ciliary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratrochlear_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supratrochlear_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraorbital_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraorbital_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supratrochlear_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratrochlear_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_ciliary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ethmoidal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasociliary_nerve


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deep layer of the orbit

- inferior branch of the oculomotor n.,

- inferior rectus muscle,

- medial rectus muscle

- infraorbital artery and nerve,


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CILIARY GANGLION:

- can be found between the lateral

rectus and optic nerve

- parasympathetic ganglion

of the oculomotor nerve,

- it gets preganglionic fibers

from the Edinger-Westfal nucl.,

- postganglionic fibers are called

short ciliary nerves,

- they innervate the sphincter of

the pupil and ciliary muscles


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Lateral wall of the orbit

Communicating branch of the zygomatic nerve (V/2) carries

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion(VII.) to the lacrimal nerve (V/1)


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Nasal cavity


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WALLS OF THE NASAL CAVITYSuperior:

nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, body of the sphenoid

Inferior:hard palate (palatine process of the maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone

Medial:

nasal septum

Lateral:

maxilla, the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone, the medial pterygoid platethe labyrinth of the ethmoid and the inferior concha.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinth_of_ethmoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinth_of_ethmoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxilla


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NASAL SEPTUM

Bony nasal septum Cartilagineous nasal septum

- perpendicilar plate of the ethmoid

- vomer


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inferior nasal meatus nasolacrimal duct

middle nasal meatus semilunar hiatus (frontal sinus, anterior and middle

ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinus)

superior nasal meatus posterior ethmoidal cells


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BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE NASAL CAVITY

- sphenopalatine artery

- anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery (branches of the ophthalmic artery),

- superior labial arteries (branches of facial artery supplying the vestibuleof nasal cavit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_artery


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Kiesselbach's area, (also Kiesselbach's plexus, and Little's area)

is a region in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum, where arteries

anastomose to form a vascular plexus called Kiesselbach's plexus.

90% percent of nose bleeds (epistaxis) occur in this area

The arteries are

Anterior ethmoidal artery

Sphenopalatine artery

Greater palatine artery

Septal branch of the superior labial artery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistaxishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenopalatine_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_palatine_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_labial_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_labial_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_palatine_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenopalatine_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistaxishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septum


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INNERVATION OF THE NASAL CAVITY

General sensory innervation is by branches of the trigeminal nerve (V1 & V2):

- nasociliary nerve (V1) anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches

- posterior nasal branches of maxillary nerve (V2)

- infraorbital nerve external nasal branch vestibule of the nasal cavity

PARANASAL SINUSES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasociliary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasociliary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve


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PARANASAL SINUSES

PARANASAL SINUSES


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PARANASAL SINUSES

- the maxillary sinus, the largest of the paranasal sinus, are under the eyes, in

maxillary bones. It opens into the posterior part of the semilunar hiatus

-the frontal sinus, superior to the eyes, in the frontal bone, it opens into the anterior

part of the semilunar hiatus through the ethmoidal infundibulum

- the ethmoid sinuses, which are formed from several air cells within the ethmoid.

Anterior and middle group open into the middle part of the

semilunar hiatus, posterior group open into the superior nasal meatus.

- the sphenoid sinus, in the sphenoid bone at the center of the skull base under the

pituitary gland. It opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

The paranasal air sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium

(ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eyehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoid_sinushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_epitheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_epitheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoid_sinushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye


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Borders of the semilunar hiatus

- ethmoid bulla

- uncinate process


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MAXILLARY SINUS


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Recesses of the maxillary sinus

1. infraorbital recess

2. zygomatic recess

3. alveolar recess


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MAXILLARY SINUS

Structures narrowing the maxillary hiatus

- ethmoidal bulla

- uncinate process

- inferior nasal concha,

- perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

- lacrimal bone

Maxillary sinus opens into the posterior part of the semilunar hiatus (middle

nasal meatus)


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Maxillary sinus


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OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM


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OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM


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RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM


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RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM


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Walls of the pterygopalatine fossa

anterior: maxilla post.surface

posterior: ant. surface of the

greater wing,

and pterygoid process

medial: perpendicular plate of

palatine bone


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Th t l ti f t i


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The pterygopalatine fossa contains

- the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve

- the terminal third of the maxillary artery

- the maxillary nerve (CN V2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve),

- the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve

(preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic

sympathetic).

To obtain block anesthesia of the entire

second division of the trigeminal nerve,

an intraoral injection can be administered

into this area through the greater palatine

foramen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_of_the_pterygoid_canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_petrosal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_petrosal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_of_the_pterygoid_canalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion


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Contents of the pterygopalatine fossa

maxillary artery, maxillary nerve (V.), pterygopalatine ganglion (VII.)

Connections of the pterygopalatine fossa

infraorbital fissure orbit infraorbital a.,v., n.

foramen rotundum middle cranial fossa maxillary nerve

sphenopalatine foramen nasal cavity sphenopalatine a.,

post. nasal nerves.

greater and lesser palatine canal oral cavity palatine nerves,

desc.palatine artery

pterygoid canal base of the skull greater petrosal nerve

deep petrosal nerve

pterygomaxillary fissure infratemporal fossa maxillary artery

P t f th l it


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Parts of the oral cavity

Vestibule of the oral cavity

Oral cavity proper


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ISTHMUS OF THE FAUCES

Borders:

superior: soft palate

inferior: root of the tonque

lateral: palatoglossal and

palatopharngeal arch

f h h d l


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Structure of the hard palate

Hard and soft palate


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Hard and soft palate

Muscles of the soft palate

Levator veli palatini

Tensor veli palatini

Palatoglossus m.

Palatopharyngeus m.

M. uvulae

h h d d f l


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The hard and soft palate

Bl d l d i ti f


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Blood supply and innervetion of

the hard and soft palate

SUBLINGUAL REGION


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SUBLINGUAL REGION

FEATURES OF THE FLOOR- frenulum of tongue

- ridge formed by deep lingual vein- sublingual fold- sublingual caruncle (papilla)opening of submandibular and sublingualduct

ORAL DIAPHRAGMA MYLOHYOID M


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ORAL DIAPHRAGMA MYLOHYOID M.

Lateral groove (sulcus) of the tongue


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Lateral groove (sulcus) of the tongue

Borders:

medial: hyoglossus m.

lateral: mylohyoid m.

superior: sublingual mucous

membrane

Content: lingual nerve

submandibular duct

hypoglossal nerve

Medial groove (sulcus) of the tongue


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Medial groove (sulcus) of the tongue

Borders:

medial: genioglossus m.

lateral: hyoglossus m.

Content: lingual artery

(glossopharyngeal nerve)


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Thank you for your attention!


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facial skeleton

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