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8/18/2019 facebook ethic

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Chap. 4Ethical and Social Issues

in Information SystemsFacebook Privacy: Thereis o Privacy

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!ana"ement

#r"ani$ati

on

Technolo"y

Information

System

%usinessChallen"es

%usiness

Solutions

(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.

#vervie& ofFundamental !IS Concepts


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Information Systems andEthics

• nformation systems raise ne ethical5uestions because they createopportunities for)

– ntense social chan!e" threatenin!e&istin! distributions of po er" money"ri!hts" and obli!ations

– 6e kinds of crime

$(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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ET'IC*), S#CI*), P#)ITIC*) ISS-ES

I * I F#(!*TI# S#CIET

7(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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mo e or n n"about ethical, social, and

political Issues• (ociety as a calm pond• 4 as rock dropped in pond" creatin! ripples

of ne situations not covered by old rules• (ocial and political institutions cannot

respond overni!ht to these ripples8it maytake years to develop eti5uette"e&pectations" la s

– 9e5uires understandin! of ethics to makechoices in le!ally !ray areas

:(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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the

information a"e1. nformation ri!hts and obli!ations2. Property ri!hts and obli!ations

3. 'ccountability and control$. (ystem 5uality7. ;uality of life


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/ey technolo"y trendsthat raise ethical issues

1. Doublin! of computer po er – ore or!ani#ations depend on computer

systems for critical operations.

2. 9apidly declinin! data stora!e costs – =r!ani#ations can easily maintain detailed

databases on individuals.

3. 6et orkin! advances and the nternet – +opyin! data from one location to another

and accessin! personal data from remote

locations are much easier. >(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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/ey technolo"y trendsthat raise ethical issues

$. 'dvances in data analysis techni5ues – Pro lin!

• +ombinin! data from multiple sources to createdossiers of detailed information on individuals

– 6onobvious relationship a areness /6=9'• +ombinin! data from multiple sources to nd

obscure hidden connections that mi!ht helpidentify criminals or terrorists

7. obile device !ro th – 4rackin! of individual cell phones

@(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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# #%0I#-S (E)*TI# S'IP*1*(E ESS 2 #(*3



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%asic concepts forethical analysis

• 9esponsibility) – 'cceptin! the potential costs" duties" and

obli!ations for decisions• 'ccountability)

– echanisms for identifyin! responsible parties• ,iability)

– Permits individuals /and rms to recover

dama!es done to them• Due process)

– ,a s are ellAkno n and understood" ith anability to appeal to hi!her authorities



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Five step ethical analysis

1. dentify and clearly describe the facts.2. De ne the conBict or dilemma and

identify the hi!herAorder valuesinvolved.

3. dentify the stakeholders.$. dentify the options that you can

reasonably take.7. dentify the potential conse5uences of

your options.



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a r n ormat onPractices 2FIP3

• (et of principles !overnin! the collection and useof information

– Easis of most .(. and %uropean privacy la s – Eased on mutuality of interest bet een record

holder and individual – 9estated and e&tended by F4+ in 1@@> to

provide !uidelines for protectin! online privacy• sed to drive chan!es in privacy le!islation

–

+=PP' – GrammA,eachAEliley 'ct – H P'' – DoA6otA4rack =nline 'ct of 2011

1$(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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2FTC3

Fair Information Practices2FIP3 principles1. 6oticeIa areness /core principle

– Web sites must disclose practices beforecollectin! data.

2. +hoiceIconsent /core principle – +onsumers must be able to choose ho

information is used for secondary purposes.

3. 'ccessIparticipation – +onsumers must be able to revie andcontest accuracy of personal data.



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2FTC3

Fair Information Practices2FIP3 principles$. (ecurity

– Data collectors must take steps toensure accuracy" security of personaldata.

7. %nforcement – ust be mechanism to enforce F P

principles.

1:(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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Internet challen"es toprivacy

• +ookies – dentify bro ser and track visits to site – (uper cookies /Flash cookies

• Web beacons /Web bu!s – 4iny !raphics embedded in eAmails and Web pa!es – onitor ho is readin! eAmail messa!e or visitin!

site• (py are

– (urreptitiously installed on user’s computer – ay transmit user’s keystrokes or display

un anted ads• Goo!le services and behavioral tar!etin!

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'#1 C##/IES I5E TIF1E% 0ISIT#(S

1>(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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• 4he nited (tates allo s businesses to!ather transaction information and usethis for other marketin! purposes.

– =ptAout vs. optAin model• =nline industry promotes selfAre!ulation

over privacy le!islation.• Ho ever" e&tent of responsibility taken

varies) – +omple&Iambi!uous privacy statements – =ptAout models selected over optAin – =nline JsealsK of privacy principles

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Internet challen"es to privacy



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Technical solutions forprivacy

• %Amail encryption• 'nonymity tools•

'ntiAspy are tools• Ero ser features

– JPrivateK bro sin! –

JDo not trackK options• =verall" fe technical solutions



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Property ri"hts:Intellectual property

• ntellectual property) intan!ible property of anykind created by individuals or corporations

• 4hree main ays that intellectual property isprotected)

– Trade secret: intellectual ork or productbelon!in! to business" not in the public domain

– Copyri"ht: statutory !rant protectin!intellectual property from bein! copied for the lifeof the author" plus


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Challen"es to intellectualproperty ri"hts

•

Di!ital media diLerent from physicalmedia/e.!." books

– %ase of replication – %ase of transmission /net orks" nternet – DiMculty in classifyin! soft are – +ompactness –

DiMculties in establishin! uni5ueness• Di!ital illennium +opyri!ht 'ct /D +'

– akes it ille!al to circumvent technolo!yAbased protections of copyri!hted materials



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*ccountability, liability,control

• +omputerArelated liability problems – f soft are fails" ho is responsible?

• f seen as part of machine that inNures or harms"

soft are producer and operator may be liable.• f seen as similar to book" diMcult to hold

authorIpublisher responsible.• What should liability be if soft are seen as

service? Would this be similar to telephonesystems not bein! liable for transmittedmessa!es?


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ystem 6ua ty:5ata 6uality and system

errors• What is an acceptable" technolo!icallyfeasible level of system 5uality?

– Fla less soft are is economically unfeasible.• 4hree principal sources of poor system

performance) – (oft are bu!s" errors – Hard are or facility failures – Poor input data 5uality /most common

source of business system failure

2$(ource) *enneth +. ,audon - ane P. ,audon /201$ " ana!ement nformation (ystems) ana!in! the Di!ital Firm" 4hirteenth %dition" Pearson.


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ua ty o e:E6uity, access,

boundaries• 6e!ative social conse5uences of systems – Ealancin! po er) althou!h computin! po er

decentrali#in!" key decision makin! remainscentrali#ed

– 9apidity of chan!e) businesses may not haveenou!h time to respond to !lobal competition

– aintainin! boundaries) computin!" nternet uselen!thens orkAday" infrin!es on family" personaltime

– Dependence and vulnerability) public and privateor!ani#ations ever more dependent on computersystems



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•

+omputer crime and abuse – +omputer crime) commission of ille!al acts throu!h

use of computer or a!ainst a computer system8computer may be obNect or instrument of crime

–

+omputer abuse) unethical acts" not ille!al• (pam) hi!h costs for businesses in dealin! ithspam

• %mployment) –

9een!ineerin! ork resultin! in lost Nobs• %5uity and access8the di!ital divide) – +ertain ethnic and income !roups in the nited

(tates less likely to have computers or nternetaccess

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E6uity, access,

boundaries



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• Health risks – 9epetitive stress inNury /9(

• ,ar!est source is computer keyboards• +arpal tunnel syndrome /+4(

– +omputer vision syndrome /+O(• %yestrain and headaches related to screen use

–

4echnostress• '!!ravation" impatience" fati!ue

7uality of life:E6uity, access, boundaries

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