f8 2days live online revision class

5/28/2018 F8 2days Live Online Revision Class

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www.accaapc.com F8 Final Live online revision all rights reserved

ACCA F8 Audit & Assurance (INT)

June2014

Live Online 2 Days Revision Note

Tutor: Steve Harris


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Lesco Group Limited, April 2015

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or

otherwise, without the prior written permission of Lesco Group Limited.


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Past Examination Questions Analysis

Q1:Pilot paper: Substantive procedures on trade payables and purchases; use of CAATs

DEC2007: Purchases system; inventory system and count

June2008: Internal control questionnaires; tests of controls on sales system;

receivables' confirmation

DEC2008: Wages system; analytical procedures; audit evidence

June2009: Audit planning; audit risk; analytical procedures; audit procedures

(receivables)

DEC2009: Audit planning; audit procedures; risk assessment; auditing inventory

June2010: Audit risk assessment; controls over perpetual inventory system;

substantive

DEC2010: Significant deficiencies; purchasing system deficiencies; auditing trade

payables; internal audit assignments

June2011: Tests of controls (sales system); auditing receivables and revenue; controls

to prevent fraud

DEC2011: Payroll system deficiencies; auditing payroll charge; considering laws and

regulations; provisions, reliance

June2012 sales system; procedures on PPE; review engagement; internal and external

audit+ISA610

DEC2012 inventory/ procedures relating to CAATs +ad+disad

June2013 purchase system/ISA260/audit procedure on payable and cash balance

DEC2013 Audit risks; audit procedures(Examiner just switched Q1 & Q4 around, no big

deal!!!)


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Q2:

Pilot paper: Engagement letter, audit evidence; audit reports

DEC2007: ACCA's Code of Ethics and Conduct; going concern

June2008: Audit evidence; representations; tests of controls

DEC2008:Expert; rights of auditors; assertions relating to tangible non-current assets

June2009: Audit sampling; audit evidence (assertions); audit report term

DEC2009:Audit evidence (reliability); communication with those charged with governance

June2010: Elements of an assurance engagement; materiality

DEC2010: True and fair presentation; status of ISAs; audit documentation

June2011:Internal control questionnaires and narrative notes; engagement letters

DEC2011: Components of internal control; elements of the auditors report

June2012: ISA 300 Planning benefits of audit planning; ISA 530Audit Sampling methods;

audit report opinion types

DEC2012 rights of auditors/ ISA315-4control activities/ limitation of external audit

June2013 ethical threats/going concern/emphasis of matter paragraph

DEC2013:test of control/substantive testing; audit evidence reliability; FS review

procedures


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Q3:

Pilot paper: Threats to independence; corporate governance and audit committees

DEC2007: Internal audit; petty cash

June2008: Analytical procedures; bank confirmation letter

DEC2008: Professional ethics; internal audit

June2009:CAATs; evaluating internal audit work

DEC2009: Understanding the entity and its environment; non-current assets (control

environment and completeness)

June2010: Test of controls and substantive procedures; deficiencies in a cash cycle;

procedures to verify bank balance

DEC2010: Preconditions for an audit; understanding the entity; Using ratios to assess

audit risk

June2011: Audit procedures; audit risks and responses

DEC2011: Components of audit risk; audit risks and responses; auditing inventory

June2012: ISA250 responsibilities in fraud; ethics; audit committee

DEC2012: ISA315-5source of information to understand company/ audit risk/ factors to

establish internal audit department

June2013:materiality/ audit planning-analytical procedure/audit risks

DEC2013:sales system procedures; sales system control objectives; sales system

weaknesses and improvement.


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Q4:

Pilot paper: Deficiencies in wages system; fraud; use of an external consultant

DEC2007: CAATs; auditing around the computer

June2008: Internal audit and outsourcing

DEC2008: Audit risk; inherent risk; control environment

June2009: Internal audit; corporate governance

DEC2009: Interim and final audit; reliance on internal audit work; other assurance

engagements

June2010: Ethical threats and safeguards; audit engagement acceptance

DEC2010: Value for money audit; operating environment strengths for NFPO; auditing

non-current assets

June2011:Conflict of interest; outsourcing internal audit; ethical threats and safeguards

DEC2011: Corporate governance; confidentiality and disclosure

June2012: assertions listed/ audit procedures on inventory/ audit procedures ondepreciation and IAS37 working paper items

DEC2012: 5ACCA principles/ procedures on payables;receivables;reorganization;

June2013:procedure on PP&E/ internal audit

DEC2013: factors considered before acceptance of audit; precondition; engagement

letter content; ethical risks theory.


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Q5:

Pilot paper: Events after the year-end and impact on audit report

DEC2007: Non-compliance with accounting standards; audit reports

June2008: Going concern; negative assurance

DEC2008: Events after the reporting period

June2009: Inventory; fraud; professional ethics

DEC2009: Assertions relevant to accounts payable; internal controls (purchases);

contingent liabilities and reporting

June2010: Going concern; audit reporting

DEC2010: Auditing accounting estimates; written representations; audit reporting

June2011: Misstatements; impact of audit issues on the auditors report

DEC2011: Subsequent events; audit reporting

June2012: analytical procedures can be used(3stages) going concern /audit report

DEC2012: written representation

June2013: Assurance engagement content/ subsequent events

DEC2013: Opening balance; work performed before relying on expert; audit report

correction.(This is surprising)


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Exam strategy and Exam advice:

Before examination:

1, go through the revision 1 video first;

2, go through the following questions (please firstly write down your answer and then

compare to my video.)

3, if you have time pelase also go through questions in the tuition class.

During Examination:

1, During 15minutes of actual reading time pls write down the deadline for each

question and each requirement (using 2minutes).

2, Start from Q1.


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Questions Based Revision

Q1 revision

Tips:

In the coming sitting theres equal opportunity for 4systems to come up in Q1, eg, sales,

purchases, wages + inventory

So Im intending to go through these 4 in the revision.

Topics covered in these 4 questions:

1, inventory system + CAATs

2, payroll system+ substantive procedure on provision +ISA610

3, sales system+ substantive procedure on PPE+ISA610again+internal auditors

4, purchase system + substantive procedure on payable + other assignment


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1, DEC2012 Q1 inventory system

Lily Window Glass Co (Lily) is a glass manufacturer, which operates from a large production

facility, where it undertakes continuous production 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Also

on this site are two warehouses, where the companys raw materials and finished goods are

stored. Lilys year end is 31 December.

Lily is finalising the arrangements for the year-end inventory count, which is to be

undertaken on 31 December 2012.

The finished windows are stored within 20 aisles of the first warehouse. The second

warehouse is for large piles of raw materials, such as sand, used in the manufacture of

glass. The following arrangements have been made for the inventory count:

The warehouse manager will supervise the count as he is most familiar with the inventory.

There will be ten teams of counters and each team will contain two members of staff, one

from the finance and one from the manufacturing department. None of the warehouse staff,

other than the manager, will be involved in the count.

Each team will count an aisle of finished goods by counting up and then down each aisle. As

this process is systematic, it is not felt that the team will need to flag areas once counted.

Once the team has finished counting an aisle, they will hand in their sheets and be given a

set for another aisle of the warehouse. In addition to the above, to assist with the inventory

counting, there will be two teams of counters from the internal audit department and they

will perform inventory counts.

The count sheets are sequentially numbered, and the product codes and descriptions are

printed on them but no quantities. If the counters identify any inventory which is not on

their sheets, then they are to enter the item on a separate sheet, which is not numbered.

Once all counting is complete, the sequence of the sheets is checked and any additional

sheets are also handed in at this stage. All sheets are completed in ink.

Any damaged goods identified by the counters will be too heavy to move to a central

location, hence they are to be left where they are but the counter is to make a note on the

inventory sheets detailing the level of damage.

As Lily undertakes continuous production, there will continue to be movements of raw

materials and finished goods in and out of the warehouse during the count. These will be

kept to a minimum where possible.

The level of work-in-progress in the manufacturing plant is to be assessed by the

warehouse manager. It is likely that this will be an immaterial balance. In addition, the raw

materials quantities are to be approximated by measuring the height and width of the raw

material piles. In the past this task has been undertaken by a specialist; however, thewarehouse manager feels confident that he can perform this task.


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Required:

(a) For the inventory count arrangements of Lily Window Glass Co:

(i) Identify and explain SIX deficiencies; and

(ii) Provide a recommendation to address each deficiency.

The total marks will be split equally between each part (12 marks)

You are the audit senior of Daffodil & Co and are responsible for the audit of inventory for

Lily. You will be attending the year-end inventory count on 31 December 2012.

In addition, your manager wishes to utilise computer-assisted audit techniques for the first

time for controls and substantive testing in auditing Lily Window Glass Cos inventory.

Required:

(b) Describe the procedures to be undertaken by the auditor DURING the

inventory count of Lily Window Glass Co in order to gain sufficient appropriate

audit evidence. (6 marks)

(c) For the audit of the inventory cycle and year-end inventory balance of Lily

Window Glass Co:

(i) Describe FOUR audit procedures that could be carried out using

computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATS);(ii) Explain the potential advantages of using CAATs; and

(iii) Explain the potential disadvantages of using CAATs.

The total marks will be split equally between each part (12 marks)

(30 marks)


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2, DEC2011 Q1 payroll system

Introduction and client background

You are the audit senior of Blair & Co and your team has just completed the interim audit

of Chuck Industries Co, whose year end is 31 January 2012. You are in the process ofreviewing the systems testing completed on the payroll cycle, as well as preparing the audit

programmes for the final audit.

Chuck Industries Co manufactures lights and the manufacturing process is predominantly

automated; however there is a workforce of 85 employees, who monitor the machines, as

well as approximately 50 employees who work in sales and administration. The company

manufactures 24 hours a day seven days a week.

Below is a description of the payroll system along with deficiencies identified by the audit

team:

Factory workforce The company operates three shifts every day with employees working

eight hours each. They are required to clock in and out using an employee swipe card,

which identifies the employee number and links into the hours worked report produced by

the computerised payroll system. Employees are paid on an hourly basis for each hour

worked. There is no monitoring/supervision of the clocking in/out process and an employee

was witnessed clocking in several employees using their employee swipe cards.

The payroll department calculates on a weekly basis the cash wages to be paid to theworkforce, based on the hours worked report multiplied by the hourly wage rate, with

appropriate tax deductions. These calculations are not checked by anyone as they are

generated by the payroll system. During the year the hourly wage was increased by the

Human Resources (HR) department and this was notified to the payroll department

verbally.

Each Friday, the payroll department prepares the pay packets and physically hands these

out to the workforce, who operate the morning and late afternoon shifts, upon production

of identification. However, for the night shift workers, the pay packets are given to the

factory supervisor to distribute. If any night shift employees are absent on pay day then the

factory supervisor keeps these wages and returns them to the payroll department on

Monday.

Sales and administration staff

The sales and administration staff are paid monthly by bank transfer. Employee numbers

do fluctuate and during July two administration staff joined; however, due to staff holidays

in the HR department, they delayed informing the payroll department, resulting in incorrect

salaries being paid out.


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Required:

(a) For the deficiencies already identified in the payroll system of Chuck

Industries Co:

(i) explain the possible implications of these; and(ii) suggest a recommendation to address each deficiency. (12 marks)

(b) Describe substantive procedures you should now perform to confirm the

accuracy and completeness of Chuck Industries payroll charge. (6 marks)

(c) Last week the company had a visit from the tax authorities who reviewed the wages

calculations and discovered that incorrect levels of tax had been deducted by the payroll

system, as the tax rates from the previous year had not been updated. The finance director

has queried with the audit team why they did not identify this non-compliance with tax

legislation during last years audit.

Required:

Explain the responsibilities of management and auditors of Chuck Industries Co

in relation to compliance with law and regulations under ISA 250 Consideration

of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of FinancialStatements. (4 marks)

(d) Chuck Industries has decided to outsource its sales ledger department and as a result

it is making 14 employees redundant. A redundancy provision, which is material, will beincluded in the draft accounts.

Required:

Describe substantive procedures you should perform to confirm the redundancy

provision at the year end. (4 marks)

(e) Chuck Industries is considering establishing an internal audit (IA) department next

year. The finance director has asked whether the work performed by the IA department can

be relied upon by Blair & Co.

Required:

Explain the factors that should be considered by an external auditor before

reliance can be placed on the work performed by a companys internal audit

department. (4 marks)

(30 marks)


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3,unusual system evaluation-sales system June2012 Q1

Pear International Co (Pear) is a manufacturer of electrical equipment. It has factories

across the country and its customer base includes retailers as well as individuals, to whom

direct sales are made through their website. The companys year end is 30 September 2012.You are an audit supervisor of Apple & Co and are currently reviewing documentation of

Pears internal control in preparation for the interim audit.

Pears website allows individuals to order goods directly, and full payment is taken in

advance. Currently the website is not integrated into the inventory system and inventory

levels are not checked at the time when orders are placed.

Goods are despatched via local couriers; however, they do not always record customer

signatures as proof that the customer has received the goods. Over the past 12 months

there have been customer complaints about the delay between sales orders and receipt of

goods. Pear has investigated these and found that, in each case, the sales order had been

entered into the sales system correctly but was not forwarded to the despatch department

for fulfilling.

Pears retail customers undergo credit checks prior to being accepted and credit limits are

set accordingly by sales ledger clerks. These customers place their orders through one of

the sales team, who decides on sales discount levels.

Raw materials used in the manufacturing process are purchased from a wide range ofsuppliers. As a result of staff changes in the purchase ledger department, supplier

statement reconciliations are no longer performed. Additionally, changes to supplier details

in the purchase ledger master file can be undertaken by purchase ledger clerks as well as

supervisors.

In the past six months Pear has changed part of its manufacturing process and as a result

some new equipment has been purchased, however, there are considerable levels of plant

and equipment which are now surplus to requirement. Purchase requisitions for all new

equipment have been authorised by production supervisors and little has been done to

reduce the surplus of old equipment.

Required:

(a) In respect of the internal control of Pear International Co:

(i) Identify and explain FIVE deficiencies;

(ii) Recommend a control to address each of these deficiencies; and

(iii) Describe a test of control Apple & Co would perform to assess if each of these

controls is operating effectively. (15 marks)


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(b) Describe substantive procedures you should perform at the year end to

confirm each of the following for plant and equipment:

(i) Additions; and

(ii) Disposals. (4 marks)

(c) Pears finance director has expressed an interest in Apple & Co performing other review

engagements in addition to the external audit; however, he is unsure how much assurance

would be gained via these engagements and how this differs to the assurance provided by

an external audit.

Required:

Identify and explain the level of assurance provided by an external audit and

other review engagements.

(3 marks)

Pears directors are considering establishing an internal audit department next year, and

the finance director has asked about the differences between internal audit and external

audit and what impact, if any, establishing an internal audit department would have on

future external audits performed by Apple & Co.

Required:

(d) Distinguish between internal audit and external audit. (4 marks)

(e) Explain the potential impact on the work performed by Apple & Co during theinterim and final audits, if Pear International Co was to establish an internal audit

department. (4 marks)

(30 marks)


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4, purchase system Dec2010 Q1

1 (a) Auditors have a responsibility under ISA 265 Communicating Deficiencies in Internal

Control to those Charged with Governance and Management, to communicate deficiencies

in internal controls. In particular SIGNIFICANTdeficiencies in internal controls must becommunicated in writing to those charged with governance.

Required:

Explain examples of matters the auditor should consider in determining whether

a deficiency in internal controls is significant. (5 marks)

Greystone Co is a retailer of ladies clothing and accessories. It operates in many countries

around the world and has expanded steadily from its base in Europe. Its main market is

aimed at 15 to 35 year olds and its prices are mid to low range. The companys year end

was 30 September 2010.

In the past the company has bulk ordered its clothing and accessories twice a year.

However, if their goods failed to meet the key fashion trends then this resulted in significant

inventory write downs. As a result of this the company has recently introduced a just in

time ordering system. The fashion buyers make an assessment nine months in advance as

to what the key trends are likely to be, these goods are sourced from their suppliers but

only limited numbers are initially ordered.

Greystone Co has an internal audit department but at present their only role is to perform

regular inventory counts at the stores.

Ordering process

Each country has a purchasing manager who decides on the initial inventory levels for each

store, this is not done in conjunction with store or sales managers. These quantities are

communicated to the central buying department at the head office in Europe. An ordering

clerk amalgamates all country orders by specified regions of countries, such as Central

Europe and North America, and passes them to the purchasing director to review and

authorise.

As the goods are sold, it is the store managers responsibility to re-order the goods through

the purchasing manager; they are prompted weekly to review inventory levels as although

the goods are just in time, it can still take up to four weeks for goods to be received in store.

It is not possible to order goods from other branches of stores as all ordering must be

undertaken through the purchasing manager. If a customer requests an item of clothing,

which is unavailable in a particular store, then the customer is provided with other branch

telephone numbers or recommended to try the company website.


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Goods received and Invoicing

To speed up the ordering to receipt of goods cycle, the goods are delivered directly from the

suppliers to the individual stores. On receipt of goods the quantities received are checked

by a sales assistant against the suppliers delivery note, and then the assistant produces agoods received note (GRN). This is done at quiet times of the day so as to maximize sales.

The checked GRNs are sent to head office for matching with purchase invoices.

As purchase invoices are received they are manually matched to GRNs from the stores, this

can be a very time consuming process as some suppliers may have delivered to over 500

stores. Once the invoice has been agreed then it is sent to the purchasing director for

authorisation. It is at this stage that the invoice is entered onto the purchase ledger.

Required:

(b) As the external auditors of Greystone Co, write a report to management in

respect of the purchasing system which:

(i) Identifies and explains FOUR deficiencies in that system;

(ii) Explains the possible implication of each deficiency;

(iii) Provides a recommendation to address each deficiency.

A covering letter is required.

Note: Up to two marks will be awarded within this requirement for presentation. (14 marks)

(c) Describe substantive procedures the auditor should perform on the year-end

trade payables of Greystone Co.

(5 marks)

(d) Describe additional assignments that the internal audit department of

Greystone Co could be asked to perform by those charged with governance. (6

marks)

(30 marks)


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Q2 revision

Here I am going to mix all possible aspects up in to one single question.

And this has almost covered all of the aspects in F8 you need to know.


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(g) ISA 580 Management Representations provides guidance on the use of management

representations as audit evidence.

Required:

List SIX items that could be included in a management representation letter. (3

marks)[June2008]

(h) ISA 620 Using the Work of an Expert explains how an auditor may use an expert to

obtain audit evidence.

Required:

Explain THREE factors that the external auditor should consider when assessing

the competence and objectivity of the expert. (3 marks)

[dec2008]

(i) Auditors have various duties to perform in their role as auditors, for example, to assess

the truth and fairness of the financial statements.

Required:

Explain THREE rights that enable auditors to carry out their duties. (3 marks)

[dec2008]

(j) List and explain FOUR methods of selecting a sample of items to test from a

population in accordance with ISA 530 (Redrafted)Audit Sampling and Other

Means of Testing. (4 marks)

[june2009]

(k) List and explain 7 assertions from ISA 500Audit Evidence that relate to the

recording of classes of transactions. (7 marks)

[june2009 modified]

(l) ISA 500Audit Evidence requires audit evidence to be reliable.

Required:

List FOUR factors that influence the reliability of audit evidence. (4 marks)

[DEC2009]

(m) ISA 260 (Revised and Redrafted) Communication with Those Charged with

Governance deals with the auditors responsibility to communicate with those charged with

governance in relation to an audit of financial statements.

Required:

(i) Describe TWO specific responsibilities of those charged with governance; (2

marks)

(ii) Explain FOUR examples of matters that might be communicated to them by

the auditor. (4 marks)[DEC2009]


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(n) Auditors are frequently required to provide assurance for a range of non-audit

engagements.

Required:

List and explain the elements of an assurance engagement. (5 marks)

[June2010]

(o) ISA 320 Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit provides guidance on the

concept of materiality in planning and performing an audit.

Required:

Define materiality and determine how the level of materiality is assessed. (5

marks)

[June2010]

(p)Explain the concept of TRUE and FAIR presentation. (4 marks)[DEC2010]

(Q) Explain the status of International Standards on Auditing. (2 marks)

[DEC2010]

(R) ISA 230Audit Documentation deals with the auditors responsibility to prepare audit

documentation for an audit of financial statements.

Required:

State FOUR benefits of documenting audit work. (4 marks)

[DEC2010]

(S)ISA 210Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements provides guidance on the content of

engagement letters and deals with the auditors responsibilities in agreeing the terms of the

audit engagement with management.

[June2011]

Required:

(i) State the purpose of an engagement letter. (1 mark)

(T) ISA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through

Understanding the Entity and Its Environment requires auditors to understand the entitys

internal control. An entitys internal control is made upof several components. [DEC2011]

Required:

State the FIVE components of an entitys internal control and give a brief

explanation of each component.

(5 marks)

(u) ISA 300 Planning an Audit of Financial Statements provides guidance to assist auditors


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1, Risks:

DEC2011 Q3 modified

3 (a) Explain the components of audit risk and, for each component, state an

example of a factor which can result in increased audit risk. (6 marks)

Abrahams Co develops, manufactures and sells a range of pharmaceuticals and has a wide

customer base across Europe and Asia. You are the audit manager of Nate & Co and you are

planning the audit of Abrahams Co whose financial year end is 31 January. You attended a

planning meeting with the finance director and engagement partner and are now reviewing

the meeting notes in order to produce the audit strategy and plan. Revenue for the year is

forecast at $25 million.

During the year the company has spent $22 million on developing several new products.

Some of these are in the early stages of development whilst others are nearing completion.

The finance director has confirmed that all projects are likely to be successful and so he is

intending to capitalise the full $22 million.

Once products have completed the development stage, Abrahams begins manufacturing

them. At the year end it is anticipated that there will be significant levels of work in progress.

In addition the company uses a standard costing method to value inventory; the standard

costs are set when a product is first manufactured and are not usually updated. In order to

fulfil customer orders promptly, Abrahams Co has warehouses for finished goods located

across Europe and Asia; approximately one third of these are third party warehouses whereAbrahams just rents space.

In September a new accounting package was introduced. This is a bespoke system

developed by the information technology (IT) manager. The old and new packages were

not run in parallel as it was felt that this would be too onerous for the accounting team. Two

months after the system changeover the IT manager left the company; a new manager has

been recruited but is not due to start work until January.

In order to fund the development of new products, Abrahams has restructured its finance

and raised $1 million through issuing shares at a premium and $25 million through a

long-term loan. There are bank covenants attached to the loan, the main one relating to a

minimum level of total assets. If these covenants are breached then the loan becomes

immediately repayable. The company has a policy of revaluing land and buildings, and the

finance director has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued as at the year

end.

The reporting timetable for audit completion of Abrahams Co is quite short, and the finance

director would like to report results even earlier this year.


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Required:

(b) Using the information provided, identify and describe FIVE audit risks and

explain the auditors response to each risk in planning the audit of Abrahams Co.

(10 marks)

(c) Describe substantive procedures you should perform to obtain sufficient

appropriate evidence in relation to:

(i) Inventory held at the third party warehouses; and

(ii) Use of standard costs for inventory valuation. (4 marks)

(d) Discuss the importance of assessing risks at the planning stage of an audit.

(4 marks) [june2010 Q1(b)]

(24 marks)


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2 Ethics

1, DEC2011 Q4:

(a) Explain what is meant by corporate governance and why it is important. (3marks)

(b) Serena VDW Co has been trading for over 20 years and obtained a listing on a stock

exchange five years ago. It provides specialist training in accounting and finance.

The listing rules of the stock exchange require compliance with corporate governance

principles, and the directors are fairly confident that they are following best practice in

relation to this. However, they have recently received an email from a significant

shareholder, who is concerned that Serena VDW Co does not comply with corporate

governance principles.

Serena VDW Cos board is comprised of six directors; there are four execu tives who

originally set up the company and two non-executive directors who joined Serena VDW Co

just prior to the listing. Each director has a specific area of responsibility and only the

finance director reviews the financial statements and budgets.

The chief executive officer, Daniel Brown, set up the audit committee and he sits on this

sub-committee along with the finance director and the non-executive directors. As the

board is relatively small, and to save costs, Daniel Brown has recently taken on the role of

chairman of the board. It is the finance director and the chairman who make decisions onthe appointment and remuneration of the external auditors. Again, to save costs, no

internal audit function has been set up to monitor internal controls.

The executive directors remuneration is proposed by the finance director and approved by

the chairman. They are paid an annual salary as well as a generous annual revenue related

bonus.

Since the company listed, the directors have remained unchanged and none have been

subject to re-election by shareholders.

Required:

Describe SIX corporate governance weaknesses faced by Serena VDW Co and

provide recommendations to address each weakness, to ensure compliance with

corporate governance principles. (12 marks)

(c) Explain the auditors ethical responsibilities with regard to client

confidentiality and when they have an:

(i) obligatory responsibility; and

(ii) voluntary responsibility to disclose client information. (5 marks)(20 marks)


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3 Internal audit

DEC2007 Q3 (a)

Factors limiting the independence of internal audit department

Matalas Co sells cars, car parts and petrol from 25 different locations in one country.

Each branch has up to 20 staff working there, although most of the accounting

systems are designed and implemented from the companys head office. All

accounting systems, apart from petty cash, are computerised, with the internal

audit department frequently dvising and implementing controls within those

systems.

Matalas has an internal audit department of six staff, all of whom have been

employed at Matalas for a minimum of ive years and some for as long as 15 years.

In the past, the chief internal auditor appoints staff within the internal uditdepartment, although the chief executive officer (CEO) is responsible for

appointing the chief internal auditor.

The chief internal auditor reports directly to the finance director. The finance

director also assists the chief internal auditor in deciding on the scope of work of

the internal audit department.

Required:(a)Explain the issues which limit the independence of the internal audit department

in Matalas Co. Recommend a way of overcoming each issue. (8 marks)

(b) Describe substantive procedures an auditor would perform in verifying a

companys bank balance. (7 marks) [June2010 Q3(c)]


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4 Analytical procedures and bank confirmation letter

June2008 Q3

(a) With reference to ISA 520Analytical Procedures explain

(i) what is meant by the term analyticalprocedures; (2 marks)(ii) the different types of analytical procedures available to the auditor; and (3

marks)

(iii) the situations in the audit when analytical procedures can be used. (3 marks)

Zak Co sells garden sheds and furniture from 15 retail outlets. Sales are made to

individuals, with income being in the form of cash and debit cards. All items purchased are

delivered to the customer using Zaks own delivery vans;

most sheds are too big for individuals to transport in their own motor vehicles. The directors

of Zak indicate that the company has had a difficult year, but are pleased to present some

acceptable results to the members.

The income statements for the last two financial years are shown below:

31 march 2008 31 march 2007

Revenue 7,482 6,364

Cost of sales (3,520) (4,253)

Gross profit 3,962 2,111

Operating expensesAdmin (1,235) (1,320)

Selling and distribution (981) (689)

Interest payable (101) (105)

Investment income 145 -

Profit/(loss) before tax 1,790 (3)

Financial statement extract

Cash and bank 253 (950)

Required:

(b) As part of your risk assessment procedures for Zak Co, identify and provide a

possible explanation for unusual changes in the income statement. (9 marks)

(c) Confirmation of the end of year bank balances is an important audit procedure.

Required:

Explain the procedures necessary to obtain a bank confirmation letter from Zak

Cos bank.

(3 marks)

(20 marks)


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Q5 revision

This question is focusing on stage 5+6 of your audit flowchart.

Top tips:1, DEC2011Q5: subsequent events (ISA560)

2, June2010: Going concern; audit reporting

3, DEC2010: Auditing accounting estimates; written representations; audit report


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1, DEC2011 Q5

(a) Describe the auditors responsibility for subsequent events occurring

between:

(i) The year-end date and the date the auditors report is signed; and

(ii) The date the auditors report is signed and the date the financial statements

are issued.

(5 marks)

(b) Humphries Co operates a chain of food wholesalers across the country and its year end

was 30 September 2011.

The final audit is nearly complete and it is proposed that the financial statements and audit

report will be signed on 13 December. Revenue for the year is $78 million and profit before

taxation is $75 million. The following events have occurred subsequent to the year end.

Receivable

A customer of Humphries Co has been experiencing cash flow problems and its year-end

balance is $03 million.

The company has just become aware that its customer is experiencing significant going

concern difficulties.

Humphries believe that as the company has been trading for many years, they will receive

some, if not full, payment from the customer; hence they have not adjusted the receivable

balance.

Lawsuit

A key supplier of Humphries Co is suing them for breach of contract. The lawsuit was filed

prior to the year end, and the sum claimed by them is $1 million. This has been disclosed

as a contingent liability in the notes to the financial statements; however correspondence

has just arrived from the supplier indicating that they are willing to settle the case for a

payment by Humphries Co of $06 million. It is likely that the company will agree to this.

Warehouse

Humphries Co has three warehouses; following extensive rain on 20 November significant

rain and river water flooded the warehouse located in Bass. All of the inventory was

damaged and has been disposed of. The insurance company has already been contacted.

No amendments or disclosures have been made in the financial statements.


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Required:

For each of the three events above:

(i) discuss whether the financial statements require amendment;

(ii) describe audit procedures that should be performed in order to form a

conclusion on the amendment; and

(iii) explain the impact on the audit report should the issue remain unresolved.

(15 marks)

Note: The total marks will be split equally between each event.

(20 marks)


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DEC2010 (VERY IMPORTANT!)

Greenfields Co specialises in manufacturing equipment which can help to reduce toxic

emissions in the production of chemicals. The company has grown rapidly over the past

eight years and this is due partly to the warranties that the company gives to its customers.

It guarantees its products for five years and if problems arise in this period it undertakes tofix them, or provide a replacement product.

You are the manager responsible for the audit of Greenfields and you are performing the

final review stage of the audit and have come across the following two issues.

Receivable balance owing from Yellowmix Co

Greenfields has a material receivable balance owing from its customer, Yellowmix Co.

During the year-end audit, your team reviewed the ageing of this balance and found that no

payments had been received from Yellowmix for over six months, and Greenfields would

not allow this balance to be circularised. Instead management has assured your team that

they will provide a written representation confirming that the balance is recoverable.

Warranty provision

The warranty provision included within the statement of financial position is material. The

audit team has performed testing over the calculations and assumptions which are

consistent with prior years. The team has requested a written representation from

management confirming the basis and amount of the provision are reasonable.

Management has yet to confirm acceptance of this representation.

Required:(a) Describe the audit procedures required in respect of accounting estimates. (5

marks)

(b) For each of the two issues above:

(i) Discuss the appropriateness of written representations as a form of audit

evidence; and

(4 marks)

(ii) Describe additional procedures the auditor should now perform in order to

reach a conclusion on the balance to be included in the financial statements.

(6 marks)

Note: The total marks will be split equally between each issue.

(c) The directors of Greenfields have decided not to provide the audit firm with the written

representation for the warranty provision as they feel that it is unnecessary.

Required:

Explain the steps the auditor of Greenfields Co should now take and the impact on

the audit report in relation to the refusal to provide the written representation.

(5 marks)

(20 marks)


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ACCA F8 Audit & Assurance (INT)

JUNE2014

Live Online 2 Days Revision Note Answer

Tutor: Steve Harris


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(b) Only 6points required. (During the counting!)

Auditor should observe the count to ensure count instructions are being followed.

auditor should inspect the identity of the counting staff to ensure staff involved in

counting are independent. Auditor should inspect a sample of inventory counting sheets to confirm

completeness.

Auditor should observe the counting process to ensure inventory counted are

labeled.

Auditor should observe the counting process to ensure areas are divided into

different areas and all of them have been counted.

Auditor should inspect the signature from a second check after the first check has

been done.

Auditor should enquire with management to familiarize themselves of how the

goods during the movement are recorded to ensure its accuracy.

Auditor should perform test counts from floor to sheet(inventory counting sheet) tp

confirm completeness.

Auditor should perform test counts from sheet(inventory counting sheet) to floor to

confirm existence.

IF before counting is asked then answer would be:

Auditor should enquire with management to ensure staff involved in the counting

are informed.

Auditor should obtain the inventory counting procedure to ensure its accurate andin line with auditors understanding.

Auditor should enquire with management about the work in progress and ensure

its in line with auditors business understanding.

Auditor should timetable the audit junior about the inventory counting, ie, they

should check during the counting process.

IF control procedures are asked then you can list how the company is gonna do: a few

ideas:

None of the warehouse staff will be involved in the count(they are familiar with

them and cover the mistakes they make)

Teams of two performing the count(one counts and one checks)

Handing in the sheets after each good has been counted.

Count sheets should be pre numbered and contain quantities

Count sheets should be completed in ink


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IF control objective is asked then you need to say WHY company has done the above

control procedures? so you should start with To ensure that. Eg,

Control procedures: (by company)

Count sheets should be pre numbered and contain quantities:

Control objective: (by company)

To ensure that count sheets are complete.

Test of control/ control testing/audit procedures (by auditor)

Auditor should inspect a sample of count sheets to ensure they are pre-numbered.


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June2012 Q1

(a) only 5 points are required.

Deficiency Control(control procedures) Test of control(audit procedures/control testing)

1,no inventory integration onthe website which will lead to

impairment of reputation

because orders by customers

are not with sufficient

inventory

Integrate inventory on thewebsite and if theres no

inventory currently when

orders placed so waiting time

should be presented to

customers.

Auditor can input an order ofinventory which is currently out of

stock and expect a reject from the

system with appropriate waiting

time.

2, no signature made by

customer when they receive

the goods and this will lead to

a situation where customers

claim they havent received

goods but they have actually

received them.

Pear should obtain signature

from customers when goods

dispatch to them.

Auditor can inspect sample of

dispatches to confirm signatures

made.

3, when sales orders placed

this are not forwarded to

dispatch department leading

to delay and hence it will

impair goodwill from

customers.

When orders are placed they

should be forwarded to

dispatch department.

Auditor can inspect a sample of

sales order to verify they have been

forwarded to the dispatch

department.

4, sales ledger clerk setscredit limit and they may set

the credit too high leading to

an increase in bad debts.

Discounts should be set by asenior member within the

sales team.

Auditor can inspect authorization ofcredit limit signature to confirm it

has been done by a senior member

in the sales team.

5, all sales team members can

set discount and this will lead

to a loss in revenue given they

prefer to boost sales.

A limit should be set on the

discount granted by the sales

team.

Auditor can inspect the limit on the

discount given by sales team to

confirm its existence.

6, suppliers statement

reconciliation are not done on

a timely basis which may lead

to errors in recording

purchases and payables.

Supplier statement

reconciliation should be done

on a monthly basis.

Auditor can inspect the supplier

statement reconciliation to confirm

it has been done on a timely basis.

7, purchase ledger clerk can

amend the supplier details in

the master file and this will

lead to suppliers data being

manipulated, ie, fictitious

supplier created.

Only purchase supervisor will

have the authority to get

access to the amendment of

the master file.

Auditor can use one of the purchase

clerk ID to get access to and amend

the supplier master file and expect

a reject from it.


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(b)

ABC & Co

Certified Accountants

29 High Street

The Board of DirectorsGreystone Co

15 Low Street

8 December 2010

Dear Sirs,

Audit of Greystone Co for year ended 30 September 2010

This report details efficiencies implications and recommendations to the efficiency.

(i) Deficiency (ii) Implication (iii) Recommendation

1, The purchasing manager decides on the

inventory levels for each store without

discussion with store or sales managers.

This could result in stores

ordering

goods that are not likely to sell.

The purchasing manager should

initially hold a meeting with area

managers of stores before agreeing jointly

goods to be purchased.

2, The purchase orders are only

reviewed and only authorised by a

purchasing director

It will be difficult for the

purchasing

director to know everything

about the purchase decision.

Decision can be authorized by senior

purchasing manager and then passed to

the purchasing director for final review

and sign off.

3, The store managers are responsible for

re-ordering goods through the purchasing

manager.

If the store managers forget or

order

too late, then as the ordering

process will delay and result instock out.

Automatic re-order levels should be set up

in the inventory management systems.

4, Customers are told to contact the stores

themselves of use company website if the

goods are unavailable.

Customers are less likely to

contact

individual stores themselves

and this could result in the

company losing sales.

An internal ordering system should be

set up which allows for the transfer of

goods between stores.

5, Goods are then checked by sales

assistants to the suppliersdelivery note to

agree quantities but not quality.

If the sales assistants are only

checking quantities then goods

which are not of a saleable

condition (bad quality) may be

accepted.

The goods should then be checked on

arrival for quantity and quality before

acceptance.

6, Goods are being received without

any checks being made against

purchase orders.

This could result in Greystone

receiving and subsequently

paying for goods it did not

require.

A copy of authorised orders should be

kept at the relevant store and checked

against GRNs.

7, Purchase invoices are manually

matched to a high volume of GRNs

from the individual stores.

A manual checking process

increases the risk of error.

The checked GRNs should be logged onto

the purchasing system, matched against

the relevant order number, then as the

invoice is received this should beautomatically matched.


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Q2 Q mix

(a) mnemonics: FARSES

Fee cover note:It explains the basis of fees.

Address

Engagement letter is address to directors not shareholders.

Responsibilities

A section on the responsibility of auditor and directors.

Scope

A very detailed section explaining the basis of the audit.

Extras

The non audit engagement services such as tax consultations can also be included in

the engagement letter.

Signature

Signatures of both auditor and CEO.

(b)(AEIOU)Analytical procedure

Auditors can compare financial and non-financial information to identify the

unexpected situation.

Enquiry

Auditors can enquire with management within company to confirm something,eg,

existence.

Inspection

Auditors can inspect particular documents to confirm something, eg, accuracy.

Observation

Auditors can observe a process to confirm its existence.

Recalculation

Auditors can recalculate the balance to confirm its accuracy.


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(g) ISA580 content within management representation (6points)

Mnemonics: Briefl

B: Books and records are available to auditors.R: Related parties are fully disclosed.

I: No plan to abandon product line resulting in the inventory being obsolete.

E: Events after the reporting period have all been disclosed.

F: Financial statements are not materially misstated and omitted.

L: Laws and regulations are complied by management.

(H)

Competence

The expert should be a member of a professional body.

The expert should have relevant experience and reputation in doing the work in the

filed.

Independence:

The expert should not be employed by the client.

(i)3 auditors right covered in tuition video

The auditor has the right of having access to the companys books and records at

any reasonable time for audit purposes.

The auditor has the right to require from the companys officers the information and

explanations that the auditor considers necessary to perform their duties as

auditors.

The auditor has a right to receive a copy of those resolutions where the company

uses written resolutions.


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(J) Tutor tips: sampling can either be statistical sampling using extrapolation or

non-statistical sampling using judgment.

Statistical sampling: Random sampling:

This ensures every item in the population will have an equal chance of being selected.

Monetary unit sampling:

This ensures every $1 in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Non-statistical sampling:

Haphazard sampling:

This means auditor will not use structured method to sample but rather base on the

amount selected.

Block sampling:

This means auditor will choose a block of samples within a population, eg, selecting the

first 3months figures.

(K) Tutor tips:

Assertions relating to SOCI: OCACC

Assertions relating to SFP: CRAVE Occurrence.

The transactions recorded have actually occurred.

Completeness. (both in SFP and SOCI)

All transactions recorded have been recorded.

Accuracy. (in SFP called valuation)

The amounts of recorded transactions are correct.

Cut-off.

Transactions have been recorded in the correct accounting period.

Classification. (in SFP called allocation)

Transactions have been recorded in the correct accounts.

Rights and obligation

Assets and liabilities recorded actually belong to company.

ExistenceAssets recorded by company actually exist.


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Adjusting events

Any event needs adjusting should be communicated to those charged with governance

if not made by the management.

(n) mnemonics: S3SER

Subject matter

This explains whether the assurance engagement is audit engagement or non-audit

engagement.

3parties

3 part involved includes:

Practitioner, ie, auditor if its audit engagement.

Responsible party, ie, directors.

Users, ie, shareholders.

Standards

This explains what standard the auditor need to comply with, eg, for audit its ISAs.

Evidence

This explains how much evidence that auditor needs to obtain, ie, sufficient and

appropriate audit evidence if its audit.

Report

This explains either positive audit assurance or negative audit assurance will be given.


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(o) ISA320 materiality

1, Definition:

A misstatement is material if it affects investor economic decisions.

2, Quantity of misstatement:The quantity of the misstatement refers to the relative size of it and its always

calculated as follows:

0.5%-1% of total revenue

1%-2% of total assets

5%-10% of total profit before tax.

3, Quality of misstatement:

The quality of the misstatement is important because of WHAT they are, rather than

the actual size of the error, eg, creative accounting.

4, Aggregation:

In assessing materiality the auditor must consider that a number of errors each with a

low value may when aggregated amount to a material misstatement.

5, Performance materiality:

This is the lower figure set up at the planning stage by the auditor to help guide the

auditor in deciding whether the client is a risky client or not.

(p) true and fair view

True

This means financial information should comply with relevant accounting

standards.

Eg, research expense should always be expensed to the income statement

according to ISA38.

Fair

This means financial information should reflect the true substance of thetransaction.

Eg, if the lease transaction complies with finance lease condition then it

should be classified into finance lease rather than operating lease.


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(T) ISA315: the examiner has tested you one aspect of the 5 within ISA315:

Control environment

This means whether management deems internal control system of the

company very important and if yes then the control environment is strong.

Risk assessment

This means how the management of the company assess the business risks

and quantify their likelihood and impact on the company.

Information system

This means how the assets and liabilities are generated by the company

using its information system.

Control proceduresThis means procedures implemented by company to meet with control

objective, eg, quality check of goods when arrival to ensure goods are in

good condition to be sold.

Monitoring control

This is usually done by internal auditors to monitor controls to ensure they

are working not just paper work.

(U) ISA300 benefits of audit planning

It can help auditors develop a suitable method to audit, eg, system based

approach or full substantive testing approach.

It can help auditors allocate resources during the audit, eg, allocate staff

to another country to do the audit.

It can help auditors focus on the high risk areas.

It can help auditors generate into appropriate audit procedures to be

used in the material and high risky areas when actually performing the

audit.

(V) ISA530 sampling methods

Same answer as (j)

(W) auditors right

Same as i


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(X) ISA315 about control activities [mnemonics: CARCAP]

Only 4 points required.

Comparison

Comparing the budgeted company performance with the actual one.

Authorisation

There would be authorization of transaction by management to ensure

transaction is genuine.

Reconciliations

Bank reconciliation should be done to identify any difference and investigate

reasons why.

Computer ControlsPassword should be set to protect the access of the system by others.

Arithmetical

There should be controls which check the arithmetical accuracy of

accounting records.

Physical

There should be restricting access to physical assets such as cash to reduce

the risk of theft.


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Q3+Q4 revision

DEC2011 Q3modified

(a)

Inherent risk

This is a risk happened in the first place.

Eg: if the balance is very complicated then accountants would easily make a

mistake. / change in industry

Control risk

This is a risk that errors cant be detected by internal control system.

Eg: no segregation of duties between accountant and cashier leading to

cash being stolen.

Detection risk

This is a risk that errors cant be detected by auditors.

Eg: auditor lacks of experience to deal with the issue and cant spot the

mistake.

(b)

Tutor tips:Audit risk is usually asked in p7 exam and we follow these 3 steps to

generate into high quality answers:

What

Risk that accounting standard not complied with

Impact (asset/liability/income/expense under/over stated)

Only 5 points are required but for illustrative purposes I have listed 9 points.


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5,

IT manager left the company and the

system is bespoke.

Theres a risk any errors faced by

staff will not be addressed by them.

This will lead to misstatements in the

financial statements.

Auditors should enquire with

management of how to deal with this

risk and consider further actions

needed.

6,

Equity finance of $1m is raised.

There is a risk that if shares are

issued above/under the par value

then share capital and premium is

wrongly accounted for.

And it would lead to a misstatement

in the equity figure.

Auditor should recalculate the share

capital and premium to verify its

accuracy.

7,

Covenants are attached to the

$2.5m loan and if covenant is

breached then loan would be

repayable.

Theres a risk that a liability and

expense hasn't been recorded

according to IAS37 provisions,

contingent liabilities and contingent

assets or a contingent liability is not

disclosed.

This will result in expenses and

liability being understated or under

disclosure of contingent liability.

Auditors should enquire with

management about the possibility of

the repayment and to recalculate its

current financial ratio as well.

8,

land and buildings are revalued at

the year end.

Theres risk that revaluation reserve

is not properly recognized as per

IAS16.

This will result in the PPE beingmisstated.

Auditors should obtain the

breakdown of the land and buildings

and recalculate it to verify its

accuracy.


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June2010 Q4 Ethics(2)

(a) Mnemonics: SSAFIM, only 5points required.

Self-interest threatThis can arise from acceptance of financial benefit from clients management.

Self-review threat

This can arise from designing and auditing the system by auditor.

Advocacy threat

This can arise from acting on behalf of client and promoting status of clients company

by auditors.

Familiarity threat

This can arise from being too close to management, eg, long association with client.

Intimidation threat

This can arise from pressure placed by client management, eg, threaten to remove

auditors.

Management threat

This can arise from making decision for client by auditor.

(b)

Threats How its solved

1, Staff are entitled to a 10% discount

to buy telephone which creates a self

interest threat meaning in order to keep

the discount auditors may give a wrong

opinion to keep client happy.

If the discount is significant then

auditor should decline the offer.

2, Audit senior was seconded to be a

financial controller so this creates a self

review threat meaning when checking

his own work he may lose professional

skepticism to do the work and hence

ignore the mistakes made.

So he should be removed to be an

auditor for LV fones co.

3, Total income from LV jones accounts

for 16% of firms income and this

exceeds 15% and hence creates a self

interest threat meaning in order to keep

the income auditors may issue a wrongaudit opinion to satisfy client.

Auditor should consider resign from LV

fones./

Auditor should consider to do a quality

review on the audit work done.


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4, Finance director and audit partner

has a close relationship and this creates

a familiarity threat meaning audit

partner may keep mistakes made by

finance director and hence gives awrong audit opinion.

An alternative audit partner should be

appointed to this audit engagement.

5, 20% of audit fee is still outstanding

and this creates:

1, intimidation threat meaning client

may have pressure on audit firm that if

audit firm doesn't give an opinion

satisfies the client then client will not

give money back to auditors.

2, familiarity threat meaning this will be

perceived a loan offered to client and

hence may be perceived a good

relationship between the two and any

opinion given by auditors may not be

trustable.

Audit firm should chase the outstanding

fee from client./

Discuss with those charged with

governance, ie , audit committee.

(c) only 5points required.

Professional clearance:

Auditor should seek managements permission to talk to outgoing auditors and if this isrejected then auditors should not accept the work.

If client permits then auditor should contact the outgoing auditor asking, are there

any reasons that you think we should not accept this engagement?

If the answer is yes then we should contact client again asking, can you explain away

the problem?

If client cannot explain away the problem then we should reject it but if they can then

we can accept it.

Competence:

Auditors should consider whether they are competent to do the work.

Client

We should also assess the integrity of the clients management and if they are not

integrate then we should reject the work.

Also if there are conflict of interest then we should consider resign to be an auditor from

one of them.


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(d) modified. Need for internal audit department (only 5 points required)

Size of company

The bigger the company is then the greater need for an internal audit

department.

Costs

Finance director should consider whether the costs of setting up the internal audit

department will outweigh the benefit it can obtain.

If theres existing staff carrying out the internal audit function such as company has

outsourced the internal audit function to external audit firm and this decrease the

need for internal audit department.

Internal control system

If there is lots of fraud happening within the company then a greater need for the

internal audit department would be.

If the control environment of the company is quite weak, ie, management will

override controls quite a lot then an internal audit department to monitor those

controls will be needed.

Listed

If company is going to go listed then if an internal audit department is set and thiswill increase the confidence from investors.


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June2008 Q3

(a)

(i)

This is used by comparing financial and non financial information to identify anyunexpected situations of the clients company.

Eg, the sales revenue, receivable balance and overdraft balance of clients company

has increased significantly so auditor can expect that maybe client is overtrading.

(ii)

Comparing information with prior years to identify unusual changes.

Comparing information with other similar companies to identify unusual changes.

Comparing actual information with budgeted information to identify unusual

changes.

(iii)

Planning stage

Analytical procedures are used in this stage to identify risks of material misstatement

of clients financial statements.

Substantive testing

Analytical procedure can be used as one of substantive procedures to collect audit

evidence.

Review stage

Substantive procedures can be used here to try to show whether clients financial

statement is overall in line with auditors understanding.


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Appendix:

2008 2007

Revenue growth 7482-6364

6364 =17%Cost of sales growth 3520-4253

4253 =(17%)

Gross profit margin 53% 33%

Admin expense 1235-1320

1320 =(6%)

Selling and distribution 981-689

689 =42%

Interest payable 101-105

105 =(4%)

(c) bank confirmation letter

Eg, to check clients company how much cash balances

Obtain authorization on that letter from a director of Zak for the bank to disclose

information to the auditor.

The auditor's request must refer to the client's letter of authority and the date of that

authority.

The auditor sends the letter directly to Zaks bank with a request to send the reply

directly back to the auditors.


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Q5 revision

DEC2011 Q5 subsequent events +report

(a)

(i)

In this period auditor will have active responsibility to identify any subsequent

events.

This means auditors should perform eg, enquiry with management whether any

subsequent events needs to be disclosed to identify further subsequent events.

(ii)

In this period auditor will have passive responsibility to identify any subsequent

events.

This means auditors are not required to perform any further audit procedures to

identify any subsequent events.

But if an event is known to auditor at the date audit report is signed then auditor

should assess whether event needs to be adjusted and how managements going to

do with it and additional audit procedure will be required.

(b)

Receivable

(i)

$0.3m gives evidence existing as at the year end regarding the recoverability of

receivable so its an adjusting event.

(ii)

Auditor can inspect the correspondence with customer to assess the likelihood of

payment.

Auditor can inspect post year end transaction to assess whether company ahs

received any payment from the customer.

(iii)

Because $0.3m accounts for 4% of profit before tax and 0.4% of revenue so its not

material to the financial statement and hence no adjustment needed.

Because the amount of $0.3 is not material so no impact on the audit opinion.


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June2010 Q5 going concern

(a)

Going concern means company will continuous in business in the foreseeable future,

ie, more than 12 months.

Management of the company will prepare the financial statement based on the

going concern basis.

(b)

Indicators Why

1, 90% revenue are from 2 products. If therere not sufficient sales then it has

difficulty in paying expenses and hence

lead to going concern problems.

2, demand is falling. If company cant increase the demand

then its hard to generate sufficient cash

flow which will lead to going concern

problems.

3, company hasn't invested money into

development sufficiently.

If there is no other products at the new

industry lifecycle to generate into future

cash flow then it will lead to going concern

problems.

4, suitable staff are hard to recruit. This will hold up the product developmentprocess and hence lead to going concern

problems.

5, $2m will be hard to raise by company

from bank.

No investment into PPE to generate into

future income which will lead to going

concern problems.

6, suppliers has been paid much later. Suppliers may be upset and refuse to

supply to company which will lead to going

concern problem.

7, company must pay cash on delivery. This will have pressure on overdraft used

by company so company will have to pay

high amount of interest and this will lead

to going concern problem.

8,overdraft balance has greatly increased. If bank doesn't renew the overdraft facility

then the company is unable to trade any

more.

9, cash flow forecast is worsening. If company cant improve this then it will

have difficulty in funding its operating

activity and hence lead to going concern

problem.(c)


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DEC2010 Q5 audit of accounting estimate

Revision: (IAS8)

Accounting policy is something to do with:

Measurement basisof the figure, eg, value the inventory using FIFO but now use

weighted average method; use replacement cost rather than historic cost. Recognition basisof the figure, eg, recognize as an expense before but now for

asset(eg,IAS 23 borrowing costs)

Presentation basis of the figure, eg, recognize the depreciation expense into cost

of sales now rather than in administrative expenses before.

Accounting estimate is like:

Allowance for receivables;

Useful life/ depreciation method of the non-current assets;

Warranty provision relating to return of goods from customers.

An error may happen if theres a

Misuse of the accounting standard last year;

Fraud happended last year;

Omit some figures in last years account.

(a) Enquire of management how the accounting estimate is made to ensure its in line

with auditors understanding.

Inspect the method of assumption made and confirm its reasonableness.

Obtain written representations from management to confirm they believe

significant assumptions used in making accounting estimates are reasonable

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence about whether the disclosures in the

financial statements related to accounting estimates are reasonable.

Inspect whether events after the reporting period provide audit evidence regarding

the accounting estimate.

Recalculate the accounting estimate to verify its accuracy.


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