[f4 chapter 1] understanding to physics
TRANSCRIPT
8/6/2019 [F4 Chapter 1] Understanding to Physics
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Concept Map
Understanding
Physics
ScientificInvestigation
Physical
Quantities
Measurement
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONTOTO
PHYSICSPHYSICS
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Understanding Physics
Physics is a branch of scientific which studies physical
and natural phenomena around us.
Example«?
µPhysikos¶ (Greek) - nature
1.1
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Understanding Physics
Measurement Optic Force/Motion Electronic
Astronomy Wave Nuclear Heat
1.1
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Understanding Physics
Observation1
Experiment2
Theory3
Investigation4
Application5
Use the sense to feel the daily phenomenon
Perform an experiment to study the required
characteristic of the phenomenon
Suggest measurement for the theory and modify
it if necessary
Suggest the cause of the phenomenon studiedthrough the experiment
Invention of technology based on the theories
of physics
1.1
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Understanding Physics
Science
Process SkillManipulative
Skill
Explanation?
Example?
Explanation?
Example?
1.1
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Understanding Physics
Ok guys«.
What your ambition«? Engineerin
g
Researcher
Education
Industry
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Base & Derived Quantities
Temperature Mass
24 °C 2.0 kg
Physical quantities
Magnitude
Unit
1.2
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Base & Derived Quantities
1.2
-physical quantity which can¶t be defined in term of other physical quantities
Base quantity Symbol SI unit Symbol of unit
Length l metre m
Mass m kilogram kg
Time t second s
Temperature T kelvin K
Current I ampere A
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Base & Derived Quantities
Prefix SymbolMultiplication
factor
Tera T x 10
Giga G x 10
Mega M x 10
Kilo k x 10
Deci d x 10
1.2
-used to represent physical quantities which are ver y big or ver y small in SI unit
Prefix SymbolMultiplication
factor
Centi c x 10
Mili m x 10
Micro x 10
Nano n x 10
Pico p x 10
12
9
6
3
-1
-2
-3
-6
-9
-12
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Base & Derived Quantities
1.2
- standard form to represent data/value as neat, short and easily compared
n A 10vWhere 1 < A < 10 and n is +ve/-ve integer
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Base & Derived Quantities
1.2
Prefix Base unit
x multiplication factor
÷ multiplication factor
1000 km = 1000 x 10 m3
prefix Multiplication factor
unit 12
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Base & Derived Quantities
1.2
-produced from combination of base quantities either multiplication/division/both
Area ( A) Volume (V )
l
l
Area ( A) = length x length
= m x m
= m2
Volume (V ) = length x length x length
= m x m x m
= m 3
l
l
l
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Base & Derived Quantities
1.2
Speed (v ) Work (W )
distance
time
= m s
Force x Distance
= kg m s x m
= N m @ Joule (J)-1
-1
Density ( V)
Acceleration (a)
Force (F )
Momentum ( p)
Pressure (P )
etc«
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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3
A B
C
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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3
Two guys want to go the µMenara Condong¶ with different
way. The guy with bicycle go through from point A to point
B and lastly to point C. The another guy use the short cut
that from point A to point C. Can you find the difference
between them?
Distance?Displacement?
Speed? Velocity?
Scalar quantity? Vector quantity?16
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Scalar & Vector Quantities1.3
SCALAR ± magnitude only
How about«.
VECTOR ± magnitude + direction
Force?
Gravity attraction?
Mass?
Weight?
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Measurement1.4
Estimation of
dimension
Estimation of
dimension
Measuring
instrument
Vernier
callipers
Micrometer screw
gauge
Precision«accuracy«sensitivity
Method of error reduction
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Measurement1.4
Practical work in
Physics
Measurement
Suitable
instrument
No Suitable
instrument
estimation
Big valueSmall value
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Measurement
(estimation)
1.4
Determination of a Small Value by Using a Big Sample
paper of pieces
paper of piecesof thickness
n
n
Thickness of a piece of paper Volume of a drop of water
water of drops
water of dropsof olume
n
n
coilwireof num ers
len th(
n
N
Diameter of wire
eariaof m er
e t
n
N
Diameter of a bell bearing
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Measurement
(estimation)
1.4
Determination of a Big Value by Using a Small Sample
Ll
h H
l
h
L
H
v!@
!!Utan
Height of a building
Hh
l
L
U
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Measurement
(measuring instruments)
1.4
Vernier Callipers Micrometer Screw Gauge
Main scale
Inner
jaws
Outer
jaws
Spindle
Thimble
Rachet
Main scale
Vernier
scale
Vernier scale
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Measurement
(measuring instruments)
1.4
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Measurement
(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)
1.4
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Measurement
(accuracy, consistency & sensitivity)
1.4
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Measurement
(types of error)
1.4
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Measurement
(types of error)
1.4
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
ObservationIdentify a
problemInference Hypothesis
Carry out
experiment
Measurement &
Collect data Analyze Data
Conclusion
Proved?
Failed?Suggest new
hypothesis
Theory /
Principle
make formulate
make
several time
St e p i n a sci ent ific met hod 28
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
Simple Pendulum30
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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Analysing Scientific Investigation1.5
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