Wise Use of Water: Protecting Manchar Lake and Indus

River’s Water Quality

Naseer Ahmad GillaniChairman PWP

Presented by Khalid MohtadullahSenior Advisor GWP

2

IRRIGATED AREA IN THE INDUS BASIN

3.8 MA

44.4 MATOTAL

0.8 MA2.2 MABalochistan

0.5 MA2.3 MANWFP

1.5 MA33.4 MAPunjab

1.0 MA6.5 MASindh

Ongoing Schem

Presently Irrigated Areas

AREABALOCHISTAN

SINDH

PUNJAB

Disputed Territory

NWFP

3

Gomal River

Kurram River

Kabul River

TerbelaReservoir

Chashma Reservoir

Indus River

Jhelum River

Chenab River

Rav

i Riv

er

Sut

lej R

iver

Arabian Sea

Neela

m R

iver

Schematic DiagramIndus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)

Kala Bagh Reservoir(proposed)

ManglaReservoir

Sehwan Reservoir(Proposed)

Th

al

Ca

na

l

Thal reservoir(proposed)

JinnahBarrage

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KotriBarrage

SukkurBarrage

GudduBarrage

TaunsaBarrage

TrimmuBarrage

SidhnaiBarrage

BallokiBarrage

MaralaBarrage

KhankiBarrage

QadirabadBarrage

SulemankiBarrage

IslamBarrage

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um

Prepared By: Zubair Tahir. July 31, 1998Water Allocation Study

International Irrigation Management Institute

WarsakDam

Ra

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pu

r C

an

al

C.R

.B.C

4

WATER AVAILABILITY Vs POPULATION GROWTH

596709

805

9151066

1282

1555

2129

2751

3888

5260

34

46

65

84

115

139.5

300

252

222

167.72

195.5

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

YEAR

PE

R C

AP

ITA

AV

AIL

AB

ILIT

Y (

M)

3

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

Po

pu

lati

on

(M

illi

on

)

PER CAPITA AVAILIBILITY

POPULATION GROWTH

1120 m3

163 Million (2008)

858 m3

208.4 Million (2025)

WATER AVAILABILITY vis-a-vis POPULATION GROWTH

2008 – 1120 m3 per capita

As per global criteria, 1000 m3 per capita is the threshold value

5260

5

Water quality

Manchar Lake

One of the biggest shallow freshwater lakes of the AsiaLake covers an approximate area of 253 sq.

km.Mean annual rainfall of 113 mm.Evaporation rate is 2,438 mm per annum.Total surface inflows 1.90 BCM:

Hill torrents Inundation canals of IndusDrainage water

Areal View of Lake

ValuesCulture

o Habitat for aboriginal Mohanna tribe descendents of the Scythian Meds of Moenjodaro

o Fisher folk lifestyle boats, dresses, musicEconomics

o Livelihood of half a million personsSource of Drinking Water

ValuesAgriculture

o 10,522 hectares of land in the bed areao 20,235 hectares of land irrigated downstream

Bio-Diversityo 2600 species of plants, animals and fisho Habitat for migratory birds

Fisho Substantial fish production

Statement of ProblemMan-made

o Farm Run-off containing pesticide residueo Increasing use of water upstreamo Increased diversion of water by small damso Diversion of Flood flows for non perenial

irrigationNatural

o Climate Changeo Droughto Flash Floods

ImpactDischarge of Heavy Metals into River Indus

Discharge of concentrated salt water in River Indus

Indus River water for drinking purposes is causing serious health concerns

Deteriorating lake conditions causing damage to culture, economics and bio-diversity.

Actions in handThe Government of Pakistan has initiated a master plan

for taking effluents directly to the sea and not to discharge in the lake or the River Indus.

Three mega projects of surface drainage launched at a total cost of US $ 1 billion.

No foreign funding was envisaged as this was considered of national importance.

Missing in the above plan is rehabilitation of affected people of Manchar Lake area and follow up actions for restoring the health of the lake.

PWP stepped in to assist in restoring the livelihoods of people and complete rehabilitation of the ecology of the lake through its proposed Area Water Partnership (AWP)

PWP in ActionInherent in this is Participatory Approach to allow people

solve their own problems.

PWP acts as a facilitator to mobilize stakeholders, provide neutral platform and bring needed knowledge to the table.

PWP then distills issues from AWP level, articulates them into policy issues and takes it to decision making levels in the country.

Resulting actions are then further facilitated by PWP for implementation by concerned organizations in the country

Thank You

Schematic Diagram showing huge infrastructure built to protect Manchar Lake and River Indus water quality.