This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses.It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose.

Die Steels andComponents for Extrusion

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ContentsUddeholm—your tooling partner ........................ 4Uddeholm hot work tool steel forextrusion tooling ................................................... 4Tooling components in an extrusion press ......... 5Tool steel properties for extrusion diesand tooling ............................................................ 6Material selection for dies and extrusiontooling parts .......................................................... 8Manufacturing of dies and tooling ....................... 12Product programme ............................................. 13Extrusion tooling componentsfrom HMV AB ....................................................... 14Steels and hardness selection ........................... flap

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and isintended to provide general notes on our products and their uses.It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specificproperties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for aparticular purpose.

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We are morethan just anothersteel supplier!Uddeholm is your tooling partneralso in the extrusion industry.

Our long experience in making,shaping and treating the steel is yourguarantee for success.

We have developed steel gradesthat can operate with optimal resultunder different conditions for lowtemperature aluminium extrusionapprox. 400°C (750°F) to steel extru-sion 1250°C (2280°F).

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Uddeholm hot worktool steels forextrusion toolingUddeholm hot work tool steels for the manu-facture of tools and components in extrusionpresses:

IMPAX SUPREMEALVAR 14ORVAR 2 MicrodizedQRO 90 SUPREMEHOTVARDIEVAR

with different characteristics suitable for:• mandrels• mandrel holders• stems• dummy blocks• liners• intermediate liners• mantles• dies• die rings• bolsters• wedge blocks.

containers

Uddeholm—yourtooling partnerThe production base of the Uddeholm company istool steel; however, our business idea is to sell andmarket tooling materials and services to tool mak-ers, tool users, machine builders, and their cus-tomers, providing the best total economy .

Steel for industrial tools must be of very highquality. This is the primary guarantee that theparts the tool is ultimately to produce meet speci-fied requirements. In this context, we maintain thatthere is a difference between steel and steel; mostof our grades are unique to the market—that iswhy we use our own brand names—and have beendeveloped over the years by our experienced engi-neers and metallurgists.

However, a first-class tool steel goes only partof the way to providing an optimum solution for atool user. Hence, Uddeholm’s present-day offerstretches beyond that of the traditional steel sup-plier and includes a wide range of complementaryservices aimed at ensuring that tool users reallyget the best from our tool-material products. In liai-son with tool makers, tool users and, in some in-stances, even end users (i.e. those who use theparts which the tool shall make), we aim to de-velop complete solutions for optimal economy, ofwhich the supply of the tool material is only onefacet. In practical terms, this means that apart fromthe tooling material and associated know-how, wecan in many cases offer services such as machin-ing, heat treatment and even possibilities to assistin tool maintenance and repair e.g. welding serv-ice. We are convinced that our policy of supplyingservices over and abovethe tooling material is nec-essary if our customers,particularly tool users andend users, are to enjoy thebest tooling economy intheir production. In thesetimes when escalating pro-duction costs cannot al-ways be covered by in-creased prices, then get-ting the most out of toolingis often a vital ingredient inattaining viable productioneconomy.

Profiles (SAPA, Sweden).

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Dummy block

(female, male, bolt)

Tooling componentsin an extrusion pressIn addition to the die itself, an extrusion presscomprises a number of replaceable componentswith finite life, most of which are made from hotwork tool steel.

Uddeholm have long experience in producinghot work tool steels for dies and extrusion toolingcomponents. The demands on the tool steel de-pend on the overall working temperature, i.e. onthe metal being extruded, and on the location ofthe component in question in relation to the hotbillet and the emerging extruded profile. Thecomponent which is subjected to the most severethermal influence and which is also most highlystressed is, of course, the die. Other parts whichexperience high temperatures are the liner,dummy block and, in the cases where one is used,the mandrel.

Stem

Mantle Die

Intermediate

linerLiner

For information about the selectionof tool material for extrusion dies and

extrusion tooling see inside the flap.

The typical temperature ranges experiencedby these components during extrusion are:• Aluminium and

its alloys: 400–500°C (750–930°F)• Copper and

copper alloys: 600–1100°C (1110–2010°F)• Steel: 1100–1250°C (2010–2280°F)

An optimum choice of tool steel and correctheat treatment are essential in order to increasethe life of extrusion dies and extrusion toolingcomponents which are subjected to these severethermal conditions.

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Tool steel propertiesfor extrusion diesand toolingThe properties profile required for the tool steel indifferent components of an extrusion press is fairlysimilar. However, the varying severity of the ther-mal environment means that the desirable heat-resisting properties of hot-work tool steel arerequired to greater or lesser extent in differentpress parts. The requisite properties profile isessentially as follow:• Adequate resistance to wear at elevated

temperatures (e.g. dies, liners, mandrels)• Enhanced hot yield strength and hot hardness• High level of temper resistance and resistance

to softening at elevated temperatures• Good compressive strength (e.g. dummy

blocks) and bending strength (e.g. dies, man-drels) at high temperatures

• High creep strength• Acceptable resistance to thermal fatigue

cracking.

Uddeholm’s tool steel product programme forextrusion dies and extrusion tooling components ispresented at the end of this brochure. For presscomponents and dies subjected to the highest tem-perature, we recommend:• ORVAR 2 Microdized• QRO 90 SUPREME• HOTVAR• DIEVAR

In general ORVAR 2 Microdized is used innormal applications involving moderate tempera-tures and stresses, e.g. dies and other toolingcomponents for production of standard aluminiumprofiles. For more extreme conditions QRO 90SUPREME, HOTVAR and DIEVAR are recom-mended; these are Uddeholm speciality gradescharacterized by an extreme combination of tough-ness, ductility and strength at elevated tempera-tures.

TEMPER RESISTANCE

Temper resistance can be assessed from thetempering curve for a hardened tool steel. In this,the hardness at room temperature is plottedagainst tempering temperature for given temper-ing time. Another method of presenting temperresistance data is to plot room temperature hard-ness against time at a given tempering tempera-ture. The better the steel retains its hardness as

the temperature or the time increases, the betterits temper resistance,

HOT STRENGTH AND HOT HARDNESS

In contrast to temper resistance, which is definedin terms of hardness at room temperature, hotstrength and hot hardness refer to properties athigh temperature. In general, improved temperresistance is associated with increased hotstrength and hot hardness. It can be pointed outthat good hot hardness and hot strength are impor-tant prerequisites for enhanced wear resistanceat elevated temperatures. A high level of hot hard-ness and hot strength is also important in order toachieve adequate resistance to thermal fatiguecracking.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND BENDSTRENGTH AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

The greater the level of hot strength or hot hard-ness for a tool steel then the greater is its elevatedtemperature bend strength and compressivestrength. The improved hot compressive strengthis reflected in figure 1 which shows the drop inhardness, from a given initial hardness, over 24 hfor ORVAR 2 Microdized and QRO 90 SUPREMEloaded in compression at 600°C (1110°F). It isclear, from comparison with the hardness decreasein the unloaded condition, that the mechanicalstress accelerates the softening of the steel. QRO90 SUPREME retains the same degree of superior-ity over ORVAR 2 Microdized irrespective ofwhether the steel is subjected to mechanical load-ing or not during holding at high temperature.

The high temperature bend strength is influ-enced by, apart from hot hardness, the toughnessand ductility of the steel.

Fig. 1. Improved hot compressive strength.

Hardness decrease HRC

15

10

5

ORVAR 2Microdized

QRO 90 SUPREME

Unl

oade

d

Loa

ded

Unl

oade

d

Loa

ded

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Fig. 2. Qualitative comparison of critical steel properties (the longer the bar, the better).

ORVAR 2 Microdized

QRO 90 SUPREME

HOTVAR

DIEVAR

Creep strength/Temper Hot strength compressive Ductility/

Uddeholm grade resistance hot hardness strength Toughness

DUCTILITY AND TOUGHNESS

The ductility of a die material quantifies the abilityto resist plastic strain without cracking and isgreatly influenced by the purity and the homoge-neity of the material.

The toughness of the die material is the abilityto resist loading without cracking at sharp notchesor other stress raisers. The toughness depends onthe die material and its heat treatment.

Uddeholm tool steels are manufactured to avery high degree of purity with regard to non-metallic inclusions. This ensures a level of tough-ness and ductility which is adequate for even themost exacting applications in extrusion, e.g. wheredies and other tooling components are subjected tosevere bending stresses at elevated temperature.

Plastic Premature ThermalUddeholm grade Hot wear deformation cracking fatigue

ORVAR 2 Microdized

QRO 90 SUPREME

HOTVAR

DIEVAR

Fig. 3. Qualitative comparison of resistance to different tool failures (the longer the bar, the better).

CREEP STRENGTH

Creep is the slow, time-dependent deformation of ametal subjected to loading at a level below what isnormally required to plastically deform the metalat the temperature in question. A good creepstrength improves the resistance to fracture athigh temperatures and long time dependent load-ing.

Figure 2 demonstrates the qualitative compari-son of critical steel properties and figure 3 theresistance to different failures.

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Material selectionfor dies and extru-sion tooling parts

EXTRUSION DIES

An extrusion die is exposed to high temperaturesderived not only from the heated billet but alsofrom heat generated by deformation and friction.In addition, the die is subjected to high pressureand, in the area of the die land, considerable fric-tional forces. In aluminium extrusions, the hardoxide film, which forms instantaneously on thesurface of the extruded metal, causes extensiveabrasion of the die during service.

Die designThe die design and manufacture of extrusion diesis a highly specialized procedure requiring skilleddie makers. It is necessary at the design stage tomake proper allowance for shrinkage, elasticdeformation, the nature of the profile section andthe highly uneven velocity distribution whenextruding complicated profiles (so that the profileremains more or less straight when extruded).The following criteria should be fulfilled during diedesign and manufacture:• Very tight tolerances, so that the extruded

profile does not have excessive weight per unitlength (material yield)

• Correct die geometry from the beginning,thereby avoiding expensive reworking

• Carefully finished land surface such that theprofile surface is acceptable

• Proper design, choice of die steel, heat treat-ment etc., giving maximum die life

• Rational production resulting in low die-manu-facturing costs.

Factors determining die lifeThe stresses experienced by an extrusion die inservice are both mechanical and thermal in origin.However, the thermal stresses arising from tem-perature differences are generally quite moderatein extrusion, where the temperature changesoccur only fairly slowly. Hence, thermal fatiguecracks develop more gradually in extrusion than inother presses where hot work steels are used andwhere the temperature cycles are much moresevere e.g. die casting. On the other hand, wear isvery pronounced in extrusion, since the processinvolves sliding contact between the die steel andthe metal being extruded.

Die life is therefore finite and is limited by (inorder of importance):• Wear• Plastic deformation or cracking• Identation• Stability of support tooling• Formation of thermal fatigue cracks.

The second point above deserves comment.Plastic deformation or even cracking of dies canoccur particularly when extruding very compli-cated profiles through dies with high tongue ratios.In this case, the very great stress on the tonguecombined with the locally high temperature cancause bending; in some instances, the tongue canactually break off if the transverse toughness of thesteel is inadequate.

A tool steel with good hot strength and suffi-cient transverse toughness is a must for dies withhigh tongue ratios.

Improvement of wear resistanceHot work tool steels are amenable to nitridingwhich produces a hard, wear-resistant surfacelayer. Nitriding is usually effected via salt-bathtreatment, e.g. Tufftriding, and a given extrusiondie can be treated many times until it is consideredworn out. Nitriding of extrusion dies not only im-proves wear resistance but also reduces friction.

In the context of wear resistance, the temperresistance, hot strength and hot hardness of thesteel are all important. In the region of contactbetween die and extruded metal, considerabledeformational and frictional heat is developed andhigh temperatures are experienced. Appreciablewear will thus result if the temperature become sohigh that the surface of the die steel in the landregion softens extensively. In the case of a nitrideddie, the underlying steel can not, under such cir-cumstances, give proper support to the nitridedlayer which will wear more rapidly than usual.

Tool steel selection for diesStandard dies for aluminium extrusion are madefrom ORVAR 2 Microdized, heat treated to 45–50 HRC and then nitrided/nitrocarburized, usuallyvia Tufftriding or some similar treatment. Thenitrided layer is up to 0,1 mm (0,004 inch) thickand has a surface hardness exceeding 1000 HV.

For pressing high strength aircraft alloys, it isimportant that the die material exhibits adequatetransverse toughness in view of the very high pres-sures required for extrusion, which can otherwisebe sufficient to fracture the die.

For dies with high tongue rations and for pro-ducing complicated profiles, using QRO 90 SU-PREME will usually resulting considerably betterlife than W.-Nr. 1.2344 (AISI H13 type) steel even

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for aluminium extrusion. Such dies are character-ized by excessive heat generation in the land areaand the superior hot strength/hot hardness ofQRO 90 SUPREME engenders enhanced resist-ance to wear and bending/breakage. Practice hasshown that QRO 90 SUPREME can be used fortongue rations up to 6:1 whereas W.-Nr. 1.2344(AISI H13 type) steel is limited to about 3:1 maxi-mum. In addition, the superior wear resistance ofQRO 90 SUPREME renders it eminently suitablefor long-run aluminium dies.

QRO 90 SUPREME is also recommended forless complicated dies in extrusion of copper alloysand other metals and alloys, which are extruded athigher temperatures than aluminium.

HOTVAR is a further development of QRO 90SUPREME and can be hardened to 58 HRC givinga very good hot wear resistance.

DIEVAR is a hot work tool steel suitable whenpremature cracks and heat checking are the domi-nating failure mechanisms. Also, in combinationwith other failure mechanisms as hot wear andplastic deformation DIEVAR offers potential solu-tions for an improved tooling economy.

STEMS

Stems are subjected to high pressure during extru-sion but their working temperature is relatively low(not in contact with billet). A stem should not bendor otherwise deform at the temperature of opera-tion.

ORVAR 2 Microdized is a suitable tool steel forstems (46–50 HRC), independent of what materialis to be extruded.

DUMMY BLOCKS

The dummy block physically separates the stemfrom the billet and, as such, has two basic func-tions:• to protect the stem• to prevent backwards “leakage” of the metal being extruded.

Exchangeable dummy blocks have beenused for many years in all types of extrusion appli-cations. The disc-like dummy block is changedafter each billet and a number of blocks are kept incirculation. For extrusion of copper, copper alloysand steel, an exchangeable dummy block is alwaysused (high temperature, dummy block must coolbetween billets). However, the fixed dummyblock has become more and more popular foraluminium extrusion. This comprises two parts, a“male” and a “female”; the male is coupled to thefemale which in turn is fixed to the stem. Fixeddummy blocks are not changed between billets.

The fixed type of dummy block has the advan-tages of:• improved productivity• better yield• superior surface finish of the extruded profile.

Stem.

Dummy blocks.

Coated die.

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Since both types of dummy block are sub-jected simultaneously to high pressure and tem-perature, the tool steel used for these componentsis required to exhibit:• high level of hot strength/hot hardness• good temper resistance• good resistance to plastic deformation via creep.

Uddeholm recommend QRO 90 SUPREMEfor both exchangeable and fixed dummy blocksin all extrusion applications. The superior hotstrength and hot hardness of this grade result inconsiderable increases in life.

One important function of the dummy block isto expand more or less elastically during the for-ward part of the cycle so as to tighten against theliner and prevent backward metal leakage. It isimportant that the yield stress of the steel is notexceeded during the expansion phase resulting inplastic deformation. High forces would be requiredto release the dummy block on it’s return phase,increasing the risk of movement in the liner. Therelevant stress-strain curve is that at the actualworking temperature of the dummy block. Hence,the better the hot yield strength of the tool steel,the better the chance of not exceeding the elasticlimit during service and the lower the risk forpermanent deformation of the dummy block. In asimilar vein, the dummy block should not creep

excessively during service, i.e. should exhibit aslittle slow, permanent deformation as possible atloads below the elastic limit.

From the previous discussion of properties ofhot work tool steels, it will be clear that QRO 90SUPREME, with its high level of hot strength,good creep strength and relative good ductility/toughness is the natural choice for all dummy-block applications irrespective of the metal beingextruded.

MANDRELS

Mandrels normally find application for extrusion ofsteel and copper tube.

Mandrels are subjected to severe operatingconditions and the tool steel used to make themshould possess:• high strength at elevated temperatures• good temper resistancei.e. the same properties profile as for dummyblocks. For thin mandrels, resistance to bending atelevated temperatures is important. Hence, QRO90 SUPREME will give superior mandrel life inmost applications.

CONTAINERS

Containers can be built in two or three parts. Atwo-part container consists of a mantle and a liner,while a three-part one comprises a mantle, anintermediate liner and a liner proper.

The function of the container is to take up thehydrostatic and tangential stresses derived from

Containers.

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the extrusion force. Nowhere in the containershould these stresses exceed the elastic limit, i.e.the working stress range is similar to that for adummy block with the qualification that the linerand the mantle are at different temperatures andwill thus be characterized by different stress-straincurves.

If the elastic limit is exceeded for the steel inthe mantle, the whole container will deform plasti-cally to an extent that it may go out of tolerance. Inextreme loading situation, it is not infeasible thatthe entire container can crack. Containers sub-jected to heavy loads are thus normally built inthree parts. While this is obviously more expen-sive, it does give the advantage that the stresslevels in each individual part are reduced appreci-ably at a given extrusion pressure, when comparedwith a two-part container.

MANTLE

Prehardened tool steel such as IMPAX SUPREMEis normally used for the mantle (hardness approx.310 HB).

For highly-stressed containers, ORVAR 2Microdized at 37–43 HRC is a better choice. Com-pared with prehardened, quenched-and-temperedsteel, ORVAR 2 Microdized exhibits superiortemper resistance and hot strength. With ORVAR2 Microdized as mantle material, there is virtuallyno chance of the mantle softening during serviceto the extent that the whole container sufferspermanent deformation.

Extrusion press at Hydro Raufoss Automotive, Raufoss.

INTERMEDIATE LINER

The intermediate liner, when one is used, is madeeither in IMPAX SUPREME (approx. 310 HB) or,for more highly-stressed container, ORVAR 2Microdized (37–43 HRC).

LINER

ORVAR 2 Microdized hardened and tempered to44–48 HRC is normally used as a liner material inaluminium extrusion. For more difficult aluminiumalloys, QRO 90 SUPREME is recommended. QRO90 SUPREME and DIEVAR have also given excel-lent results in liners for extrusion of copper alloys.

SUPPORTING TOOLS

The die is positioned in a die ring, which in turn isattached to and is supported by one or moreholder parts such as die rings, bolsters, wedgeblocks etc. No problems are normally encounteredwith these parts in the extrusion of simple profiles;for more complicated shapes, however, it can bedifficult to arrange for adequate support for the die.If there is any risk for overloading of the supporttooling, it is important to select a tool steel withadequate hardness at the working temperature. Ingeneral, ORVAR 2 Microdized is used for die ringsand ALVAR 14 for bolsters. Other support toolssuch as wedge blocks and die heads can, as longas the service temperature is low, be made inprehardened IMPAX SUPREME.

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Manufacturing ofdies and toolingThe machinability and heat treatment characteris-tics of the tool steel are significant parametersinfluencing the relative ease of manufacture ofextrusion dies and extrusion tooling components.

MACHINABILITY

Uddeholm hot work tool steels, ORVAR 2 Micro-dized, QRO 90 SUPREME and HOTVAR arecharacterized by a high degree of freedom fromoxide inclusions and an annealed microstructureconsisting of a very even distribution of smallcarbides. The annealed hardness is low, 180–210HB. These features are concomitant with a goodmachinability in the annealed condition. Advancedprocess control ensures that the variation in ma-chining characteristics is minimal from batch tobatch. DIEVAR’s extreme microcleanliness andlow hardness (~160 HB) make the machinabilityless competitive compared to the steels mentionedabove.

Uddeholm’s product information brochures forORVAR 2 Microdized, QRO 90 SUPREME, HOT-VAR and DIEVAR give detailed information per-taining to machining of these products. OtherUddeholm brochures worth consulting in thecontext of die/tooling manufacture are: “Grindingof Tool Steel”, “EDM (spark-erosion) of Tool Steel”and “Welding of Tool Steel”.

HEAT TREATMENT

Hot work tool steels used for extrusion dies andtooling are normally supplied in the annealedcondition. After machining, the tool/die must beheat treated in order that the steel develops itsoptimum combination of hardness, toughness andheat resistance. These properties are controlledthrough proper choice of austenitizing tempera-ture, cooling conditions during hardening andtempering temperature/time.

More information is given in the productbrochures and in the information brochure “Heattreatment of Tool Steel”.

Manufacturing of dies (SAPA, Sweden).

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ORVAR 2 Microdized A Cr-Mo-V-alloyed hot-work steel with good high temperature strength.W.-Nr. 1.2344 Recommended in most cases for tooling components and dies in aluminium(AISI H13) extrusion which come into direct contact with the hot billet.

QRO 90 SUPREME A premium hot work steel with very good strength and hot hardness atelevated temperatures. Recommended for all types of extrusion tooling, sub-jected to maximum working temperatures.

HOTVAR A premium hot work steel with very good high-temperature properties.Can be hardened and tempered to 58 HRC giving an outstanding hot wearresistance. Recommended for dies which are not to be nitrided.

DIEVAR A premium Cr-Mo-V hot work steel with good high temperature strengthand excellent toughness and ductility in all directions. Recommended in diesand extrusion components where the demands on toughness and ductilityare the highest.

ALVAR 14 Cr-Ni-Mo-alloyed hot work steel. Recommended for support tooling in extru-W.-Nr. l.2714 sion, e.g. bolsters and wedge blocks.

IMPAX SUPREME Prehardened Ni-Cr-Mo-alloyed steel supplied at approx. 310 HB, with goodW.-Nr. 1.2738 machinability. Suitable for wedge blocks and other support tools, mantles and(AISI P20) intermediate liners, at lower temperature.

Tool steel product programmefor extrusion industryProduct description

Approximate analyses, % Deliveryhardness

Uddeholm grade C Si Mn Cr Mo V Ni HB

AnnealedORVAR 2 Microdized 0,39 1,0 0,4 5,3 1,3 0,9 – ~180

AnnealedQRO 90 SUPREME 0,38 0,3 0,8 2,6 2,3 0,9 – ~180

HOTVAR 0,55 1,0 0,8 2,6 2,3 0,9 – ~210

DIEVAR Cr-Mo-V alloyed hot work tool steel ~160Annealed

ALVAR 14 0,55 0,3 0,7 1,1 0,5 0,1 1,7 ≤250Pre-hardened

IMPAX SUPREME 0,37 0,3 1,4 2,0 0,2 – 1,0 ~310

Chemical composition

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Extrusion toolingcomponents fromHagfors MekaniskaVerkstad (HMV)Uddeholm can offer a wide range of services fromthe subsidiary HMV AB to the extrusion industry.HMV AB is certified according to ISO 9002 andevery component or service is well documented.HMV AB have modern CNC-machines and usethe latest Information Technology to serve itscustomers.

HMV AB started in the beginning of 80’s toserve the Extrusion industry and is market leaderin the Nordic countries.

Following base-services can be offered:• Manufacture of new containers and renova-

tion of used containers including fitting ofliners.

• We can also fit and/or renovate pre-heatingelements.

• Manufacture of exchangeable or fixed dummyblocks.

• Manufacture of stems from forged stock.• Manufacture of mandrels.• Manufacture of holders, bolsters, sub-

bolsters etc. All conceivable types can bemade.

• Cutting and pre-machining of die blanks.

Shrinking of liner.

CNC-turning ofdummy block in heattreated condition.

ISO 9002 certified.

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Final control in a coordinatemeasuring machine.

Production of a new container at Hagfors Mekaniska Verkstad AB.

The proximity to Uddeholm’scentral business stock guaranteesthat the optimum steel with thecorrect dimension is always avail-able for direct use which alsoreduce the lead-time.

Heat treatment is always per-formed according to Uddeholmspecification to guarantee bestperformance on the component.

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Steels and hardness selectionfor different extrusion applications

E X T R U D E D M A T E R I A L

Tooling component Aluminium/magnesium Copper alloys Steel

Support tools IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME(at lower temperature) ~310 HB ~310 HB ~310 HB

Wedge block IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME~310 HB ~310 HB ~310 HB

ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14300–400 HB 300–400 HB 300–400 HB

Bolster ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14 ALVAR 14~45 HRC ~45 HRC ~45 HRC

Die ring ORVAR 2 Microdized QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME40–44 HRC 40–44 HRC 40–44 HRC

Die ORVAR 2 Microdized QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME45–50 HRC 45–49 HRC 44–46 HRC

DIEVAR46–52 HRC

QRO 90 SUPREME45–50 HRCHOTVAR

54–58 HRC

Mantle IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME~310 HB ~310 HB ~310 HB

ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized37–43 HRC 37–43 HRC 37–43 HRC

Intermediate liner IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME IMPAX SUPREME~310 HB ~310 HB ~310 HB

ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized37–43 HRC 37–43 HRC 37–43 HRC

Liner ORVAR 2 Microdized QRO 90 SUPREME ORVAR 2 Microdized44–48 HRC 44–48 HRC 44–48 HRC

QRO 90 SUPREME DIEVAR44–48 HRC 44–50 HRC

DIEVAR44–50 HRC

Dummy block QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME44–48 HRC 44–48 HRC 44–48 HRC

DIEVAR46–52 HRC

Fasteners for fixed IMPAX SUPREMEdummy block ~310 HB

Stem ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized ORVAR 2 Microdized46–50 HRC 46–50 HRC 46–50 HRC

Mandrel ORVAR 2 Microdized QRO 90 SUPREME QRO 90 SUPREME46–50 HRC 45–49 HRC 45–49 HRC

QRO 90 SUPREME DIEVAR46–49 HRC 46–52 HRC

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CROATIABOHLER UDDEHOLM Zagrebd.o.o za trgovinuZitnjak b.b10000 ZagrebTelephone: +385 1 2459 301Telefax: +385 1 2406 790

CZECHIABOHLER UDDEHOLM CZ s.r.o.Division UddeholmU silnice 949161 00 Praha 6 RuzyneCzech RepublicTelephone: +420 233 029 850,8Telefax: +420 233 029 859

DENMARKUDDEHOLM A/SKokmose 8, BramdrupdamDK-6000 KoldingTelephone: +45 75 51 70 66Telefax: +45 75 51 70 44

ESTONIAUDDEHOLM TOOLING ABSilikatsiidi 7EE-0012 TallinnTelephone: +372 655 9180Telefax: +372 655 9181

FINLANDOY UDDEHOLM ABRitakuja 1, PL 57,FIN-01741 VANTAATelephone: +358 9 290 490Telefax: +358 9 2904 9249

FRANCEUDDEHOLM S.A.12 Rue Mercier, Z.I. de Mitry-CompansF-77297 Mitry Mory CedexTelephone: +33 (0)1 60 93 80 10Telefax: +33 (0)1 60 93 80 01

Branch officeUDDEHOLM S.A.77bis, rue de VesoulLa Nef aux MétiersF-25000 BesançonTelephone: +33 381 53 12 19Telefax: +33 381 53 13 20

GERMANYUDDEHOLMHansaallee 321D-40549 DüsseldorfTelephone: +49 211 535 10Telefax: +49 211 535 12 80

Branch officesUDDEHOLMFalkenstraße 21D-65812 Bad Soden/TS.Telephone: +49 6196 659 60Telefax: +49 6196 659 625

UDDEHOLMAlbstraße 10D-73765 NeuhausenTelephone: +49 715 898 65-0Telefax: +49 715 898 65-25

GREAT BRITAIN, IRELANDUDDEHOLM UK LIMITEDEuropean Business ParkTaylors Lane, OldburyWest Midlands B69 2BNTelephone: +44 121 552 55 11Telefax: +44 121 544 29 11

Dublin Telephone: +353 1 45 14 01

GREECEUDDEHOLM STEEL TRADINGCOMPANY20, Athinon StreetG-Piraeus 18540Telephone: +30 2 10 41 72 109/41 29 820Telefax: +30 2 10 41 72 767

SKLERO S.A.Steel Trading Comp. andHardening ShopFrixou 11/Nikif. OuranouG-54627 ThessalonikiTelephone: +30 31 51 46 77Telefax +30 31 54 12 50

HUNGARYUDDEHOLM TOOLING/BOKDunaharaszti, Jedlik Ányos út 25H-2331 Dunaharaszti 1.Pf. 110Telephone/Telefax: +36 24 492 690

ITALYUDDEHOLM Italia S.p.A.Via Palizzi, 90 I-20157 MilanoTelephone: +39 02 35 79 41Telefax: +39 02 390 024 82

LATVIAUDDEHOLM TOOLING ABDeglava street 50LV-1035 RigaTelephone: +371 7 701 983, -981, -982Telefax: +371 7 701 984

LITHUANIAUDDEHOLM TOOLING ABBE PLIENAS IR METALAIT. Masiulio 18bLT-3014 KaunasTelephone: +370 37 370613, -669Telefax: +370 37 370300

THE NETHERLANDSUDDEHOLM B.V.Isolatorweg 30NL-1014 AS AmsterdamTelephone: +31 20 581 71 11Telefax: +31 20 684 86 13

NORWAYUDDEHOLM A/SJernkroken 18Postboks 85, KalbakkenN-0902 OsloTelephone: +47 22 91 80 00Telefax: +47 22 91 80 01

POLANDINTER STAL CENTRUMSp. z. o.o./Co. Ltd.ul. Kolejowa 291, Dziekanów PolskiPL-05-092 LomiankiTelephone: +48 22 429 2260Telefax: +48 22 429 2266

PORTUGALF RAMADA Aços e Industrias S.A.P.O. Box 10P-3881 Ovar CodexTelephone: +351 56 58 61 11Telefax: +351 56 58 60 24

ROMANIABÖHLER Romania SRLUddeholm BranchStr. Atomistilor Nr 14A077125 Magurele Jud IlfovTelephone: +40 214 575007Telefax: +40 214 574212

RUSSIAUDDEHOLM TOOLING CIS25 A Bolshoy pr PS197198 St. PetersburgTelephone: +7 812 233 9683Telefax: +7 812 232 4679

SLOVAKIAUDDEHOLM SlovakiaNástrojové ocele, s.r.oKRÁCINY 2036 01 MartinTelephone: +421 842 4 300 823Telefax: +421 842 4 224 028

Edition: 1, 01.2000

UDDEHOLMSOUTH AMERICA

ARGENTINAUDDEHOLM S.AMozart 401619-Centro Industrial GarinGarin-Prov. Buenos AiresTelephone: +54 332 744 4440Telefax: +54 332 745 3222

BRAZILUDDEHOLM ACOS ESPECIAIS Ltda.Estrada Yae Massumoto, 353CEP 09842-160Sao Bernardo do Campo - SP BrazilTelephone: +55 11 4393 4560, -4554Telefax: +55 11 4393 4561

UDDEHOLMSOUTH AFRICAUDDEHOLM Africa (Pty) Ltd.P.O. Box 539ZA-1600 Isando/JohannesburgTelephone: +27 11-974 2781Telefax: +27 11-392 2486

UDDEHOLMAUSTRALIABOHLER-UDDEHOLM Australia129-135 McCredie RoadGuildford NSW 2161Private Bag 14Telephone: +61 2 9681 3100Telefax: +61 2 9632 6161

Branch officesSydney, Melbourne, Adelaide,Brisbane, Perth, Newcastle,Launceston, Albury, Townsville

ASSAB

ASSAB INTERNATIONALSkytteholmsvägen 2P O Box 42SE-171 11 SolnaSwedenTelephone: +46 8 564 616 70Telefax: +46 8 25 02 37

SubsidiariesIndia, Iran, Turkey, United ArabEmiratesDistributors inAfrica, Latin America, Middle East

ASSAB PACIFICASSAB Pacific Pte. Ltd171, Chin Swee RoadNo. 07-02, San CentreSingapore 169877Telephone: +65 534 56 00Telefax: +65 534 06 55

SubsidiariesChina, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan,Korea, Malaysia, Philippine Islands,Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand

When the first idea pops into your head, throughout the developmentprocess to the release of the new product, we’ll be your partner.As the world’s leading supplier of tooling materials and related services,we can be trusted. Meet us under the Uddeholm and ASSAB brands,wherever in the world you have your business.