extra syntax exercises x - aarhus universitet ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Extra Syntax Exercises X *** The X-‐Files ***
Ken Ramshøj Christensen Aarhus University
2014
ParDcles. The Double Object ConstrucDon. “Let”. ImperaDves. Proper names. Swearing. Adverb-‐Modal Order.
Material NOT covered in the intro course
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Draw the tree structure of the following sentences:
(1) They eventually threw out the garbage. (2) They eventually threw the garbage out. (3) She bought him a nice present. (4) They should not let him leave. (5) Don’t you let him leave. (6) Professor Neil Smith (7) That annoying Ken Ramshøj “Is it lunchDme yet?”
Christensen from Aarhus (8) What the Hell are you doing? (9) Actually, we probably shouldn’t have danced to that
song
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ANSWERS
Trees drawn using Miles Shang’s Syntax Tree Generator (hcp://mshang.ca/syntree/) AddiDonal text, figures, lines and arrows added in Microso1 PowerPoint
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(see Haegeman & Guéron 1999:252-‐264)
Par+cle shi2: The DP object moves
around the parDcle in Prt° into spec-‐PrtP.
(1)
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(see Haegeman & Guéron 1999:252-‐264)
Par+cle incorpora+on: The parDcle and the verb
form a complex consDtuent, V*.
(2)
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(see Haegeman & Guéron 1999:125)
Indirect object: spec-‐VP
Direct object: sister of V°
V°-‐to-‐V° movement: The lexical verb is sDll in a V° inside VP following
never lek-‐adjoined to VP
Adjunct: Lek-‐
adjoined modifier of
VP
(3)
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Embedded NON-‐FINITE clause. An infiniDval IP without to in I°.
Subject in spec-‐IP
Subject in spec-‐IP
Clausal object: Sister of V°
(4)
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As the subject occupies spec-‐IP, the auxiliary verb must have moved to C°, cf. that it cannot follow the subject:
Don’t let him leave! *You don’t let him leave! Don’t you let him leave!
I°-‐to-‐C° movement: Subject-‐Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)
OPTIONAL subject in spec-‐IP
Embedded NON-‐FINITE clause. An infiniDval IP without to in I°.
Subject in spec-‐IP
Clausal object: Sister of V°
(5)
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A nominal modifier, such as professor, king, mister or doctor, is an NP, not a DP, cf. that it is not possible to have a determiner immediately preceding it:
We all miss [good old [professor Smith]]. We all miss [the good old [professor Smith]]. *We all miss [the good old [the professor Smith]]. *We all miss [good old [the professor Smith]].
Modifier lek-‐adjoined to NP
The first name is in the specifier of the surname.
(6)
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The first name is in the specifier of the middle name.
The first and middle names form a consDtuent in the specifier of the surname.
Modifier lek-‐adjoined to the NP containing the full
name (N3P) Modifier right-‐adjoined to the NP containing the full name (N3P)
Note that each name (first, middle and surname) must be an NP in order to allow for adunciton af phrasal modifiers. In compound names, e.g. Hans-‐Henrik (where the primary stress is on the second part) are complex N°s.
(7)
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Modifiers are normally adjoined to NP, not to DP. However, there are other examples of adjunc+on to DP, cf.
[He who must not be named]. (Harry Pocer) [He who pays the piper] calls the tune. (Proverb) [Only the good] die young. (Old saying) Let [him who hath understanding] reckon the number of the beast. (The Bible)
Modifier right-‐adjoined to DP
(8)
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Adjunct lek-‐adjoined to IP
Adjunct lek-‐adjoined to IP
(9) AdjuncDon to an XP projects another instance of that XP.
IP-‐recursion: An IP selecDng another IP
The subject moves from the lower spec-‐IP to the higher spec-‐IP, but this is NOT raising: It is movement within
the same clause.
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