extension of the smart-plant concept to small wastewater...

Extension of the SMART-Plant concept to small wastewater

treatment plantsFrancesco Fatone and the SMART-Plant Consortium

Supported by

the Horizon 2020

Framework Programme

of the European Union

14 - 16 September 2016

13th IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems (SWWS) 5th IWA Specialized Conference on Resources-Oriented Sanitation (ROS)

o

SMART-Plant SMART-People

The SMART-Plant Consortium

Supported by the Horizon 2020

Framework Programme


Contents

• The Horizon2020 SMART-Plant innovations and technical-economic sustainability in small WWTPs

ALTERNATIVE SMALL AND DECENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS?

• Co-treatment of municipal wastewater and organic waste

• Centralized treatment vs sewer mining (the new «concept» of decentralization): the WATINTECH project

• Decentralized nutrient recovery: the URBANLOOP project


Framework Programme


Resources embedded to municipal wastewater

Parameter ValueReusable water (m3/capita year) 91,3Cellulose (kg/capita year) 6,6Biopolymers; PHA (kg/capita year) 3,3Phosphorus in P precursors (kg/capita year) 0,9Nitrogen in N precursors (kg/capita year) 4,6Methane (m3/ capita year) 12,8Organic Fertilizer (P-rich compost) (kg/capita year) 9,1Verstraete et al. (2009) Bioresource Technology 100, 5537–5545

Salehizadej and van Loosdrecht (2004) Biotechnology Advances 22, 261–279


Framework Programme


SMART-Plant overall target

STech 1

Stech 3

STech 2b

STech 2a

STech 4a

STech 4b

STech 5

Treated water

Struvite,(NH4)2SO4

P-Compost

Biopolymers

Cellulose

Nutrientsremoval

Phosphorus recovery

PHA recovery

Cellulose recovery

Water reuse

Soil amendment

Plastics, biomass

plants and composite material

industries

MainstreamRenovation

& Integration

Sidestream Integration

CONVENTIONALEXISTING

WWTP

Environmental and human health protection

New water governance and utility management

persepectives

New sustainable chemical sourcing model

New jobs opportunities in circular economy

Carbon removal

Biogas recovery Energy-efficiency

The overall target of SMART-Plant is to validate and to address to the market a portfolio of SMARTechnologies that, singularly or combined, can renovate and upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants and give the added value of

instigating the paradigm change towards efficient wastewater-based bio-refineries.


Framework Programme


SMART-Plant open the pathway todeliver circular economy

SCALE

UP


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SMART-Plant Business plan and market deployment strategy

Primary licensing stream

Lever and Cross licensing stream


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The SMARTechnologies

Influent Effluent

Biogas

Dehydratedsludge Water line

Sludge line

Conventional Primary Sedimentation replaced by Primary

Upstream SMARTech1

Conventional Activated Sludge replaced by Secondary Mainstream

SMARTechs 2a and/or 2b

Conventional or Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion

integrated by Sidestream SMARTechs 4a,4b or 5

Conventional Secondary Effluent refined by Tertiary Mainstream

SMARTech3


Framework Programme


SMARTech n.

Integrated municipal WWTP

Key enabling process(es) SMART-product(s)

1 Uithuizermeeden(Netherlands)

Upstream dynamic fine-screen and post-processing of cellulosic

sludge

Cellulosic sludge, refined clean cellulose

2a Karmiel (Israel) Mainstream polyurethane-based anaerobic biofilter

Biogas, Energy-efficient water reuse

2b Manresa (Spain) Mainstream SCEPPHAR P-rich sludge, PHA

3 Cranfield (UK) Mainstream tertiary hybrid ion exchange

Nutrients

4a Carbonera (Italy) Sidestream SCENA+conventionalAD

P-rich sludge, VFA

4b Psyttalia (Greece) Sidestream SCENA+enhanced AD P-rich sludge5 Carbonera (Italy) Sidestream SCEPPHAR PHA, struvite, VFA


Framework Programme


The SMART-Plant integrated WWTPs

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Imhoff (<2000 PE) Primary (<2000 PE) Secondary Advanced

Nu

mb

er

of W

WTP

s


Framework Programme


Is “small” relevant in Italy?

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

50.000

Imhoff (<2000 PE) Primary (<2000 PE) Secondary Advanced

Tre

atm

en

t P

ote

nti

al -

Po

pu

lati

on

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

(10

00

*PE)

But: N and P effluent qualitystandard must be achievedfor each WWTP if the agglomeration is larger than100 000 PE

Problem or opportunity?


Framework Programme


And in the EU?

SMARTech1: Primary (upstream) dynamic sieving and clean cellulose recovery

Mixed bufferSeparation

course parts(> 1.5 mm)

Inactivate biological

activity

Grid removal FOG removalFibre

separation

Dewatering Desinfection

Flitrate

Screenings

further upgrading

Product sales

Inactivation biological activity Separation course

partsSand-/grit removal

Fibre separation


Framework Programme


• 79% cellulose fiber, • 5 % other organics, • 6% inorganic (ash),• 10% other contaminants (average in The Netherlands).

Potentially marketable product, but the economic feasibility depends mainly on savings at the WWTP

Market developmentMarketing and valorization of recovered cellulose

Reuse in asphalt Raw material for composite (Brunel) Insulation materials (In development, not sure yet)

SMARTech1: Primary (upstream) dynamic sieving and clean cellulose recovery


Framework Programme


Extension to existing small WWTPs? (some economics)

In WWTPs larger than 20 000 PE, not having primary sedimentation,

the payback period of a RBF installation would be about 5-8 years.

In WWTPs larger bigger than 80 000 PE the payback is closer to 8

years.

If primary sedimentation is present, the payback period would be 10-

12 years

In case of a fully- or over-loaded WWTP, RBF could prevent an

extension of the biology and secondary clarifiers, making it a good

alternative for other solutions.


Framework Programme


Source: BWA, internal communication

Extension to existing small WWTPs?From the preliminary market studies (to be detailed within SMART-

Plant) BWA learned that:

• at least 800-1200 kg/d (30000-70000 PE) clean cellulose must be

recovered to upgrade it economically at WWTP level.

• However 1 WWTP is not enough to create a stable discharge

channel. At least 2000-3000 kg/day (100000-170000 PE) of cellulose

would be needed for profitable valorization.


Framework Programme


1. An innovative anaerobic immobilized polymeric biofilter.

2. Reaction volume -25 m3 will be designed and installed in the WWTP of Karmiel (North of Israel)

3. Characteristics:

- 100-120 m3/d (480 PE).

- Removal of 30-40% of CODf

- Additional of 25% biogas

- Reduction of 25-30% energy consumption.

4. Operation optimization, monitoring and validation:

- biogas yield

- biomass activity

- treated effluent quality

SMARTech2a: Secondary mainstream biogas recovery by polyfoam biofilter


Framework Programme


SMARTech2a: Secondary mainstream biogas recovery by polyfoam biofilter


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• Compact system• Flexible to fluctuations• Tested in full scale

Extendible to small WWTPs

SMARTech2b

Mainstream SCEPPHAR

Two separated SBR

Buffer tank

P-recovery system

20%PHA biomass

SMARTech2b: Secondary mainstream SCEPPHAR


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SMARTech2b: Secondary mainstream SCEPPHAR


Framework Programme


• Improved effluent quality (lower N & P)

• Lower operational costs• P and PHA recovery

Extendible mainly for new small WWTP!

SMARTech3: Tertiary nutrient recovery by mesoliteand nano ion exchange

Secondary influent10-60 m3/day


Framework Programme


SMARTech3: Tertiary nutrient recovery by mesoliteand nano ion exchange


Framework Programme


• Automatic adsorption system• Able to achieve very low (required)

effluent P and N concentration• N and P recovery is added value• Tested in demo (small) scale

Extendible to small WWTPs!

SMARTech4a/b Sidestream S.C.E.N.A.


Framework Programme


SMARTech5 Sidestream SCEPPHAR

1-Production of VFAs

and struvite from

cellulosic sewage

sludge

2-Nitrogen removal via-

nitrite driven by Selection

of PHA storing biomass

3-PHA accumulation

Wastewater

Reject Water

PHA

extraction

Fed-bacth reactor

Nitritation and Selection SBR

Fermentation S/L

Mg(OH)2

Cellulosic

SludgeStruvite

VFAs

VFAs

Treated Reject

Water

Selected PHA

storing biomass


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Sewage sludge SMARTechs

• Probably complex and cost-intensive for integrationin small WWTPs

• Centralized business development model does notmatch with the decentralized treatment


Framework Programme


Not extendible to small WWTPs unless…we co-treat foodwaste…

which is not widely permitted

PHA and P recovery in small WWTPs

Integrated system for the treatment of municipal wastewater by applying foodwaste derived external carbon source


Framework Programme


SCEPPHAR

SCENA

WATINTECH (coordinated by )

WATINTECH will develop effective decentralized treatment concepts for sewage and urban run-off to recover:

• Water

• Energy (methane)

• Value-added products (caustic, oxygen)

A key innovation of WATINTECH will be the smart integration of different water sources and decentralized and centralized infrastructure creating novel synergies.


Framework Programme


WATINTECH


Framework Programme


Courtesy of ICRA

UrbanLoopsCall: H2020-IND-CE-2016-17

Topic: CIRC-02-2016-2017: Water in the context of the circular economy• Diversify urban water and green infrastructure for maximal nutrients

recovery and demonstrate their potential for safe local reuse.• Side effects:

– Resource security (water, food) and efficiency– Environmental benefits: water quality, biodiversity, increased green infrastructure– Optimized operation of existing (water) infrastructure – New business and jobs opportunities in management of water, nutrients and food; and

consequently,– Building resilience in urbaneconomy

• Lloret de Mar asdemonstration site

https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020/calls/h2020-ind-ce-2016-17.html

https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020/topics/2343-circ-02-2016-2017.html

Aplication of the UrbanLoops concept to Lloretde Mar

HOTEL SAMBA CAMPING TUCAN

Final considerations• Thousands small WWTPs will need revamp/renovation to

reach lower effluent standard of N and P. This challengecould be a great opportunity to boost decentralized water reuse in water scarce area

• The SMART-Plant business model focuses on medium-large WWTPs. Local reuse would fit better to small systems

• 50% SMARTechnologies can be extended to small WWTPsand achieve energy efficiency and better performances

• When focusing on new small and decentralized conceptsintegrated municipal treatments and/or sewer miningconcepts are promising and worthy of increasing the technology readiness level


Framework Programme


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SMART-Plant SMART-People

Thank you for your attention!


Framework Programme


extension of the smart-plant concept to small wastewater...

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