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Extension Education Meaning Definition Concept

Objective And Principle

INSTRUCTOR : SPEAKER: Prof. Shri Ram Singh Priyanka Kumari R-13031

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EXTENSION EDUCATION MEANING

DEFINATION CONCEPT OBJECTIVE

AND PRINCIPLE

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Education is the process of giving training and instruction to people to develop their knowledge, abilities, skills, character and mental powers.

Knowledge: It includes facts, concepts, principles and relationship

Attitude: An attitude can be loosely defined as a feeling towards some object, person, and situation or idea.

Skills: Ability to do things.

MEANING OF EDUCATION

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1. Informal education : Lifelong educational process from daily experiences and exposure to environment.

2. Formal education: Highly institutionalized, uniform, chronologically graded, hierarchically structured .

3. Non formal education: Provide selected types of learning to particular sub groups of population according to their need.

MEANING OF FORMAL, INFORMAL AND NON FORMAL

EDUCATION

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“Extension is a programme and a process of helping village people to help themselves, increase their production and to raise their general standard of living.” -D. Ensminger 1967.

“Extension Education is a science which deals with the creation, transmission and application of knowledge designed to bring about planned changes in the behavior-complex of people, with a view to help them live better by learning the ways of improving their vocations, enterprises and institutions”. Reddy A. Adivi 1993.

Definition of extension education

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THE BASIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION

Education is the production of desirable changes in human behavior.

Change in knowledge.

Change in skills (Mental and physical).

Mental skills: Application of knowledge in solving the problems of life. Physical skills: Ability of a person to do any work physically.

Change in attitude.

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THE CONCEPT OF THE EXTENSION

EDUCATIONAL PROCESS.

The concept developed by Dr. J. Paul Leagans.

The Education starts with study of present situation and identification of problems. Based on the problems identified, solutions are found out and objectives are formulated. In the third phase, plan of work is taught on how to attain the objectives, and then the entire process is evaluated and in the final stage reconsideration about the unattained objectives and unaddressed problems is done.

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AN EXAMPLE OF EXTENSION EDUCATION PROCESS

I. ANALYSIS OF SITUATION

VILLAGE INFORMATION: Type of soils, crops, nature of irrigation, etc. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED1. Wild boars2. Heliothes in cotton3. Electricity problem4. Lack of good market price for produce5. Low yields in paddy due to water shortage

This requires a large amount of facts

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II. DECIDING UPON THE OBJECTIVES General Objective: To improve paddy yields by adoption of SRI

Specific objectives:1. To improve farmers knowledge on SRI by organizing training programmes.

2. To develop skills among farmers in SRI by conducting demonstrations.

III. TEACHING PLAN OF WORK:

. 

This involves choosing

(1) The content or what is to be taught .

(2) Methods and techniques of communication.

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IV. EVALUATION OF TEACHING

V. RECONSIDERATION:

This step consists of a review of previous efforts and results which reveal a new situation.

This process is continuous.

This determine to what extent objectives have been reached.

This will also be a test of how accurately and clearly the objectives have been stated..

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OBJECTIVES OF EXTENSION Objectives are expressions of the ends towards which our efforts are directed.

The fundamental objective of extension is the development of the people.

General objectives or functions of Extension are

To assist people to discover and analyze their problems their felt and unfelt needs.

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To develop leadership among people.

To disseminate information.

To keep the research workers informed.

The major objectives of Extension may also be categorized as follows.

(i) Material – increase production, income.(ii) Educational – change the outlook of people or develop the individuals.(iii) Social and cultural – development of the communit.

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FOUR GREAT PRINCIPLES OF EXTENSION

According to Mildred Horton, 1952 the four great principles underlying extension services are: 1. The individual is supreme in democracy.

2. The home is a fundamental unit in a civilization.

3. The family is the first training group of the human race.

4. The foundation of any permanent civilization must rest on the partnership of man and the land.

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PRINCIPLES OF EXTENSION EDUCATION:

1) Principle of interests and needs: To be effective, extension work must begin with the interest and needs of the people.

Only can the extension agency mould the needs and interests of the people into realistic needs.

2) Grass Root principle :To be effective and real, it has to be synthesis of democracy obtained at the level of the family and more particularly at the village level.

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3) Principle of cultural differences: Cultural differences exist between Extension worker and farmer. To be effective the approach and procedure must be suited to the culture of the people who are taught. 4) Principle of cooperation and participation: The participation of the people is of fundamental importance for the success of any educational Endeavor.

5) Principle of learning by doing: Learning by doing involves use of maximum number of senses, hence it is very effective in changing behavior.

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6) Adaptability principle in the use of extension teaching methods.

The use of teaching methods must have flexibility to be adopted to the members of a community who differ in age, education, economic status, sex and proneness to change etc.

7) Principle of leadership:

The involvement of leaders in extension programmes is the one single factor that determines the success or failure of those programmes.

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8) Whole family principle:

The family is the unit of any society. Creates mutual

understanding, aids in money management, balances farm and

family needs, educates the younger members, assures family

service to the community and society.

9) Principle of satisfaction:

Unless the people are satisfied with the end product of any

programme, it is not going to be able to run.

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IMPORTANCE OF EXTENSIONExtension lays emphasis on “How to teach” instead of on “What to teach” so that the people can be encouraged to adopt new research techniques easily.

The discipline of extension education is to generate knowledge.

It also has to take into account the various problems emerging at the social level due to implementation of developmental programmes.

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Extension Education is primarily for the rural development.

Its main objective is to bring necessary change in the beliefs or views of people.

It is utilized to make scientific methods available to the rural people, so that they can raise their agricultural production and their standard of living.

In India, the aim of extension education is community development.

Extension education plays major role in bringing desirable change in rural people.

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