Written ByNg Chee Kin

B.Sc.(Hons.), MBA ngcheekin@gmail.com mrcheekin@blogspot.com.au

All Rights Reserved 2012 Ng Chee KinPage 1

EXpresSPRESS

au

.

CHAPTER 1

comMeasuring cylinder

Introduction to Science

1.1 What is Science?

1 Science is a systematic study of nature and its

effects on us and the environment.BeakerFilter funnel

2 Natural phenomena are events that happen

.

naturally around us.

Science can be divided into many fields such as: Biology, physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy and meteorology.

4Science-based careers are occupations that are

Water trough

based on science, for example: Life science

doctor, nurse, dietician, botanist, zookeeper;

earth science environmental scientist,Bell jarGas jar

meteorologist,geologist,mineralogist,blogspot

volcanologist; and physical science physicist,

chemist, engineer, architect, and radiologist.

1.2A Science Laboratory

.

1It is a room or a building where scientific

investigations are carried out.

2We must obey safety rules and precautions

when working in a science laboratory.Flat-bottomed flaskConical flask

3Common laboratory apparatus:

Test tube holder

Test-tubeBoiling tubeFlat-bottomed flaskRound-bottomed flaskDropper

mrcheekin

Evaporating dish

Tripod stand

Test tube rack

Crucible tongs

Eureka can

4 Hazard warning symbols:Page 2

1.3The Steps in a Scientific Investigation

external),

(1)Identifying the problem

micrometer,

Highly flammable

(2)Forming a hypothesis

vernier

c lipers

(3)Planning the experiment

Examples:

Length of.auString

Ethanol, petrol

(4)Controlling variables

curves

and ruler,

(5)Collecting data

opisometer

Explosive

(6) Analysing and interpreting data

Area f

Mathematical1 cm2

(7)Drawing a conclusion

regular

formulae,= 100 mm2

Examples:

(8)Writing a report

shapes

graph paper

Sodium, potassium

.com

1 m22

1.4Physical Quantities and Their Units

Area of

Estimation= 10 000 cm

Corrosive1 Physical quantities and their s1 units:

irregular

using graph1 km2

shapes

paper= 1 000 000 m2

Examples:

PhysicalSI units

Unit

Volume of

Measuring1 ml = 1 cm3

Concentrated

quantities

ymbols

hydrochloric acid,

liquids

cylinder,1 l = 1 000 cm3

length

metre

m

sodium hydroxide

pipette,1 m3 = 1 000 000 cm3

mass

kiloram

kg

burette

time

secnd

s

Poisonous/toxic

Volume of

Mathematical

temperaturekelvin

K

regular-

formulae,

Examples:

electric currentampere

A

shaped solidswater

Lead, mercury

blogspot

displacement

1.5

.

method

We ght and Mass

(Eureka can

1The weight of an object is the pull of the

or measuring

Irritant

Earths gravity on the object.

cylinder filled

2 The mass of an object is the quantity of matter

1 m3

with water)

Examples:

in the object.

= 1 000 000 cm3

Volume of

Water

Chlorine, chloroform

1.6Measuring Tools

irregular-

displacement

Physical

Units

shaped solidsmethod

(using

Highly flammable

Tools/method

and their

quantity

Eureka can

relationship

or measuring

Examples:Length ofMetre rule,

1 cm = 10 mm

cylinder filled

Ethanol, petrolstraight linesruler, calipers

1 m = 100 cm

mrcheekin(internal &

1 km = 1000 m

with water)

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