exports of vegetables and fruits to the western european

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

RESEARCH INSTITUTE LEI HOLLAND

Internal Report 314

Ir. E.H.J.M. de Kleijn

Drs. A.F. van Gaasbeek

Feasibility of Columbian exports of vegetables and fruits to the Western European market

September 1985

NOT FOR PUBLICATION - REPRINT PROHIBITED

CONTENTS

Page

SUMMARY 5

1. INTRODUCTION 7

2. DISCUSSION ON THE SEPERATE COMMODITIES 8 2.1 Melon 8 2.2 Garlic 11 2.3 Ginger 13 2.4 Lychee 15 2.5 Strawberry 16 2.6 Sugar pea 18 2.7 Blackberry/cranberry/bilberry (blue and red) 20

3. POTENTIAL MARKET SHARES IN 1990 FOR THE COMMODITIES FROM COLUMBIAN ORIGINE (INCLUDED THE PROMISING ONES OF THE FIRST RESEARCH) 24

4. IMPORT PRICE LEVELS OF THE COMMODITIES UNDER RESEARCH

AND THE PROGNOSIS OF PRICES FOR 1990 28

5. IMPORT REGULATIONS AND CUSTOMSDUTIES 30

6. CONCLUSIONS 32

ANNEXES (under seperate cover)

I Imports, quantities and prices per country of origine

II Graphs about realized importquantities and -prices per commodity and prognoses for 1990

III Import prices per month per country of destination

SUMMARY

1. Melon

Productions in Europe is expanding as well as imports. Imports are growing faster however. For Colombia there are possibilities during 6 months of the year (November/April). The competition on the market for melons will remain very strong; for that reason a sharp price policy and an excellent quality is needed. From all varieties "Honeydew1 has the best chances.

2. Garlic

The market is increasing together with home production. Most of the imports are originating from neighbouring countries, which means a disadvantage for Colombia. Imports are relatively low in the period December/ April. It seems there are chances but it has to be kept in mind that garlic can be stored during 4 till 6 months. Garlic with a size of 45/65 will have the best chances. Low prices and excellent quality will be important marketing tools.

3. Ginger

The demand for ginger increases strongly is Western Europe. There is a special demand for sound and handpalm sized ginger. Supply in December/ February seems to be under developed. Prospects for Colombia are favourable in this period. In 1990 imports from this country could amount to 500 metric tonnes.

4. Lychee

The market for lychee is still underdeveloped. Therefore, extra investments will be necessary to develop markets for this commodity. Imports are increasing however, but there is a disadvantage because imports coincide with Colombia's main supply-season. For that reason the future market share of Colombia will be smaller than on account of the developments was expected. In 1990 55 metric tonnes can supplied.

5. Strawberry

The market for strawberries in Europe is nearly the whole year amply supplied. Both home production and imports are still Increasing. Chances for Colombia are poor because there are many competitors with less freight costs than Colombia. In October/November there are some opporunities, in 1990 exports from Colombia could amount to 150 metric tonnes.

6. Sugar pea

Home production in Europe diminished during the last decades. These gaps can filled up with imports, which is happening already.

Exports from Colombia meet good chances in the period September/ April. Consumers demand especially the flat pods (the so called 'razor blades'). Transportations have to be done by plane.

7. Bilberry blue

Both home production and imports are increasing in Europe, especially in winter and spring there are some chances for Colombia. To get a reasonable market share price competition is neccesary. Blueberries demand short transport lines, because they are extremely susceptible to damage. For Colombia it means transporting by plane. Costs of air freight will probably make the price of billbarries uncompetitive.

For other berries the possibilities are less than for blueberries, because they only are demanded in a limited part of the year.

8. Harricots verts

The market for harricots verts is well developed. The possibilities for Colombia for this commodity are therefore limited.

9. Commodities from the first research

For asparagus Colombia can achieve a market share of 0.5% (= 200 metric tonnes) when the price does not exceed 2 US dollar per kg.

Colombian mango and fig shall meet a less increasing market as asperagus do, and hence a sharper competition. A market share of resp. 1.3 and 0.7% however will be feasible.

Market shares in 1990 for guava, papaya and passionfruits of resp. 2, 3.3 and 2.2% are possible.

INTRODUCTION

This investigation named "Feasibility of Colombian exports of vegetables and fruits to the Western European market" is a second research on demand of the HVA-International BV in Amsterdam concerning the commodities melon, garlic, ginger, lychee, strawberry, sugar pea, blackberry, cranberry and the bilberry varieties blue and red. A supplementary research is also carried out for the promising products from the first research namely for Asparagus, Mango, Guava, Papaya, Fig and Passionfruit. The countries under research in Western Europe are the Netherlands, Bleu, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, France, Sweden and Switzerland.

This internal report contains the results of a desk research and of interviews with exporters. In chapter 2 after a general overview, attention is paid to the home production, if any, and the total imports of the mentioned countries in the period 1980 - 1984, seperate per product.

Next comes up for discussion the distribution of the selling capacity of imports c.q. production by month. A third object is the prognosis of the import development for 1990. For this a time series analysis is made (regression) by explaining the quantity of total imports in a importing country by the price of these imports and a trend variable (the so called independents).

Results of the prognoses are not only mentioned of import quantities but also of prices for 1990, besides a summary in this chapter in the annexe II. Commodities having an attractive market potential and under research in the first report are also included in this graphs. Prices can be higher if Colombian exports take place in the European out of season period (spring and winter). This being the case it is mentioned in the same graphs. An indicator how much higher prices will be in these case is recovered in the annexed tables III, called prices per month.

Subsequently in this chapter a description is given about quality, package and transports. A lot of these information is obtained by interviewing Dutch im- and exporters. Also data are taken from the Sprenger Institute series called: Produktgegevens Groente en Fruit (available at HVA).

In chapter 3 we shall discuss the problem how Colombia can possible build up a market share in 1990 for several commodities. In this chapter also the promising commodities from the first research are treated.

Chapter 4 gives quoted import prices per month in behalf of the feasibility studies in Colombia itself. Attention too is paid to the developments of prices for 1990 (on basis of trend extrapolation).

Chapter 5 gives the import regulations, customs facilities and -duties for the relevant commodities and for the various countries.

Finally in chapter 6 the conclusions of the research are drawn. This investigation is executed by the cooperations of many. Spécial

we want to mention H. Tap and A. Stein for the collection of the date and the first compilation, W. de Haan for collecting the material about importregulations, needed qualities, package and phytosanitary matters, and last but not least for overlooking the Englisch translation.

September 1985 Agricultural Economics Research Institute

DISCUSSION ON THE SEPERATE COMMODITIES

2.1 Melon

2.1.1 General information

Sugar melons (like Cantelope) have their origine in the tropics and subtropics of Asia. The so called Honeydews are from African origine. The last variety is stronger than Cantelope but little less savoury. For Colombia Honeydew gives the best chances in spring when Spain is absent on the Western European market.

In North-West Europe nowadays the cropping takes mainly place under glass. During the last years the increase of the imports is stronger than of production in the countries under research. In the Netherlands 76% of total consumption is imported. The main exporters are Spain, Italy and Greece. But there are also melons coming from Senegal, Colombia, Ecuador and Israel.

In the Netherlands the per capita consumption numbered approximately one kilogram in 1979, but tripled in the years to 1984.

2.1.2 Production and imports

During the last years the production in Europe is expanding. An exception has to be made for the BLEU where production is stagnant. In France, the main producer for the countries under examination, there are strong fluctuations from year tot year as result of climatic circumstances.

Table 2.1 Home production of melons in the EC (x metric tonnes)

Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

The Netherlands 3,500 3,800 3,800 4,800 5,300

BLEU 1,000 600 500 500 500 Fed.Rep. of Germany - _ - _ -United Kingdom ~ France 189,700 212,000 234,000 222,000 213,000

Source: Eurostat (-) = quantities not available.

Imports in West-Europe are increasing faster than production do. Imports are growing with 6% per annum, home production on the contrary with 3%. In 1980 home production and imports had the same size, in 1984 imports were 100 thousand metric tonnes bigger.

Table 2.2 Imports of melon into five EC-countries, Sweden and Switzerland (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France Sweden Switzerland

1980

18,035 15,423 76,627 63,729 43,458 3,925

12,240

1981

22,413 16,095 86,484 73,845 48,013 4,843

14,620

1982

23,632 18,055 87,212 65,424 54,454 4,866

14,090

1983

26,675 18,205 98,567 84,544 61,264

4,518 15,707

1984

28,861 19,440 85,805 90,769 61,958

6,246 15,373

Source: Eurostat/CBT (= Netherlands).

Central Bureau of Horticultural Auctions in the

Strong growers for imports are the Netherlands and Sweden, a moderate increase is found in France, United Kingdom BLEU and Switzerland. A low increase of imports shows the Federal Republic of Germany.

Main importers for melons are the Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom and even France although these countries have a big production too.

2.1.3 Consumption patterns

Both imports and production take place in the period May until October. Most of the imports are coming from the EC-countries itself or from other countries on the Northern Hemisphere. From the point of distribution within the year a big increase of imports seems to be possible. The period November until April looks most suitable with regard to this, specially when Spain (the main exporter) is absent (Jan./Apr.)« At the moment only Brasil, South Africa and Senegal are importing from the Southern Hemisphere. (See for developments also the chapter 3 about the potential market shares for Colombia).

Table 2.3 Distribution of melon imports and production by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Imports Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep.of G. United Kingdom Sweden Home production Netherlands

Jan.

2 1 0 2

—

Feb.

2 0 0 1 2

—

Mrc.

3 1 0 2 2

—

Apr.

3 1 1 1 3

—

May

7 7 9 6

18

2

Jun.

16 16 22 12 29

5

Jul.

25 27 34 19 7

22

Aug.

22 29 25 27 15

47

Sep.

11 12 6

15 9

19

Oct.

4 4 2 8

10

5

Nov. Dec.

3 3 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1

1

Source: CBT/PGF (= Commodity Board for Edible Horticultural Products).

2.1.4 Prognosis for melon imports into West European countries for 1990

The increase in imports of melons for 1990 will be 33%, this means that imports can vary from 308 to 410 thousand metric tonnes.

Table 2.4 Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984 (x metric tonnes) melons

Country Estimation based Imports Prognosis % increase 1990 upon regression 1984 for 1990* compaired with 1984 function

Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep.of Germ. United Kingdom France Sweden Switzerland

Total

Q = f (P,T) Q - f (T ) Q - f (P ) Q = f (T ) Q - f (P,T) Q - f (P,T) Q - f (P,T)

28,861 19,440 85,805 90,769 61,958 6,246

15,373

308,452

39,983 25,558 95,347

127,492 97,237 6,877

17,095

409,589

+ 39 + 31 + 11 + 40 + 57 + 10 + 11

+ 33

*) When price has influence, prognosis for 1990 is made under supposition of 10% lower price in comparison with 1984.

There are four countries with a strong increase (more than 30%), being the Netherlands, BLEU, United Kingdom and France.

A moderate growth will be found in the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and Switzerland (about 10%).

2.1.5 Quality and package

Melons for export have to be packed in flat wooden boxes (10 kg net-to) or cartons (23 kg netto) with 6 till 14 pieces per unity, 70% of the supply consists of 8-12 pieces per unity. Mostly pallets are used. Melons are susceptible to low temperature deterioration. Therefore high humidity in transport is necessary, on the other hand this is a favourable circumstance for appearing rot and mould. The following commodity temperature is advised on transportation; less than one day 6-15 centidegrees, one to three days 6-12 centidegrees and longer than three days 6-10 centidegrees. Precooling before transport is a normal treatment (vacuumcooling not possible). Further information can be found in: Productgegevens Groente en Fruit. Sprenger Institute: part Melons chapter 10, 11, 12, and 13.

10

2.2 Garl ic


Garlic is a representative of the family of Amaryllidaceae like onion do and has its homeland in Central Asia. It is used for centuries as a food and as a spice. In Europe the most important production areas are France, Spain, Italy and some countries behind the iron curtain. Garlic asks a semi arid climate. In the last decennia the demand for garlic is growing in West Europe, it is a result of changes in eating habits but more in the presence of a lot of guest workers originated from the Medi-terrenean.


Figures about garlic production are only available in France.

Table 2.5 Production of garlic in France (x metric tonnes)

Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

France 58,000 41,000 51,000 64,000 68,000

Source: Eurostat.

Developments in garlic imports in West European countries are different. In BLEU imports are stagnant. In the other countries a rise is found, the strongest increase we saw in the Federal Republic of Germany and Sweden with 15% per annum. More moderate is the increase in France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Switzerland (3 till 5% per annum).

Table 2.6 Imports of garlic in West Europe (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands* BLEU Fed. Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France Sweden Switzerland

1980

1,245 1,382 3,405 2,405 9,630

221 1,877

1981

1,233 1,332 3,457 2,497

10,004 239

1,885

1982

1,202 1,259 3,761 2,389

12,883 228

1,958

1983

1,600 1,287 4,779 3,109

10,912 303

2,164

1984

1,424 1,361 5,615 3,264

12,696 351

2,218

Source: Eurostat. *) There is reexport from the Netherlands, mainly to the Fed.Rep. of

Germany, resp. of 271, 280, 252, 520 and 356 metric tonnes.

Imports in total in West Europe are risen by 6% per annum. Total imports amount 27 thousand metric tonnes in 1984. A further increase till 1990 seems possible. Garlic imports are originating for an important part from the Mediterrenean- and Eastblock countries.


11

Table 2.7 Distribution of garlic imports by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep.of G. United Kingdom

Jan.

7 7 6 7

Feb.

6 5 4 7

Mrc.

7 6 6 5

Apr.

8 6 5

10

May

9 7 7 6

Jun.

9 12 8

10

Jul.

12 10 11 10

Aug.

10 11 11 11

Sep.

10 11 12 10

Oct.

9 11 12 11

Nov. Dec.

7 7 8 7

10 8 6 6

Source: PGF.

The distribution of garlic imports along the months is reasonable proportional. In winter and spring (December til April) there is a little gap left. Above the general rise of the imports, this period will give supplementary possibilities.

2.2.4 Prognosis for garlic imports into the West European countries for 1990

In the next table we have summarized the results of an estimation of the imports for 1990 for garlic

Table 2.8 Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984, garlic (x metric tonnes)


Netherlands Q = f (P,T) BLEU Fed.Rep.of Germ. United Kingdom France

Total 24,366 30,577 + 25

*) Prognosis for 1990 is made under supposition of 10% lower prices in comparison with 1984.

The market will increase with 25% till 1990. Here also there are different developments between countries. Biggist increase is found in the FRG (+ 36%), stagnation in Import exists in BLEU. The total size of the import market in 1990 can be 30 thousand metric tonnes.


Consumers in Europe especially demanding measures 45/65. The so called "toes" within the bulb have to be of a big measure. Garlic can be stored during 4 till 6 month, but the commodity is suspect to mould especially when humidity during cropping is high, consequently losses about 40 à 50% are possible.

Garlic is often supplied as bunches, also single in boxes of 10 kilogram appears. Garlic comes under the EC-regulations.

1,425 1,362 5,619 3,264 2,696

1,747 1,391 7,668 3,771

16,000

+ 23 + 2 + 36 + 16 + 26

12

2 . 3 Ginger


Fresh ginger is the thick whimsical shaped root of the ginger plant. Ginger is growing in swamps in tropical areas. Already in antiquity ginger is used in India as a spice. It contains etheric oils and resin. The Chinese, South Americans and Africans are cultivating ginger too.

Besides fresh ginger the product is available as preserved fruits, on heavy sirop, dried and as ground ginger.


In view of the fact that ginger is growing in the tropics we can not expect any European production. The imports are reported in the following table.

Table 2.9 Imports of ginger* into five EC-countries (x metric tonnes)

Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Netherlands* BLEU Fed. Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France

505 61

867 2,734

314

449 62

849 2,946

428

579 72

907 4,076

536

860 77

929 3,652

478

608 98

1,146 3,567

569

Source: Eurostat

*) Included ground ginger.

The increase of imports is fast in BLEU and France. A moderate growth was seen in the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany. In United Kingdom imports are the last years decreasing after a fast increase up to 1982.

Main exporters are Brasil (mainly importing in August), the peoples republic of China, Costa Rica, Fidzji-islands, India, Nicaragua (January/ February), Indonesia etc. After that there exists a lot of reexportation from United Kingdom, BLEU and the Netherlands.

In statistics there is not any differentiation between fresh and ground ginger. For example India supplies almost any fresh ginger at all.


Only from one country we have figures about the division of supply by month (the Nederlands).

Table 2.10 Distribution of ginger imports by month in % (average 1983/1984)

Country

Netherlands

Jan.

4

Feb.

4

Mrc.

6

Apr.

12

May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

11 8 4 6 18 12 10 5

Source: PGF.

13

608 98

1,146 3,567

569

1,011 130

1,375 6,194

833

+ 66 + 33 + 20 + 74 + 46

There is a concentration in imports in the Netherlands during the months April/May and September/November. Supposing the same division of imports in the other European countries, we can say that there are good opportunities for Colombia exporting ginger in spring being their main supply period.

2.3.4 Prognosis for ginger imports into the West European countries for 1990

In the next table we have summarized the results of the estimation of future imports into West Europe for 1990.

Table 2.11 Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984 (x metric tonnes), ginger


Netherlands Q = f (P,T) BLEU Q = f (T ) Fed.Rep.of Germ. Q = f (T ) United Kingdom Q - f (P,T) France Q = f (T )

Total 5,988 9,543 + 59


The market for ginger will nearly increase to ten thousand metric tonnes, this means a growth from 1984 on of 59%. This increase comes into being by a strong rise of imports in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. A more moderate development is found in the other countries under research.


Ginger has to be fitted as sound as possible. The bigger the roots are the better it is. Ginger with a surface of the palm of a hand meets the best market opportunities. Wet conditions during packing originate many times mould. Ginger is packed in cartons or wooden crates. The commodity is loosing weight during transportation for this reason 20 kilogram has to be packed to get on point of destination the obliged 18 kilogram.

Transportation is done by ship. It takes 21 days from Brasilia, from Nicaragua 19 till 20 days to Europe.

Purchages on wholesale level amounting around 1 à 1.30 US dollar. On the EC-markets there do not exist customs duties. The VAT-tariff in the Netherlands is high consequent ginger is seen as a spice and not as a vegetable. The not-neccessities of live amounts the high tariff (19%).

14

2 .4 Lychee


The lychee counts as one of the best fruits in taste. The fruits are growing in bunches at the end of the twigs. The shrubs can reach a heigth of 17 feet. From origine descended from China the lychees were still cultivated there. The taste is sweet and spicy. Besides lychee fruits are sold also in tins.

2.4.2 Productions and imports

Lychee is a tropical crop, by these means there is not any production in Europe. The market for lychee is very tender, especially for the fresh product, that results in a lack of statiscal data. Figures about imports are only available for the Netherlands.

Table 2.12 Imports of lychees into the Netherlands (x metric tonnes)

Country 1981 1982 1983 1984

Netherlands 106 133 108 127

Source: PGF.

Imports in the Netherlands are increasing fast. It seems the developments pass shockwise. Imports are coming from Madagascar, Taiwan, Israel, South Africa, Mauretania, China and the United States.

2.4.3 Consumption pattern

In table 2.13 we will give the division of lychee imports in the Netherlands by month.

Table 2.13 Distribution of lychee by month in % (average 1981/1984)

Country Jan. Feb. Mrc. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec

Netherlands 25 11 7 3 1 3 1 1 - - U 37

Source: PGF.

Biggest imports are quoted in the period November till March. Colombia thus have to supply at the same time as Madagascar and South Africa the biggist importers in that part of the year. In summer Israel is importing on the Dutch market.

15

2.4.4 Prognosis for lychee imports into the Netherlands for 1990

The market for imported lychees will increase with 45% untill 1990.

Table 2.14 Estimation of the import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984 (x metric tonnes) lychee


Netherlands Q = f (T) 127 184 + 45

To determine market developments in the rest of Europe, we have supposed the same percentage will be valid for all the countries in Europe under investigation.


For lychee there is hardly any regulation. Fruits have to harvested in a ripe stage because there is no maturing after picking. A ripe fruit has a rose red colour. The skin is scaled. After a few days the skin becomes brown coloured. The fruit can be stored until 6 weeks. With a high relative humidity (90%). Storage duration is strongly dependent from the country of origine. Low temperature deterioration is appearing sometimes. Optimum storage temperature is 2-6 centidegrees.

Transportation is done by plane. The sales price must therefore be high. At the moment lychee doing 1.30 US-dollar per kilogram.

2.5 Strawberry


Mainly strawberries originates from the temperated regions of the Nothern hemisphere. It are herbacious per perennials, they are cultivated during one and sometimes two years. Nowadays besides cultivation in the open air strawberries are also grown under glass to cause an acceleration in harvest. Also long bearing crops came into development.

Consumption in the Netherlands amounts circa one kilogram per head.


In all the countries in Europe there is a big production of strawberries. These production is increasing too in all the countries under investigation (table 2.15).

Table 2.15 Production of strawberries in five EC-countries and Switzerland (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands BLEU Fed. Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France Switzerland

1980

24,200 23,500 34,900 53,000 82,000

3,600

1981

17,900 20,800 36,200 52,000 79,000 3,000

1982

19,600 24,000 40,200 56,000 89,000

4,100

1983

26,100 24,100 42,800 58,000 84,000 4,200

1984

26,000 25,400 45,700 59,000 90,000 4,300

Source: PGF.

16

Strongest development of production is seen in the Federal Republic of Germany (+ 6% per annum). A more moderate growth arises in the Netherlands and Belgium. France is the biggest producer in Europe, Switzerland on the other hand the smallest. The market is oversupplied in the parkJ'greater*of the season.

The cultivation under glass meets a increasingly competition of imports from the Mediterrenean countries, the open air crops from the Eastblock countries.

Table 2.16 Imports of strawberries into five EC-countries, Sweden and Switzerland (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands BLEU Fed. Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France Sweden Switzerland

1980

6,897 5,339

81,371 6,876

11,646 2,154

12,960

1981

5,605 5,089

58,800 7,812

11,405 1,008

10,562

1982

6,218 5,005

63,701 7,434

12,572 809

10,316

1983

7,872 6,638

67,275 8,994

16,116 785

11,560

1984

8,772 6,180

78,595 10,175 19,012

1,027 12,248

Source: Eurostat/PGF.

The Federal Republic of Germany as an industrial country imports a lot of horticultural commodities. So they are doing with strawberries. Their imports of strawberries are bigger than that of all the other countries together.


The described competition occurs expecially in the period March till September. In the other months supply is moderate.

Table 2.17 Distribution of strawberry imports and production by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Imports Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep.of G. United Kingdom Swede'n (84) Home production Netherlands

Jan.

0 1 0 1 0

+ 0

Feb.

1 1 1 2 1

0

Mrc.

2 3 2 4 2

0

Apr.

8 6

12 13 14

3

May

26 30 43 38 34

9

Jun.

32 35 32 33 47

46

Jul.

24 21 8 3 0

30

Aug.

4 2 1 2 0

9

Sep.

1 1 0 1 1

2

Oct.

0 0 1 1 1

1

No v. Dec.

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

0 0

Source: PGF.

+ There is an underglass production in the Netherlands. This means that in April 100%, in May 97% and in June 7% of the supply comes from under-glass. This type op production is mostly unknown in other European countries.

In the period September till February an enlargement of imports is possible. Consumption habits of the Europeans and climate prevents a strong development of the market In this period. It remains a reasonable early market.

17

2.5.4 Prognosis for strawberry imports into West European countries for 1990

The developments untill 1990 for imports of strawberries are for the greater part of the countries moderate. Except for the Netherlands, BLEU and Sweden, in this countries the imports are increasing fast.

Table 2.18 Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984 (x metric tonnes) strawberries


Netherlands BLEU Fed.Rep.of Germ. United Kingdom France Sweden Switzerland

Total

Q - f (T) " *•

Q - f (P) Q = f (T)

"

"

8,772 6,180

78,595 10,175 19,012 1,027

12,248

136,009

12,500 8,500

82,000 11,996 23,000

1,800 12,500

152,296

+ 42 + 38 + 4 + 18 + 21 + 75 + 2

+ 12

*) In UK the prognosis for 1990 is made under supposition of 10% lower price in comparison with 1984.

Total imports in the countries under investigation can increase with 2% per annum untill 1990. This moderate growth have to be looked at it in the ligtjh of entering the strong fluctuations.


Fresh strawberries are vulnerable, they have to be picked with stem and chalice. Mould develops very quick in wet weather conditions during picking. Tenablenness can be halved in that case. Storage under cool and dry conditions is very important. Storage during 3 - 5 days temperature have to be 0 - 1 centigrade, during 1 - 2 days, 2 - 5 centigrades.

Small package is done with trays of carton, paperpulp, synthetics or aluminium laminate containing 150, 200 and 500 grammes. (A crate contains eight till fifteen trays). Also pallets are usable.

Imports coming from other continents are transported by plane.

2.6 Sugar pea

2.6.1 General information descended

Sugar peas are the unmatured fruits of Pisum sativum. In statistics they are not distinguished from the ripe fruits "called sweet peas". Peas in general have their homeland in the temperated zones as well as in the subtropics.

The Dutch are using the last years 20 till 30 grammes per head per year from commercial cultivation. On the other side sugar pea cropping take place in allotment gardening because they do not have to pay the labour with a culture with osiers and handwork harvesting. Output of this type of cropping is unknown.

18


Productions in Western Europe in the last decennaries are decreasing because the culture is very labour intensive the supply will be for that reason unpayable.

Only from the Netherlands pure statistical data about sugar pea production are known. In all other countries data are joined with figures from sweet peas (see also difference between figures in annex I for the Netherlands and this table).

Table 2.19 Production of sugar peas in the Netherlands

Country 1980 1981 1982

Netherlands 438 407 472

1983

426

1984

415

Source: PGF.

Consequently decreasing productions and the same demand imports have to increase.

Table 2.20 Imports of sugar peas (included sweet peas) into five EC-countries (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands BLEU Fed. Rep. of Germany United Kingdom France

1980

147 5,626 1,793

509 5,131

1981

348 6,302 1,460

616 4,220

1982

295 10,547

1,673 766

2,644

1983

544 9,133 1,074

774 4,531

1984

-* 15,755

1,449 1,027 4,660

Source: Eurostat/PGF. Sugar peas have a small share of the imports in BLEU, FRG. In the Netherlands imports are only sugar peas.(1984*) notations are not available.

Imports in the Netherlands are mainly coming from Guatemala and Maroc.


As well for production as for imports the main supplying period is May till August. Imports are more spread than production do. Imports from Colombia can take place the whole year except in the above mentioned months.

Table 2.21 Distribution of sugar pea imports and production by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Imports Netherlands production Netherlands

Jan.

9

0

Feb.

7

0

Mrc.

9

0

Apr.

5

0

May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

6 24 9 4 9 6 8 5

12 50 34 4 0 0 0 0

Source: PGF.

19

2.6.4 Prognosis for sugar pea Imports into West European countries for 1990

Starting point is the supposition that developments in imports in the Netherlands may be supposed in the same way for the other countries.

Table 2.22

Country

Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1983* (x metric tonnes) sugar peas

Estimation based upon regression function

Imports 1983*

Prognosis for 1990

% increase 1990 compaired with 1984

+ 25 Netherlands Q - f (T) 544 680

*) In 1984 notations are not available.

The market for sugar peas can increase in the coming five years with 25%, it means a growth of 5% per year in Europe for the imports and more if home production is diminishing in the same way as it was doing the last decades.


Favourite in demand are the flat sugar peas, the so called "razor blades". Sugar peas are fairly vulnerable. Diseases are grey mould, spotting and rot also worms attacks the sugar peas. Sugar peas are packed in perforated polyethene bags or in trays, brought together to 2 kilogram package. The commodity has to be transported and stored under cooling (1-2 centigrades not longer as a week). It means for Colombia transportation by plane. Last year consumers paid 4.70 untill 5.60 US dollar per kilogram.

2.7 Berries other than strawberries


In this chapter only the blue and red bilberries will be treated in detail. Other berry types owing to their short tenability (blackberry) and their resticted utility (cranberry) have not any importance for Colombia. Only some tables without comment are given for these commodities in chapter 2.7.6.


Many data of berries are not available, therefore we are only quoting the figures from bilberry blue table 2.23.

Table 2.23 Production of bilberries* (blue) in the Netherlands (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherlands

1980

100

1981

100

1982

200

1983

200

1984

200

Source: PGF

*) Data of bilberries red are not available.

20

Home production of bilberry blue is increasing a little, in the same way imports are growing even for red bilberry (exception FRG).

Table 2.24 Imports of bilberries (blue and red) in EC-countries and Sweden (x metric tonnes)

Country

Netherl.

BLEU

FRG

UK Sweden

blue red blue red blue red blue blue red

1980

207 101 208 56

792 1,194

--

295

1981

203 192 88

127 572

1,646 --

121

1982

240 296 245 155

1,461 772

--

296

1983

453 213 144 272

1,036 689

--

624

1984

966 259 182 157

2,608 682 79 28 81

Source: PGF (-) = figures not available.

There are big fluctuations in imports from year to year due to influences from productions as well from importing as exporting countries.


In the following table the distribution of bilberries per month in the different countries is given.

Table 2.25 Distribution of bilberry imports by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Netherl.

BLEU

FRG

UK Sweden

blue red blue red blue red blue blue

Jan.

0 7 0 1 1

10 0 0

Feb.

0 0 0 2 1 5 0 0

Mrc.

2 0 0 1 0 2 0 0

Apr.

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

May

0 2 4 0 0 1 0 0

Jun.

8 1 4 1 4 3 1 0

Jul.

52 15 52 1

39 1

69 0

Aug.

23 4

18 4

44 5

29 32

Sep.

6 16 16 33 9

35 1

21

Oct.

8 19 4

28 1

11 0 4

Nov.

0 23 0

20 0

12 0

43

Dec.

1 12 0

19 0

15 0 0

Source: PGF.

The red bilberries are mainly supplied around Christmas and New Year. In FRG distribution is more proportional. It means a limitation for the sales of Colombia.

The blue bilberries have a sales period from June untill October. This fruits are apparently for more purposes usable than for feasts,

2.7.4 Prognosis for bilberry imports into the West European countries for 1990

The imports for blueberries are growing fastest in the Netherlands (6% per annum). The smallest increase is found in BLEU (1% per annum).

For red bilberries growth is strongest in BLEU and a decrease is established In Sweden.

21

Table 2.26 Summary of the estimated import developments for 1990 and the realized imports in 1984 (x metric tonnes) bilberries

Country

Netherl.

BLEU

FRG

Sweden

blue red blue red blue red red

Estimation based upon regression function

Q - f (P ) Q - f (T ) Q - f (T ) Q - f (T ) Q = f (T ) Q = f (P,T) Q - f (T )

Imports 1984

2

(83)

966 259 182 157

,708 682 624

Prognosis for 1990*

1,256 350 190 250

3,000 700 408

% increase 1990 compaired with 1984

+ 30 + 35 + 4 + 59 + 11 + 3 - 35



Bilberries are attacked by grey mould, berry blight and mildew. Bilberries are vulnerable, therefore transports have to be short, in case of Colombia it means transports by plane. Precooling is usable, the product is no suitable for vacuum cooling. Temperatures holding for transportation of one day is 0-15 centigrades, 1 till 3 days 0-5 centigrades and for more than three days 0-2 centigrades. Storage is possible untill 2 weeks. Package is done in crates from 2.8 till 3 kg. Small packages in trays of 250 to 500 grammes. Pallets are usable.

2.7.6 Figures about black and cranberries

Table 2.27 Production of blackberries in EC-countries (x metric tonnes)

Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Netherlands BLEU FRG

200 100 800

100 100 500

100 100 600

100 100 800

100 100 600

Source: PGF.

Table 2.28

Country

Imports of black/berries in EC-countries (x metric tonnes)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Netherlands BLEU FRG

1,348 301

3,912

1,869 184

4,752

1,513 189

4,878

1,896 264

6,918

1,944 34

5,318

Source: PGF.

22

Table 2.29 Distribution of blackberry imports by month in % (average 1980/1984)

Country

Imports Netherlands BLEU FRG production Netherlands

Jan.

0 0 5

0

Feb.

0 0 0

0

Mrc.

1 1 0

0

Apr.

0 0 0

0

May

0 0 0

0

Jun.

3 3 5

1

Jul.

68 69 72

27

Aug.

26 20 15

72

Sep.

2 1 2

0

Oct.

1 4 0

0

Nov. Dec.

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0

Source: PGF.

Table 2.30 Imports of cranberries into EC-countries (x metric tonnes)

Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Netherlands BLEU FRG UK Sweden

40 95 60 126 321 157 93 -

165 342 186 171 84

Source: PGF (-) = notations are missing.

Table 2.31 Distribution of cranberries imports by month in % (average 1980/1984) other countries 83/84

Country

Netherlands BLEU FRG UK Sweden

Jan.

0 2 2 0 0

Feb.

0

2 0 0

Mrc.

0

3 0 0

Apr.

0

1 0 0

May

0

9 0 0

Jun.

0 1 2 0 0

Jul.

0 3 3 0 0

Aug.

0 0

22 0 0

Sep.

1 2

14 0

98

Oct.

27 42 6

24 2

Nov.

30 23 26 43 0

Dec.

43 29 11 33 0

Source: PGF.

2.8 Harricots verts

Since we do not expect any positive reaction for Colombia and «ore over statistical availability is poor consequently the statistical data are coincide with those of french beans, we did not pay attention to this commodity.

23

3. POTENTIAL MARKET SHARES: IN 1990 FOR COMMODITIES OF COLOMBIAN ORIGINE

3.1 Introduction

Future market shares are hard to predict. Especially because, at this moment, Colombia is not present in the market and therefore the appreciation of the Colombian product is not known.

Future market shares are targets in a complete marketing plan and are dependent of marketing efforts and -policy.

The predicted market shares in this report therefore are presented under following restrictions: a. the quality of the Colombian product is comparable to competitive

products, especially in the view of importers and consumers; b. the price level is comparable; c. marketing efforts are comparable.

The estimations are made as followed. First the total increase of the market for a specific product in West Europe is taken into consideration. Next the increase in the market is estimated during the months that Colombia will have a chance to penetrate into this market. This increase Is considered as to be the maximum sales volume to be reached by Colombia under the conditions mentioned previously. To Improve the figures the performance of other Latin American countries on the specific markets (during the last 5 years) is examined also. Finally the sensibility of market shares is investigated for the price levels which have been formed for the past 5 years, to indicate whether stringent price policies can help to Increase the market shares.

24

3.2 Description of the commodities from the second research

3.2.1 Melons

Spain, France and Italy have a dominant position in West Europe. The market shows a strong tendancy upwards - 33% being appr. 100.000 tonnes. Because there are a number of varieties, only for Honeydew an increase of 25.000 tonnes can be exported. For Colombia there are possibilities during 6 months of the year; in this seasons an export output of 12.000 tonnes must be possible.

With view on the developments of the market shares of the competitors in this season (Brasil, S. Africa, Senegal) a market share of Colombia in the order of 1% in 1990 can be regarded as a realistic target. Based on the increase of the market shares of Brasil and Senegal, for Colombia in 1990 a share of 4.000 tonnes (0,9% of total year imports in W. Europe) can be reached.

The market share seems to be very susceptible for price-competition.

3.2.2 Garlic

The European market is strongly dominated by France; this applies also to the transit of this commodity from central and South America. This market shows a rather strong increase; 25% being appr. 6.000 tonnes. For Colombia there are possibilities during + 5 months of the year. In this period the maximum imports in West Europe can increase with + 1.000 tonnes. With view on the developments of the market shares of big competitors in this period (Argentina and Mexico) for a new comer like Colombia a market share of + 1,5% in 1990 possibly can be reached. However, seen the strong price competition for Colombia a more modest share of 1,2% (= 375 tonnes) is estimated. On the other hand, the market share can be increased considerably by sharpprice fixations.

3.2.3 Ginger

Ginger is a commodity that is produced only in countries belonging to the southern hemisphere. This means that these countries will not have any advantage to Colombia with regard of costs of transportation. Total West-European market for ginger will show an increase with appr. 3.000 tonnes in 1990 (almost 60%). For Colombia the most promising period will be from December - April. During these four months the total increase is estimated as 1.000 tonnes.

The market share for Colombia must be regarded as to be promising, with view on the developments of the market share of countries like Brasil and Costa Rica during last 5 years. It is to be expected that the half of the increase in the period December - April can be realized by Colombia, being 500 tonnes or a market share of 5%. By price competition it çeems to be po'ssible to achieve a still bigger share, also by offering ginger outside the mentioned season.

3.2.4 Lychee

Very little is known about imports of lychees in West Europe, only some figures are available from the Netherlands. In the Netherlands this commodity is imported from South Africa and from Madagascar. Based on dutch data it is to be expected that total European market for lychees will increase rapidly, being with 45% till 1990 (=• 600 tonnes).

The relative position as competitor must be for Colombia comparable with the mentioned southern African countries, and so the prospects for obtaining a pretty good market share must be present. A share of 3% in

25

1990 (= 55 tonnes) must be possible, based on the present pattern of competion. When Colombia succeeds in achieving a price competition and other marketing efforts (the commodity is practically unknown) a doubling of the market share is not beyond possibilities.

3.2.5 Strawberry

There is a big home-production of strawberries in most European countries. The market share of not European producer in total supply in strongly influenced by the size of European production (which is mainly governed by weather conditions).

Assuming strict conditions with regard to quality a very modest market share for Colombia possibly can be achieved, in the order of 0,1%, or appr. 150 tonnes. However, with view on the developments of production, a.o. in the USA, a fixed market share for strawberries can not be expected.

3.2.6 Sugar peas

For sugar peas there are good possibilities for Columbia on the European market, with exception of the months may till August.

The increase of the European market to 1990 will amount to appr. 1.700 tonnes, but will take place mostly during this period. Outside this period further development of the market still has to be done. With view on the high prices for "home grown sugar peas, also during the season" the possibilities for a new comer like Colombia must be obvious. Brasil and Peru have developed exports of this commodity during last 5 years. Based on this output an export volume for Colombia to West Europe of 65 tonnes in 1990 can be easily realized (market share 1%). On a longer term there are still more possibilities, p.e. by an "influenced" expanding of the consumption period.

3.2.7 Berries

The market for all kinds of berries seems to be very much dominated by European home production. Outside the European season there are not many trade activities with these commodities. As a consequence the estimated increase to 1990 ( 1.200 tonnes = 15%) is to be expected greatly within the European season.

From the southern hemisphere Brasil is the main exporter, having however a export volume and a market share which are very modest compared to East European countries.

Colombia, as a consequence, can achieve only a minor market share of about 0,3% in 1990, being 25 tonnes. In the long run however possibilities can be more promising when a qualitative good and fresh supply from Colombia can be assured.

26

3.3 Description of promising commodities from the first research

3.3.1 Asparagus

On West European markets the sales of asparagus in the period October - February can increase with 54%, or with 540 tonnes. In this period only other countries from the American continent supply the European market (Mexico, Brasil and Chile). These countries are in the same competition as Colombia with regard to distance. Based on this consideration, a good chance for Colombia can be expected.

The estimation for 1990 amounts to a market share of 0,5%, being 200 tonnes. However, a further market development, with as target broadening the consumption season for asparagus, seems to be promising, with view on the high pices which exist already in the European season of production.

3.3.2 Mango

For mango the European market can increase 20% till 1990, being appr. 2.000 tonnes. Most likely some South African countries will benefit most of this development, because of their strong position on this market. However, in the period July - September there are possibilities for Latin-America, which up to now are utilized by Peru and Brasil (a.o.). With regard to distance to the European market Colombia is not disfavoured compared to Brasil and Peru. Therefore it must be possible for Colombia to build up a market share, which can reach to 1,3% in 1990, being 150 tonnes. Also here can be stated that this share can be bigger when competition with Brasil and Peru can be realized based on weapons like price and quality.

3.3.3 Guave

The market for guave is expanding, but still always very small. For Colombia there are good possibilities to obtain a part of this increasing market. A market share of 2% (85 tonnes) looks to be possible, also in comparison with p.e. Brasil. A support by direct marketing efforts can lead to a bigger market share. However, still more important is the achievement of "an own face" for Colombia with regard to guave. Increasing the exports will make possible that this commodity will not be packed and shipped in cartons together with other fruits.

i.3.4 Papaya

For papaya the market can increase with 70% (= 1.200 tonnes) to 1990. Brasil is a strong supplier on this market. So for Colombia a market share can be build up, because competition with regard to transport to Europe, is in the same order. For Colombia a market share of 3.3%, being 100 tonnes, -appears to be on cautious estimation. But far more will be achieved when with Brasil competition can be possible in the field of price and quality. However, marketing efforts to give this commodity more name in West Europe, and thus increasing the market as a whole, will be more promising.

à.3.5 Passion fruit

The market for passion fruit is very poor developed. The increase till 1990 is fairly good (30%) but has few real importance in volumes (400 tonnes).

Also for their commodity Colombia can reach to a passable market share (2,2%), but for more will be possible when Colombia can develop a specific market strategy (see papaya and guave).

27

IMPORT PRICE LEVELS OF THE COMMODITIES UNDER RESEARCH AND THE PROGNOSIS OF PRICES FOR 1990

4.1 General information

In this chapter attention is drawn to import prices (per commodity per country) with view to the analysis of financial feasibility.

Prices per month only appeared to be available for the countries of EC; for same products however, there are no notations (see for this annexe III). Price data on year basis are available on wider scale, and also per country of origin (annexe I), i.e. when the imports exceed 2,5% of total import.

The mentioned Import prices are on CIF base. However, they are noted excluding levies, VAT, a.s.o. More over the prices are given in nominal values, as US-dollars per kilogram.

With regard to extrapolations the prices are not changed in real ones, because HVA wanted prices to be given in US-dollars. Transferring real national currencies to US-dollars should give a undersized picture of price developments taken in to consideration the enormous increase of the value of the US-dollar during last year. Therefore we have accepted the differences between inflation and currency adaption; in most countries however the rise of the dollar value has been stronger than the inflation.

4.2 The prices of the different commodities overlooked

In the form of tables an overview will be presented of the prices realised, and of the prognosis of prices in 1990. (It is also possible by means of interpolation to estimate the prices in the years between 1984 and 1990).

The prognosis is based on a regression analysis, in which the price has been regarded dependent from time only. The choice for this approach is based on the fact that prices have been used already in estimating the quantities for importation. Application of prices as dependent variable, and as variable to be explained, within a market system, should mean a violation of economic rules.

28

Table 4.1 Realized prices per year of import products under investigation in West European countries from 1980 - 1984, and the prognosis for 1990 (US-dollar per kilogram)

Commodity/country of destination

Melon The Netherlands BLEU FDR UK France Sweden Switzerland Garlic The Netherlands BLEU FRG UK France Ginger The Netherlands BLEU FRG UK France Lychee The Netherlands Strawberry The Netherlands BLEU FRG UK France Sweden Switzerland Sugar pea The Netherlands Bilberry bleu The Netherlands BLEU FRG Bilberry red The Netherlands BLEU FRG •• Sweden Cranberry The Netherlands Blaeberry The Netherlands BLEU FRG

1980

0.53 0.77 0.44 0.81 0.37 0.79 1.11

1.79 1.57 1.96 1.78 1.30

1.16 1.02 1.42 1.17 1.30

2.66

1.50 2.34 1.89 2.80 2.26 2.18 2.28

1.64

1.88 2.10 2.46

1.54 3.00 3.00 3.20

1.72

1.05 0.90 0.76

1981

0.44 0.63 0.36 0.65 0.29 0.59 0.90

2.17 2.21 2.15 2.11 1.75

1.17 1.17 1.05 1.25 1.26

2.37

1.39 1.98 1.61 2.20 1.94 2.14 2.20

1.22

1.58 2.00 2.26

2.21 2.90 2.50 2.20

1.74

0.92 1.00 0.94

1982

0.43 0.57 0.33 0.63 0.35 0.64 0.88

2.24 2.49 2.25 1.92 1.81

1.12 1.06 1.02 1.14 1.38

2.39

1.26 1.65 1.76 2.40 2.40 1.97 2.14

0.54

1.81 1.60 2.00

2.39 3.10 3.55 4.20

2.16

0.68 0.80 0.65

1983

0.40 0.55 0.32 0.54 0.33 0.54 0.86

1.29 1.51 1.54 1.15 1.11

0.99 1.28 1.34 1.17 1.25

2.21

0.97 1.35 1.52 2.03 1.90 1.84 1.84

0.74

1.26 1.50 1.72

1.16 2.30 2.80 2.55

1.72

0.56 0.50 0.56

1984

0.36 0.51 0.29 0.45 0.28 0.47 0.79

0.93 1.05 1.01 0.81 0.67

1.45 1.92 1.24 1.49 1.74

1.93

0.78 1.27 1.38 1.76 1.54 1.82 1.76

1.18

0.98 1.40 1.19

1.46 1.90 2.25 2.20

1.90

0.44 0.80 0.46

1990

0.35 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.65

0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60

1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20

1.50

0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 1.10 0.90

0.80 ' 0.60 0.60 0.60

0.80 0.90 1.00 0.90

1.20

0.33 0.30 0.30

29

IMPORT REGULATIONS AND CUSTOMSDUTIES

This chapter contains the import regulations and customsduties of the seven countries under research. The general government measures with respect to imports of commodities were treated in the first research, hence it will not repeated here. (See annexe III in the first report).

5.1 Import regulations in the EC

Table 5.1 Costomsduties in the EC, ruling per July, 17th 1985

Commodity Period % duty on price

Preference* Comments

Melon Garlic Ginger Lychee Strawberry

" Sugar pea

•' Harricots verts

" Bilberry red/blue Black-/cranberry

year year year year

1/5 -31/7 1/8 -30/4 1/9 -31/5 1/6 -31/8 1/10-30/6 1/7 -30/9

year year

11 12 6

11 16 14 10 17 13 17 6

11

no no 0

no no no no no no no no no

duty at least f 7.56 per 100 kg netto

duty at least f 5.04 per 100 kg netto

Source: EVD ( = Economics Extension Service).

*) A preferential tariff exists for developing countries, among which belongs also Colombia. This preference holds alone if is applied for an EUR-1 certificate.

VAT has to be paid on the border of the E C We want to inform the reader about the levels of VAT-tariffs in different countries of the E C The Netherlands 5%

BLEU 6% Federal Republic of Germany 7% United Kingdom 0% France 5.5%

30

5.2 Import regulations in Sweden

Table 5.2 Customsduties in Sweden

"ommodity Period % duty on price

Comments

Melon Garlic Ginger Lychee Strawberry

" Sugar pea

•• M

Harricots verts "

Blackberry "

Cran-/bilbe irry

year year year year

1/9 - 7/6 8/6 -31/8 1/3 -31/12 1/2 -29/2 1/3 -31/12 1/1 -29/2 1/6 -31/8 1/9 -31/5

year

0 0 0 0 0

14 5 0 7 0

11 0 0

A A A A

- B

Source: EVD A = A certificate of origine is required in connection with tariff reduc

tions granted to developing countries. B = A health certificate is required.

In Sweden the phytosanitary inspection is afford by a specific levy, paying by the importers, this levy differs from product to product but amounts for the above mentioned imported commodities 1 Skr. per 100 kg. For strawberries, lychee, melons and berries the levy has to be 70 Skr. minimal per imported quantity.

5.3 Import regulations in Switzerland

Table 5.3 Customsduties in Switzerland

Commodity

Melon Garlic Gringer Lychee Sugar pea

" " Harricots verts

" '* Berries

Import licence obliged*

no no no no yes yes yes yes yes

3-stage system**

no no no no yes yes yes yes yes

Cus itomsduty SF/100 kg bruto

7. 0 0 0

10 0

10 0 3

50

(1/4 -31/10) (1/11-31/3 ) (1/4 -31/10) (1/11-31/3 )

Source: EVD.

**'

If an Import licence Is obliged it is applying to: Abteilung flir Ein- und Ausfuhr, Ziegelstrasse 30, 3003 Bern, tel. 031 - 612.361. The three-stage systeem. The meaning is mentioned in the first report on page 50.

All commodities mentioned in table 4.1 are free from purchage taxes. On the other side there exist a statistical duty, nevertheless it amounts a small fraction of total imported value.

31

6. CONCLUSIONS

In this chapter the results are presented of the analysis carried out in behalf of the feasibility study.

In the first place it concerns a prognosis of the import price of the commodities under research in 1990.

Secondly, it concerns the results of the analysis of the import quantities of these commodities in 1990, which can be realized in 7 West European countries (the Netherlands, BLEU, Germany F.R., United Kingdom, France, Switzerland and Sweden).

Next also the market shares which can be obtained by Colombia in 1990 for these commodities are presented, in absolute and relative terms.

In the concluding table figures are also given for the products which have been analysed in the first research, in so far they appeared to be more or less promising for Colombia.

Table 6.1 Summarized results of the prognosis of price, (US dollar/kg) import quantities (metric tonnes) in seven European countries and possible market shares for Colombia (in metric tonnes and %) in 1990 for the commodities under research

Commodities

Melon (spring) Garlic Ginger Lychee Strawberry Sugar pea Bilberry blue

Asparagus Mango Guave Papaya Passion fruit Fig

Pr realized 1984

0.80 1.15 1.50 2.20 1.10 2.18 1.40

2.60 2.00 1.60 1.70 2.40 1.40

ices prognosis 1990

0.70 0.60 1.50 1.50 0.70 0.80 0.60

2.00 1.30 1.40 1.30 1.80 1.20

Quantitii realized 1984

308,452 24,366

6,188 1,270**

136,000 4,800** 8,100

26,000 9,600 3,400 1,800 1,400

30,000

ÏS imported prognosis 1990

409,589 30,577 9,840 1,840

152,300 6,500 9,300

38,400 11,500 4,250 3,000 1,800

45,000

% change

+33 +25 +59 +45 +12 +25 +15

+48 +20 +50 +69 +30 +50

Market share Colombia in %

0.9*** 1.2* 5.0 3.0 o.i*** 1.0* 0.3***

0.5 1.3 2.0 3.3 2.2 0.7

1990 metric

4 ,000 375 500

55 150

65 25

200 150 85

100 40

300

*) Under influence of price competition market shares can enlarge more. **) Estimation is made on basis of Dutch data only.

***) Market shares only possible under condition of excellent quality and relatively low prices.

Melon

Production of melons in Europe is expanding. Due to climatic and weather circumstances there are big fluctuations in supply. Imports of melons show a bigger increase than domestic productions. The biggest supply is to be found during the months May up to and including October. Spain is the main exporter. When Spain is not in the market (period

32

January up to and including April) there are possibilities for Colombia. A market share of 0,9% can be obtained at a price of 0.70 US dollar, under condition of excellent product quality. Honeydew melons are most promising because of the smaller susceptibility for damage during transport. The taste however, is inferior compared to Cantalopes. This variety is very susceptible for transport damage.

The biggest increases in imports can be expected in the Netherlands, BLEU, U.K. and France. Strong price competition from other supplies can be faced.

During transport cooling is indispensable. In general melons then have minor troubles with diseases, but low-temperature decay and fungal diseases can occur.

Garlic

Production data are only available from France, where total supply is expanding. Imports however are expanding too; per year imports are growing by 6%. The increase in demand is partly caused by changing consumption habits, but for the rest by new consumers, coming from abroad. Imports are mainly coming from neighbouring countries, along the Mediterranean Sea, and from East-block states.

Lowest import pressure exists in the period Januari up to and including April, and during these months Colombia can enter in the market. At a price of 0.60 US dollar a market share of 1.2% can be obtained, with main customers the Netherlands, Germany F.R. and France.

Garlic can be kept for long periods (4-6 months). This implies that prospects for Colombia are more modest than can be assumed on spread of supplies. The grades 45/65 are most in demand.

Ginger

Ginger is not produced in Europe; imports are increasing rapidly. The spread in imports shows relative small quantities in the period December -February, and Colombia can make use of this gap in the market. When Colombia can supply for a price of US dollar 1.20 a market share of 5% (being 500 metric tonnes) can be obtained. Biggist demand is for ginger of hand size. This commodity gives no serious probleem in transport; the only disadvantage is a quick loss in weight.

Lychee

Lychee is for 100% a tropical commodity of which the market in. Europe is completely underdeveloped. Only for the Netherlands import data are available, and they show a sharp increase. When these figures are regarded as to be representative for all other European countries, in 1990 a market share of 3% (being 55 metric tonnes) can be realised.

The spread of imports over the year shows a picture that is unfavourable for Colombia. Biggist imports are in the period November up to and including March, with S. Africa and Madagascar as relative big suppliers. During summer also Israel is in the market. The fruit do not show further ripening after harvest. During transport low-temperature decay can occur.

As a whole this commodity asks strong support via market development.

Strawberry

In all European countries there is a big domestic production of strawberries, and this production is still in expansion, the strongest in Switzerland and Germany F.R.

33

Possibilities for strawberries from Colombia are very limited, because there are very good alternatives from nearly. In early season from Mediterranean countries and in mid-season from East-block states. Only in the period October - November Colombia can possibly penetrate into the European market. At a price of 0.70 US dollar in 1990 a market share of 0,1% (150 metric tonnes) will be possible. Transportation has to be done by aircraft, and these extra costs will compensate lower costs of labour in Colombia. Strawberries are very susceptible to transport damage and to fungal diseases.

Sugar pea

Domestic production of sugar peas in Europe has declined sharply because of high labour costs. So there are good possibilities for imports, which are coming in already.

Reliable figures are only available from Dutch imports, and these show a strong increase. Imports are mainly coming from Guatemala and Marocco.

Possiblities for Colombia to enter into this market look promising, with exception of the months May up to and including August.

When Colombia appears to be able to offer at a price of 0.80 US dollar a market share of 1% can be obtained in 1990 (65 metric tonnes). This estimation is "conservative". The market share can be improved by price competition.

Transports of sweet peas has to be carried out in cooled conditions by aircraft, with packing in perforated polyethene bags (or little boxes). Demand is strongest for thin sugar peas (razor blades).

Bilberry blue

Based on Dutch data, an increasing domestic production can be ascertained. Imports are growing too, however with big fluctuations. The Netherlands show the strongest increase in imports.

Blueberries can be sold over a long period; demand is not restricted to holy days in winter (Christmas) like for cranberry of bilberry red. In spring there appears to be a gap In the market, which offers possibilities for Colombia. A market share of 0.3% (25 metric tonnes) can be obtained if can be supplied at a price of US dollar 0.60. But also here a bigger share is possible by price competition.

Bilberries blue are rather susceptible for transport damage. Time of transport has to be short, so transport by air is indispensable.

34

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

RESEARCH INSTITUTE LEI HOLLAND

Internal Report 314

Ir. E.H.J.M. de Kleijn

Drs. A.F. van Gaasbeek

Feasibility of Columbian exports of vegetables and fruits to the Western European market

ANNEXES

September 1985

NOT FOR PUBLICATION - REPRINT PROHIBITED

Imports, quantities and prices per country of origine

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INVOERHOEVEELHEDEN I N TONNEIN.

L Y C H E E N E D E R L A N D

HERK0-1ST/JAAR

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LYCHEE NEDERLAND

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REP ZD AFRIKA + I MADAGASCAR CHINA GEHELE WERELD TOTAAL NIET EG TOTAAL EG

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•> C-i 03 03 - o ri s> s » i s s j- r s s o 'S, > ri s f -T « r i XÎ Cl rt j l fO • a s i = : i s ri o s o s i s . ^s s s i ; s ri CNf r-4 -.-i

1 r-4

ri i

•s a so os sr j-j so sr so N rs un "s sr -r* a s-o c*-j so ."s r*3 >o rs o-s-o i-t ri c- r-j .s. ça r-i sj- j-j r-j

"•4 ri M N H r t H H H r l

r s « ^3 s f s s » \ r - j r-j > - * • - • : : s r i 3 -.-~ "3 SI -C ?-J sC —i *î s . - o '• • c ; r«3 r-4 f-J U" » 3 ri C-J -^ <,- :•; O-J 1

Cil ri ri C-J ri ?-J r-i ri ri ri ri I

-r>

3

c —• i; r-j ri .10 o s.

2 . W Il — i. c - • U C

•T! <_ —' Gj - 01 — ^î

Ol -P • * 'w Ci 5 -• • 3 C ui

o . a c 5 K ^ 2 H O I

ai -t

i o ^3 r-

3

01

s-0 ; s . rH s» *3 r s ri :>. s i ~J r s 0 - i ri C-J SI S i ri ."3 =3 r s > S i S , S> ' ri C-J -ri t-t C-i C-i —' r-i —• -ri :

> c

>

Oi

II Graphs about realized import-quantities and -prices per commodity and the prognosis for 1990

l i*«d «agon ts -and-prognos i s ;-toxJ_ai »fcrie {tonnqsY | |

Zommodityi As f re roc&c

/Conn t r y : |The Kleffer Undfe

home product i on

Reélixejd inpor ts i -and-prûgr ios ls ; for f 930 -r. — I. •x m e t r i c ftonnes) !

home p roduc t ion

•40 .-_L8| . ±82—183 '-84 -'-85 190 -^year

-Real ized - p r i ce s -and -prognosis for A99Û —:..

ITIR Do l l a r s pgrJciLagramne

«por

•x. m e t r i c jtonngs) '

-Re*li*ed -pr ices -and ^prognosis _£or_ia50

-} s fep 11R Dól 1 a r s per Mlagramme ;

^Estimation of t h e impor t

e r i-ee -in -î-9W--îrs -kased -upon

ia t r end e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

TVi Ço\vvrijb\â'o 5up(?lsj

i I _j?e.r^bd.-fcr'c<2•: C Ä " ^

- :- ;~--— : :-•• home p roduc t ion

«pon

Reftli-zed imports-j-and -progliosisifox-1330 mefcric (tonnes) ' •

lump p r o d u c t i o n

t — - ±gQ ^Lgj ±&2 '-83 *«4 '-85 ' 90 y ea r

!

- •

i

i :

j 5 tin

h

! 1 . • ' • • -

• : . - . - • : " . : • 1 ^ > ,

i. . tu

1 n .im. t

'. • i—RBA I

- - - j — fps TVS11»T-K p e r

l i z e d -px«

kilogramn

^ s -and -prognosis for

ne i i i

! i : . 1 i ! i i '.

I I ' ! • • ! i i

•"""T/J A 1"""""i — i-;-i ; 1 - 1

\ 1 i \ • ' i ' ! '

I i ! ' i i~~*. ' !

' ! i i ! ^ :

i

i.

.. .... L L& . !

• i

i

— y — '

-j- \ • - : j^Kd i r~i i ; : i i 'T - ) ^

- i +H--+-i i i i

) *_8il 'S2 -183 '34 1B5 .. .J ! _.J ! i i ! i i

! ; i i • i ! ! ; ;

: : . : 1 : • ; : : i

J9SÛ

!

- • — j - -

1

i

;

i i

i

• -4- -

. . . . . . . .

----

—i — -

- - • . - • . . - - . :

!

...lEstia nation of t h e import

ia t r e nd e j c t r apo la t ion . ! '

.._ "

l

1 i : i

1 i

" L ; .i i :

4 '90 yea r

«pon

u -iReâlûeld -imports, and Puftnljityan meprjc Itonnggl

«pon

' — I — : i : I : — i ' 1 1 — : — [ r -#eali*ejd imports- and -prognosis 4-fox-)LSL90 .;

home product ion

-Real ised -p r ices -and -prognosis .~£àr_1.990 —•

-{Estimation of t h e impor t -

i p f j r e e j , n }990-j-s..based-qpon

-*e|iliz«d -imports-and--prognosisJ for f930 •

jCcmniodityJ Êlân£CL ;

Country: fed. Ref, of Gern,

home production

'-8Q ^8i '-82 -'-83 '-84 '-85 '90 year

-Realized -prices -and -prognosis -£ûr_L9B0 __

jTIR JDoHars_4>ÊX

iEstimation of the import

s - t e e -in IQ90-is -%e*ed - upon

1 • 1 • I

.._ i l i z«d -impork&J-and agnnsxs-!J

c t i o n

«pon

, t 1 1, " home production

' ' ' ' -Real ised - imports and ^prngnns3-S-j£oj_i-990

CQiimKidity;_}fe^£L±.g_^va

hojttß_ptoduc t ion

llome._produç t ion

--—Realized pr ices -and prognosis -±ox J990

^Estimation of the import-

^pifi«e -i-n-4,940 i s ka&ed -upon

a trend extrapolat ion.

I jxTioci ^pçf_jfau be

1 i ! ' i . L !

-import s -and -prognosis..ifor_t39Q _[ tonnas)

I • -Commodity: P a p a y . c

^Country: Fed. E?ep. óf Germ.

* impo r_t s

^ : - : , i . - /.as home p roduc t ion

E s t i é a t i o ï i of impor ts in

4-990 -i-s based -upon o ^ g r e s -

- | —bienfunet l-on-with t he i n d e -

r 1 ! L .

i

1

-1..-J4Q : i

..._i j .

-'-81

__ . ' .

i

i

'-83 -'-84 i ;

'-85 ' -!

.. ..; . . . j _.'_9o

..: .....-.; _. -..

year

. , . - . .

-i—Real i*ed p r i c e s -and -prognosis _£or-JiL90 _

-upon

1 !—:—!—:—;— , . . -Real ized -imports--and p r ogno s i s j f ox J.990

J)ai ftntiity -J jjLjpejtriç j t onné s l

XJßp):.

I-ï=

ïirrrxnrza JcoumiQdityj .„Pagaya.._.._

Country: Un i t ed k iWdcro

J !..._.J •4— A jLmpbrts

J io j te^rojduct ion

s t i à a t i o n of imports in

4-990 - i s -based -upon j ^ eg r e s -

—jsienf unc t ion wi th t h e i n d e -I _ . I jdlependeht v a r i a b l e s ' : 'T rencLj P r i c e [ '

•_g0 -*•*! '-82 *-83 'M '-85 '90 year

làù~ -—Real i z e d -p r i c e s -and -prognosis.ior._L9J9D

X iS. O.iTTS Donaxs_per : JdLLûgramme

•Estimation of ithe impor t -

•pïiree - in -~8-994> is -%ô&ed—«pon

4 ^ 1 i a ^ d -importsj-and-prognosis ,for : r ic itonnés)

_U9D

£_imports

homk production

-öpon

Country; ' The MeH?orla«^ls

.- - :~-•— : :-* = home p roduc t ion

; . .. : .. . .1.. A S 0

! ; i

'81 i#2 ' 33 -'«4 -••85 • -j - - •

• • • - - - • - -

.130 ye. t

„i . __ ; . ;

-Realized -p r iées -and - p rognos i s - fo r 199ß

lEst imation of t h e impor t -!

p r i e « -in-ft^90 -irs based -upon

ia t r end e x t r a p o l a t i o n . j IVi t h e Cp|p»ibi£o bc'pply

ifió—L •

y e t i o n

T-

1 J i

j —

- ' 80 *8!1 ' 82 ' 8 3 '84 i i '• i i

J ! ' '1 ' j : : i ! 1

-1B5

--• - --

i . ..

• - - - - - - • -

i

..-V90 year

:f>iAntlity 'x m e t r i c jtonngs) i irognosiaj-fox-LaS-Q

2<_i£a)_L_ . CpflmiQdity; F i i g s

Country: Switser \-gmd

-J-

7

4 imports

homPL_p roduc t i o n

-+ _i_.

_ t .

_£__. -4---U-P

.Estimation of imports in

-|44>$ô--i6- based upon-xegres-

4 f -jaieafunction -with -the inde-! I I ; _ i < j ;

(dependent ' v a r ï a b l e s :

JLgo J-g} „182 -t83 -'84 *-85 '30 .year

1 i i Real ized p r i c e s -and .p rognosis -£ctr S93Û—_

^Es t ima t i on of t h e i raport-

' p r i ce in~l-$W i s bas-e^-wpon

i I î ! ' • i '

t r i e ItonnesV | •• [ : :| : :j : "l

i2jnmûdi.tyi_-J^j^i„ojrjfryi t

j countrv: ~the HteHifcnlg^dS

: L-homfe _produc t ion

.J....1BÓ - ^ 1 —Lg2 J-83 '-84 '-85 --;- ••-• 1 - —j --'-8(0 . ^ i a r .

-Realized - p r i c e s -and 5Äis.JE«r_iaaD

JTTS Ttollarfi per kilogramme

iEst imat ion of ithe impor t -

p r i c e - in 3 990 ^ s - k a s ed - apon

a t r end e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

-i- ' 80 -'-811 L82 - 1 8 3 -'--8A -185 .190 .year

*6^1iz«d import-si-and _hrogiKisis4luX-jL990 ... '•x roefcric itonnés")

Country: the NplWland 'S

home product i on

J^O -1-81 '-82 '-83 '84 *85 '90 year

L. -J Rea l i sed -pr ices and p rognos i s l o r -1930

JIlSJDóllars-_p£x:Jk.ilo_granime

E s t ima t i on of the impor t

e r i e z -in 499ô-i-s--ba&«d -»pon

à t r end eK t r apo l a t i on .

!££> -lajl..._LS2 .. 183 •'••&* '-85 : ' 90 yea r

i

home p roduc t ion

-epon

ïnntiity j x jpefcriç j tonnegl -*epl iz«d impor ts iA i id -p rognos i s ' l o r j a ü ü 1

__j J

'V

,13Q -

• lôo) "f Commodity: M e l o n s

ï .Country: fed. Rep of ê»>v).

125_= T t imports

J5û_ - _ j _ - i -

home ...product ion

iQ5_=

Es t imat ion of imports in

|4-£90 - is -b*s«d-upon . xegres -

- Î

-V"l

Jsienfunct ion wïth t h e i nde

dependent "vaTTaVl es' : '~

i P r / p e , j i

-9f

[85

^ ... 1 . ig(j J-SJ - '-g-2 '-83 'S4 '35 '90 -year

-Real ized -pr ices -and -prognosis JLox—19SÛ

JllS J M l l a r s_per Ju.logramme

— 1Q.9P,

o.fr>-

030.:

"T

Êst imation of the impor t

e r i c e -i^-lh9£QirS -booed -qpon

1 . . . "-T

îa t r e nd e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

; iw . Cpj o.iMJb iaw. Sopp I y j foen*M (jrtcf. .ça*? b e

Hn'<J oto ^ a r b ^ c

--f-X I-

i - ' 8< t ) — IBll—LH2 -JL83 '-84 -'B5 i . 1. . . ' 90 yea r

-«pon

—;Re£liz«à iHjports:-and Jprognosxs :Jtor J.ayu_;...

höffie .production

I— -Realized p r i c e s -and ^prognosis Jxn AB90

iTTS rkSllarn per kilogramme

•Estimation of t h e impor t -

-piric« -i-n~}£9& is -based -apon

\& t r end e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

±£$ .IBil _LS2 - 18 a ' M '-85 '90 year

— I -

uç t i on

«pon

z L_hfimß_pxö4uc t ion

prie« -ift il99&.is baood napon

imports

hQffiß_p.roiduction

-epon

hQBîfe.-PTöduc t i o n

£XWl.

home p roduc t ion

«pon

13 m* fed k-uißrkiv)

home product ion

4-£90 - is based -upon - r eg re s -

'8Q '-8J -S2 ^83 '«4 -'^5 '90 year

s a l ixed -p r i ces -and -prognosis _£ÛX_1990

JUS Dol la rB-pgr JslLogramme __.

•Estimation of the impor t

e r i e z - i a -1990 i s booed -upon

a t r end e k t r a p o l a t i o n .

_1 _i.._L80 '-84 -^82 -1Ö3 '84 '85 'JO yea r

4-._. __!-.._.

• - -; ^ -hQme^production

'SO '-8J '~82 '-83 '84 '-85 '90 year

-Real ised -p r ices -and ^UDognosis--Eûx_199D

^Estimation of !the impor t -

7yri.ce in 11Q90—Jrs bascd-qpon


- ' 80 - -L8J1- ' 82 -133 '-84 '-B5 year

http://7yri.ce

b i i an t i t y .;'* roefje j totmés} li*eid -iopori-s^-and ^rognosisJ-£or_i.990

jMetbërfanok

llömÊ_PT.<>duc t ion

- js ienfunction -with t h e i n d e -

1

-J4ä£ Jftmntity -4te£li*ejd -imports^-and £rûgnosis_

. 'y m e t r i c j tonnés)

u c t i on

-AgQ J_8| l%2 'S3 'S4 '-85 .' 90 - year

-Realized -p r i ces -and.prognosis.-Lax.. 1990

. |TTS Ttollarfi p e r k i 1 qgramrtie

iEst imat îon of ;the impor t -

ri-ee i n B990 i s based-opon

~,a t r e nd e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

-L8Û -LB4 '-S2 -183 '-84 ....'-85

.J. — J L

yea r

&eÄli««Sd iaports-i-and .-bxaghosisJJEar. ;[x metr ic {totinggl. ' ' !

_L9äD

pricé-4<*-§-94Q^rS ~b&eed-yvor\

-Realized -pr ices and -^prognosis. for, 19RD

FPS TVHllarB ppr kilogramme "1*

{Estimation of :the impor t -

| p r i c e - i a 8 990 i s based-cpon

horoe-production

Real i ixed -imports,-and-Jsro-gx^sis^-fxtr _J.9S0 raefcric tonnes)

jCemmodity ; \-yc)nee.

Country: t k ? KlgiJlgrUwj^

* imports

home p roduc t ion

Es t imat ion of imports in

4-9£0-i-s based -upon j ^ g r e s -

jsienf unc t i on ^ ï t h -the i nde-

jdépendënt ' v a r i a b l e s :~ '

Trg^d .

LgQ .»_8j 1&2 '-83 ' M ._• '90 - year

-Realized -p r i ces -and -pxiognosi_s-_£ûx _L9SÛ

-JUS. J3olLaxË_pjexlJLi 1 o gramme

^Es t imat ion of t h e impor t -

jpr ice in 3 990 is-based-mpon

I ±&Q JLßil L82__1B3 --84 ^B5 _190 „year

.Country: H e K /^ tWl?hc fc j

home production

friefiÉunction w i th £he i n d e -

-Reali*«d Hpxices -and -prognosis _£ox.1990 __.:_

^Estimation of :the impor t -

-pri-ee-in -+99£- -*s-&e*ed-upon


c a r

i '8p_JLB4 ' 82 :-183 -'-Si -1B5

_±.

_; '-90 _year

J—!—-Realised impor:tsland -prognosis . ; for 1390 _]x TPefcriç j tonnjjs l

-Raalixed - p r i c e s -and -prio gnosis _£or_12B0

^Estimation of !the impor t -

in 9 990 lis boocd-ypon


I n jne. Cole w\ bien

l ' I i i&S-^'lJ. be V<£'1CV

i 8 û -L&1- '82 —Î-83 '-8A -1B5 .'_90 y ea r

-Re#lixed i^ori^ .-and ^rognosis_foir_L990

rrnany

home_production

i en f imc t i en wjith -t&e i n d e -

.JL$Q _'_8| . lg.2 LS3 î-84 -'-85

I i i : ! L _|... -130 ^raai

yrir&é-^.«-8-99i&-irS- based-cpon

home p roduc t ion

ipri-ce i n 3 99Q - i s based-epon

uction

home production

«pon

home production

l£Q _J_8j _Lg2 ^ 3 'S4 ' ^5 '-90 --year

, i

il-ized -p r ices -and pnagnas i s for ]St9Q _

!TTS Dfttlflrft ppr ki logramme

^Estimation of t he impor t -

p r i ee - - in -+990- i s -kased -upon

ï A i i A u s a s i a i

rrz' £e£li*ejd -imports^-and prognosis 4JEox_X99û.. Zj : . fyiflntity Jj&-jae)triç (tonnes!

Zommodityj Sugar frias

Country: Th& Nieder I a vid"b"

JhOJaß._pröduct.ion

ÎE-J^KA^^AKSIIP

homk production

-«pon

-»pon

i i84) -JL8J1 182—U3-'-84 '-B5 - 4 '90 ' year

4—

[jiiantiity

&L_»

(X/lf>

— * e î l i x e d - imports .-and -faragiiosis-j-fox_xa3ûr

X asejËrjc ItonnesJ,,, l i l

™T

- — I -

^—jCßinmQdity : Bil Larry Ired

jCountry The KfeU>fcr[e-vndS

ÄL

££_.

2 ^

24_

ai -

_l__._i

J.mpbrts

home proiduc t ion

-4

JE s t i a a t i on of impor ts in

4459O i s based upon . r e g r e s -

-teionfunction -with -Ëhe inde-

jdepëndënt v a r i a b l e s :

: Treli al

Jüt_-

H — — 4 -

Lli. 1

xiO

LgQ ..'.gl \%2 ^83 'M '85 _ 4 ; — '90 y e a r

-Real ised pr iâ tes -and prognosis-_£ûx._Lâ9û

- j ^ ilTS. Dó l l a r s - pe r , kiLagramme

&£C_

MM.

l i c -^Est imation of ithe impor t -

! Iprice in HQQQ-ji-s 4*ased-«pon

AM.:

Lia.

la t r end e x t r a p o l a t i o n .

Tri1 t o ^ h&« i'o^( O^ Cç-lpwi» »2-»1

Sopr i ^ jarVq.-S_çs l j _ ^ :

1-CO L

|C(5o

ir

ie,fecl I i izt • i 1

J !_90 y e a r

. Commodity i Jàiï&U^L.Xeol

1310u

Jiome _pioduc t ion

t— ?_80 ^81 ^82 '-§3 '«4 . . ^ 5 '90 year

-i—Realixed -prices -and -pxognosis—£ox .199Û —'•..

JITS Dollarn perJcilogramme ._

I——134c

-HEL —^-UJC

kic.i

û i 4

„Estimation of ithe import-

—jp*iee -ifi4496 -is—based -«pon

"ja trend extrapolat ion.

! •4«_+be p r i o r i , o f Co|0v«b. Supply" jpr ic^s cat-> be

U/h e r I

X X -f [_i84) ..±BII—182 -183 '£A -185 i ! i i ! ! : i

.'-90 year

-üï' 'V

home production

•çpon

home^gtoduçtion

a ! ! Realized-prices and prognosis. for-lSBÛ

ms rwiillarc ppr Ici 1 ogramme ; j ; \ :__

i^.SC- I

——IÂM~

!a.sc.

ÀX&M

g.sc.

a.óc.

.iàJi LUXL

-—I 1- —

4-

•—t -

JEstimation of ;the import-

—jpric« in 8 990 -i-s-based-ppon

ta t rend extrapolat ion.

i

1 h *;' j /fra-T

I. i6Û JLBil —UL -182 IM - -IB5 ..._J -year .

The KkUjcrlawis

-»pon

hoffijg-projduction

:i\ïéi'-.-.•—: :J = home-ptdduction

«pon

-Remixed imports l .and-prognosis i for_L990

ommodity; BJ-ack berry

Country: I Fed;. Qefr (""(-.(jerw.

: - - : - : - - —: •: : -» 8 home p roduc t ion

i«ii£uncti-©n wRth -the i n d e -

Ill Import prices per month per country of destination

'AGE I HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 AM

IMPOFUPRICES PER KILOGRAM IN US DOLLARS

'1ELONS

JA'IUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL •1EI JU'JI JULI

AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER 0KT03ER

NOVEMBER DECEMßER TOTAAL

•-1ELONS

JA UJARI FEBRUARI

MAART APRIL

MEI JU'JI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

MELONS

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI

AUGUSTUS 3EPTEM3ER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1980 NETHERLANDS

1.30 .70 .8«

1.38 .83 .62 .44 .57 .37 .48 .60 .88 .58

1981 NETHERLANDS

.97

.75

.80

.88

.63

.45

.36

.35

.32

.37

.45

.74

.44

1932 NETHERLANDS

.78 . 1.02

.85

.43

.60

.54

.34

.38

.36

.39

.40

.56

.43

BLEU 1.37 1.28 1.56 1.64

.88

.83

.81

.71

.72

.52

.61 1.44

.77

BLEU 1.35 1.28 1.43 1.43

.75

.76

.60

.51

.61

.56

.57

.81

.63

BLEU .64

1.30 1.29

.95

.64

.75

.55

.48

.46

.49

.53

.88

.57

GERMANY 1.12 1.12 1.10 1.09

.65

.48

.42

.34

.34

.43

.73

.91

.43

GERMANY .67 .78 .91 .78 .66 .39 .29 .26 .35 .41 .47 .62 .36

GERMANY .82 .90

1.12 .41 .46 .40 .25 .27 .33 .37 .50 .56 .33

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRATJCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 Af-

IMPORTPRICES PER KILUGRAM IN US DOLLARS

MELONS

JA JUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JU'JI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVE-1GER OECE 13ER TOTAAL

MELONS

JANUARI FEBR'JARI MAART APRIL MEI -JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER MOVE IBER DECE1BER TOTAAL

GARLIC

JANUARI FE3RJARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULIV

AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER 0KTO3ER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1^83 NETHERLANDS

.50

.74

.70

.68

.73

.51

.3a

.28

.27

.29

.35

.64

.ao

198a NETHERLANDS

.70

.61

.6a

.72

.a6

.35

.32

.25

.2a

.29

.50

.68

.36

1980 NETHERLANDS

1.76 1.67 1.00 1.88 1.71 1.72 2.32 1.9a 1.85 1.91 1.77 2.15 1.82

BLEU .81 .95

1.13 1.02

.68

.66

.52

.aö

.as

.a2

.61

.99

.55

BLEU 1.13

.96 1.53 1.16

.65

.5a

.52

.aa

.38

.30

.a9

.97

.51

BLEU 1.21 1 .aa l.a2 1.57 i.6a 1.59 1.46 i.6a 1.73 1.57 1.71 1.59 1.56

CERMANY .79 .87 .76 .67 .a9 .3a .28 .27 .29 .32 .a2 .63 .32

GERMANY ."O .7a .aa .78 .40 .27 .25 .25 .2a .30 .51 .72 .29

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .9a .96 .86 .9a

1.08 .70 .a9 .as .39 .ao .71 .65 .5a

GR.BRITAIN .78 .81 .90

1.01 .ei .5a .42 .37 .28 .28 .40 .46 .*45

GR.BPITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

AGE 3 HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 AM

IMPORTPRICES PER KILUGRAM IN US DOLLARS

GAELIC

JA.'JtJARI FE3RUARI .1A ART APRIL !EI

ju:il JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER ÜKT03ER •JOVE !8ER DECEMBER TOTAAL

GARLIC

JAJUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL IEI

JU'11 JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER JKTûûER ïJüVE'IBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

GARLIC

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL ME I JU'JI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER 'JOVE 1BER ÛECEMBER TOTAAL

1981 NETHERLANDS

1.83 1.87 2.02 2.00 1.79 1.19 1.6« 2.33 2.78 3.03 3.11 2.79 2.16

1982 NETHERLANDS

2.32 2.58 3.53 3.36 2.29 2.48 1.84 2.06 1.81 2.16 2.15 1.65 2.23

1933 NETHERLANDS

1.45 . 1.30

1.28 1.48 1.66 1.54

.82 1.73 1.34 1.12 1.12

.95 1.29

BLEU 1.52

92 70 60 72 42 63 36

2.91 3.06 2.79

.31 1.96

BLEU 2.64 3.29 3.63 3.36 2.63 2.31 2.47 2.24 2.07 2.18 2.14 2.07 2.50

BLEU 1.33

82 90 63

1 1 1 1.72 1 .48 1.45 1.59 1.54 1.31 1.19

.99 51 1

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY 1.53 1.78 1.00 1.78 1.67 1.83 1.49 1.62 1.53 1.44 1.27 1.19 1.54

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN 1.13 1.33 1.71 1.47 1.47

.84 1.33 1.21 1.09

.98

.88

.75 1.15

AGE 4 HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 AM

IMPORTPRICE.S PER KILOGRAM IN US DOLLARS

GARLIC

JANUARI rE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JU.-JI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER ÜKT03ER MOVE 1B£R DECEMBER TOTAAL

GINGER

JA'JUAPI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL ME I J UM I JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER MOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

GINGER

JA JUARI PL3RIJARI MAART APRIL MEI JUMI JULI , AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

IPS« NETHERLANDS

.97

.92 1.03

.99 1.37 1.08

.64 1.00 1.21

.7a

.55

.63

.92

1983 NETHERLANDS

.91 1.31

.96

.95 1 .06

.97 1.23

.81

.90 1.01

.98

.88

.98

198a NETHERLANDS

.00 ' 2.66

1.41 1.59 1.19 1.48 1.13 1.42 1.51 1.29 1.79

.72 1.40

1

BLEU .93 .07 .05 .14 .58 .12 .81 .09 .21 .95 .86 .81 .04

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY 1.08 1.18 1.04 1.13 1.37 1.24 1.01 1.02 1.01

.83

.76

.74 1.01

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GEPMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR. BRITAIN .65 .70 .75 .84

1.09 .93 .79 .87 .80 .84 .72 .75 .81

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 13, 1985, 10:07

IMP0RTP9ICES PER KILOGRAfl IN US DOLLARS

BILBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUAKI ; IA ART APSIL 1EI

JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER JKT03ER NOVEMBER UECE 1EER TOTAAL

BILBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI IAART

APRIL IE I

JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TUTAAL

BILBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI IAART

APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER UKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

BLUE I960 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 1.73 2 .02 £.01 2.09

.00

.79 1.87

BLUE 1981 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.78

.00

.00 1.50 1.54 1.59 1.52 2.39

.00

.00 1.57


3.37 ' .00

.00

.00

.00 4.12 1.7 3 1.92

•3.00 1.83 1.12

.00 1.81

BLEU .00 .00 .00

2.73 .00

2.56 1.49 1.93 2.25 2.85

.00

.00 2.14

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00

2.40 4.0 5 1.76 2.70 4.05

.00

.00

.00 1.99

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .10 .58 .01 .19 .05 .00 .00 .49

GERMANY 1.55 2.75

.00 1.68

.00 2.61 2.24 2.56 2.50 2.09 1.65 1.65 2.44

GERMANY 3.32 1.34

.00

.00

.00 2.77 2.26 2.33 2.43 1.33

.00

.00 2.26

GERMANY 3.49

.00

.00

.00

.00 ,19 ,01 ,99

3 2 1 1.93 1.88

.00

.41 2.01

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00,

.00

.00

.00

GR.BRITAIN .00 • .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 .-JED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 J

IMPORTPRICES PER KILüGRAfl IN IIS DOLLARS

BILBERRY

JANUARI FE3RLÎARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL


.00

.00

.00

.35

.00 1.27 1.24 1.3« 1.31

.00

.00

.00 1.26

BLEI) .00

4.90 .00 .00

92 75 38 59 37

.00

.00

.00 1.53

GERMANY 1.9b 1 .18

.00

.00

.00

.73

.71

.72

.80

.00

.39

.36

.71

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

1.88 4.56 3.0<4

.00

.00

.00 1.98

BILBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER •NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

BILBERRY RED

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER •'10VE 1BER DECEMBER TOTAAL


.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 1.25 1.04

.85

.61

.56

.00

.00

.99

1980 NETHERLANDS

I.. 3 2 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .68 .00 .00

1.36 1.47 2.55 1.54

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .99 .00 .34 .40

30 .00 .00

1.37

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .42 .56

3 2 3.42

.00

.00 4.14 1.90

.23

.00

.00

GERMANY 2.11

.00

.00

.53

.00 1.19 1.24 1.06 1.49 1.99

.35

.00 1.19

GERMANY ,36 ,35 ,00 ,72 ,00 ,65 ,47 ,32 ,20 ,27 ,61 ,36

2.99

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BPITAIM .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

3.99 1.10 1.18

.00

.00 ,

.00

.00 1.18

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 , .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 Af

IMPORTPRICES PER KILOGRAM IN US DOLLARS

BILBERRY RED 1981 NETHERLANDS

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI -AUGUSTUS SEPTEM3ER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

BILBERRY RED

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

BILBERRY RED

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL ME I JUNI JULI , AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

2.35 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

1.27 1.34 1.97 1.64 2.51 2.49 2.21

1982 NETHERLANDS

1.91 .00 .00 .00 .00 .62 .57 .00

2.67 3.28 4.18 1.93 2.41

1983 NETHERLANDS

.00 ' .00

.00

.00

.00

.94

.43 1.13 1.95 2.58 2.44 1.61 2.16

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

3.24 2.74 3.19 3.08 2.16 2.89

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .19 .19 .37 .01

3.41 3.82

.00 3.12

BLEU 1.81

.00 3.92 4.58 1.96

.00

.28 t.57 3.00 2.13 2.05 2.45 2.29

GERMANY 2.53 2.61 2.54 2.80 2.60 2.73 1.33 2.13 2.25 2.64 2.81 2.89 2.49

GERMANY 2.81 2.47

.00 2.29

.00

.00 2.34 2.47 3.38 3.83 3.75 3.83 3.57

GERMANY 2.84 3.45 3.73

.00

.00

.00 1.18 2.61 2.77 3.02 2.b3 2.79 2.83

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 ' .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .0'C .00 .00 .00 .00 .00' .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07

IMPORTPRICES PER KILOGkAM IN US DOLLARS

BILBERRY REO

JANUARI FEBRUARI HAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

CRANBERRY

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER ÛKT03ER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

CRANBERRY

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL ME I JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1984 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.90 1.98

.37 1.10

.41 1.09 2.29 1.76 2.00 1.46

I9ö0 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 3.80

.00 1.10 1.71

19H1 NETHERLANDS

,.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

1.20 1.99 1.64 1.73 1.74

BLEU .00

1.73 3.89

.00

.00

.00 1.73 2.40 2.04 1.96 1.19 1.99 1.91

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY 2.40 2.38 2.46

.00 1.89 2.08 2.62 1.67 2.18 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.26

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 ' .00 .00 .00

GR.BPITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 . .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 AM


CRANBERRY

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL 'iE I JU'JI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

CRANBERRY

JA'JUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI Juni JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

CRANBERRY

JA'JUARI TEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI J UM I JULI AUGUSTUS' SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1982 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 1.45 1.62 3.06 2.15

1983 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 1.05 1.40 2.03 1.6a 1.73

198a NETHERLANDS

.00 /0 0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

a. 05 1.8a 1.83 1.97 1.89

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU 1.57

.00

.00

.00

.00 1.96 1.27

.00 3.53

76 84 85 80

BLEU 1.73

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 11 82 33 88 86

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

2.12 1.71

.98 1.76 1.62 1.72 1.53

GERMANY 1.67 2.58 1.49 1.76 1.53 2.58

.00 1.53

.85 2.50 1.65 1.56 1.70

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

1.74 1.87 1.79 1.81

GR.BPITAÏN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

1.21 i .aa 1.36 1.25

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 .JED, SEP 18/ 1985, 10:07 /


BLACKBERRY

JA'iUARI FE3RLJARI MAART APRIL MEI J UM I JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

TOTAAL

BLACKBERRY

JA'JUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUMI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECE-10ER

TOTAAL

BLACKBERRY

JA'JUARI FE3RJARI MAART APRIL MEI JUMI JULI , AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1980 NETHERLANüS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.95

.88

.00

.00

.00

.00

.93

1<»81 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.90

.89

.97

.7 3

.9a

.00

.00

.91

1982 NETHERLANDS

.00 '.0 0 .87 .00 .00 .77 .7« .59 .78 .00 .00 .00 .69

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00

2.05 .00 .90 .71 .00 .00 .00 .00 .89

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .94 .02 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .01 1

ÜLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .76 .00 .84 .00 .00 .00 .77

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .77 .7a .66 .00 .00 .00 .76

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .98 .91 .9a .91

1.00 .00 .00 .92

GERMANY .00 .00

l.2a .00

1.65 .00 ,6a .69 .66 .69 .00 .65 .65

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRA! ICE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR. BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR, BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 ' .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

IEWLETT-PACKAHD 3 2 2 0 1 A . 7 . 1 3 E D I T / 3 0 0 0 WED, SEP 1 8 , 1 9 8 5 , 1 0 : 0 7 I

IMPORTPrtlCES

3LACKBERRY

JA JUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER ÜKT03ER MOVE 1BER DECEMBER TOTAAL

BLACKBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JU.11 JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

3TRA.JBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI •MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTl/S SEPTEMBER OKTOBER 'MOVE 1AER DECEMBER TOTAAL

PER KILOGRAM

1983 NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.52

.54

.59

.70

.43

.00

.00

.56

1"8« NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.41

.51

.00

.00

.62 6.23

.43

I960 NETHERLANDS

4.27 3.6 0 2.07 2.h8 2.21 1 .76 2.04

.00 1.31 4.30 4.71

.54 2.14

IN US DOLLARS

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .78 .46 .00 .00 .00

1.96 .53

BLEU .00 .00

1.73 .00 .00 .00 .75 .00 .00 .74 .86 .00 .81

RLEU 5.22 4.0 4 4.0 6 3.06 2.57 1.79 1 .48 2.88 3.30 3.82 3.96 3.69 2.34

GERMANY .65 .00 .00 .00 .00 .61 .51 .56 .00 .00 .00 .00 .58

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .70 .46 .49 .44 .32 .00

1.05 .46

GERMANY 2.7 4 2.87 3.10 2.91 1.B2 1.67 1.14 1.60 2.35 2.19 2.37 2.39 1.89

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 ' .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN . 0 ft .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 • .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

AGE 12 I

IHPORTPRIC

STRAWBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER ÜFCE-1BER TOTAAL

HEWLETT-PACKARD

ES PER KILOGRAM

l«fi! NETHERLANDS

.00

.00

.00 1.81 1.83 1.20

.82

.79

.57

.81 3.50 a.34 1.35

32201 A

IM US 1

BLEU 3.9/J 3.24 2.72 2.04 2.30 1.67 1.12 2.40 2.12 2.70 4.72 6.17 1.98

.7.13 EDIT/3000

DOLLARS

GERMANY 2.56 2.41 2.53 2.53 1.43 1.26 1.41 1.74 1.85 1.90 3.55 4.51 1.61

WED, SEP 1 3 , 1 9 8 5 , 1 0 : 0 7 At

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00

Ï .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

STRAWBERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER HOVE 1BER DECEMBER TOTAAL

3TAW3ERRY

JANUARI FE3RUARI NAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER 0KTO3R NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

1982 NETHERLANDS

4.14 3.68 3.05 2.33 1.81 1.08

.67

.65 1.44 2.27 2.40 5.23 1.26

1983 NETHERLANDS

3.55 2.72 2.90 1.81 1.28

.80

.47 1.72 1.31 1.63 2.28 2.51 1.03

BLEU 4.12 3.22 3.03 2.84 2.31 1.14 1.04 2.62 2.13

.00 4.88 4.96 1.65

BLEU 1 .60 3.79 3.00 2.54 1.85 1.02

.83 1.22 1.54 3.64 3.27 2.79 1.35

GERMANY 4.47 3.52 3.02 2.08 1.74 1.7 4

.97 1.40 1.30 1.94 3.16 4.35 1.76

GERMANY 3.89 3.72 2.92 1.91 1.54 1.20 1.03 1.90 1.80 2.36 3.14 3.48 1.52

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIM .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN 4.09 4.56 3.45 2.81 • 1.83 1.66

.92 1 .02 2.92 3.64 3.87 4.76 2.03

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 /

IMPüRTPRICES

STRAWBERRY

J AMilAR I FE3RUARI MAART APRIL iE I JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER .NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

PER KILOGRAM

198« (NETHERLANDS

1.98 2.29 1.97 1.49 1.19

.90

.48

.79 l.b3 2.10 2.58

.96

.73

114 US

BLEU 3.6b 2.59 2.45 2.00 1.86 1.32

.55 1.64 2.31 4.15 1.51 1.34 1.27

DOLLARS

GERMANY 3.29 2.46 2.46 1.74 1.48 1.25

.94 1.44 1.64 1.72 1.50 1.80 1.38

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

G R . B R IT A If.'

4.55 3.00 2.59 1.99 1.75 1.39 1.31 1.71 1.21 1.19 1.00 3.05 1.76

HARRICOTSVERTS

JANUARI F E 3 R U A R I

M A A R T A P R I L MEI J U N I JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER 0KTO3ER • JOVE IBER OECE IBER TOTAAL

U\ 1980

ETHERLANDS .00 .00 .00 .00 .1)0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

'.0 0 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00 .00 .00

2.50 .55 .39 .41

2.02 1.49 1.42 6.05 1.0 4

.79

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.pr? ITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 , .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 . .00

1AR RICOTSVERTS 1981

JANUARI' FEBRUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER 'lOVE IßER DECEMBER TOTAAL

NETHERLANDS .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00 .00 .00 .00 .25 .26 .32

1.02 .r'9

2.31 4.88 5.54

.55

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

PAGE ia HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EOIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 A


IARRICOTSVERTS 1982 NETHERLANDS

AMUARI E8RJARI AART PRIL EI UNI ULI UGUSTUS EPTEMBER KTOBER ÛVE 16ER ECEMBER OTAAL

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

8 LEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .82 .00 .72 .'41 .00 .31 .41. .78 .66 .73 .00

2.06 .43

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.PRITAIM .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

JANUARI FE3RUARI MAART APRIL MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

METHERLANDS .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HARRICOTSVERTS 1984

JANUARI FEBRUARI MAART APRIL . MEI JUNI JULI AUGUSTUS SEPTEMBER OKTOBER NUVEMBER DECEMBER TOTAAL

NETHERLANDS .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

BLEU .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GERMANY .00

2.06 .00 .00 . 2 ^ .2e» .68 .58 .70

1.49 .00 .00 .38

GERMANY .00 .47 .00 .00 .26 .26 .27 .60 .42 .46 .00 .00 .31

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

FRANCE .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 , .00 .00 .0-0 .00 .00 .00

GR.BRITAIN .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

HEWLETT-PACKARD 32201A.7.13 EDIT/3000 WED, SEP 18, 1985, 10:07 A


LYCHEES

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT f!OV DEC TOT

NETHERLANDS 1980

2.43 2.53 2.62 0.00 5.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 a.38 3.08 2.66

1981

2.11 2.38 2.33 0.00 0.00 1.04 1.8b 3.94 0.00 0.00 3.48 2.51 2.37

1982

1.63 1.67 3.04 5.20 2.69 2.64 2.97 3.04 0.00 0.00 3.16 1.95 2.39

1933

1.07 1.42 1.75 0.00 2.24 0.00 5.26 2.30 0.00 0.00 2.4 0 2.57 2.21

1984

1.76 1.82 1.61 0.00 1.63 0.00 1.03 1.04 0.00 0.00 2.26 3.14 1.93

IMPORTPRICES

SUGAR PEAS U

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT NOV DEC TQT

PER KILOGRAM

ETHERLArtOS 1980

1.98 1.40 1.60 2.16 r.7 0 0.92 1.0 4 0.35 4.14 0.94 0.00 3.04 1.28

IN US

1931

1.93 2.20 2.15 2.4 7 2.45 0.Ö5 1.27 3.21 0.82 2.72 3.01 2.31 1.53

DOLLARS

1982

1.95 2.25 1.96 2.18 1.93 1.14 0.98 2.44 1.40 2.35 2.54 2.34 1.79

1983

2.00 1.76 1.8 0 2.20 1.73 0.92 1.10 2.49 1.24 2.61 1.57 2.14 1 .48

1984

1.55 1.42 1.80 1.25 1.59 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 1.59 1.56

exports of vegetables and fruits to the western european

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